2022年人教版新课标高一英语Book3unit2Healthyeating情态动词归纳

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载语法归纳之情态动词情态动词有 can could、 may might、 must、 have to、 shall should、 will would、 dare dared、 need needed、 ought to等； 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用,必需与其后的动词原形构成谓语；一. can、 could1) 表示才能（体力.学问.技能）；can you lift this heavy box.（ 体 力 ） mary can speak three language（s. 学问） can you skate.（技能）此时可用 be able

2、 to代替； can 只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to就有更多的时态；i ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示 “经过努力才得以做胜利某事”时应用 be able to,不能用 can；如： he was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示恳求和答应；-can i go now.- yes、 you can. / no、 you can t.此时可与 may 互换；在疑问句中仍可用could、might 代替,不为过去

3、式,只为语气更委婉,不能用于确定句和答语中；- could i come to see you tomorrow.- yes、 you can. no、 iafmraid not. 3) 表示客观可能性（客观缘由形成的才能）；they ve changed the timetable、 so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示估量（惊奇.怀疑.不信任的态度）,用于疑问句.否定句和感叹句中；can this be true.this can t be done by him. how can

4、 this be true.二. may、 might1 表示恳求和答应； might 比 may 语气更委婉,而不为过去式；否定回答时可用can或tmustn,t表示 “不行以,禁止 ”；-might/ may i smoke in this room.- no、 you mustn t.- may/might i take this book out of the room.- yes、 you can. no、 you can t / mustn t. 用 may i. ？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用can i.？在口语中更常见； 2）用于祈使句,表示希望；精品学习资料精选学习资料

5、 - - - 欢迎下载may you succeed.3 表示估量.可能性（不用于疑问句）；might 不为过去式,它所表示的可能性比may 小； 1he may /might be very busy now.2your mother may /might not know the truth.三. must、 have to1) 表示必需.必要；you must come in time.在回答引出的问句时,假如为否定的,不能用mustn（t禁止,不准）,而用needn t、 don t have to（不必） .- must we hand in our exercise books t

6、oday.- yes、 you must.- no、 you don t have to / ynoeuedn t.2) must 为说话人的主观看法,而 have to 就强调客观需要；must 只有一般现在时, have to有更多的时态形式；1 he play isn t interesting、 i really must go now. 2 i had to work when i was your age.3) 表示估量.可能性（只用于确定的陈述句）1 you re tom s good friend、 so you must knwohwat he likes best. 2 y

7、our mother must be waiting for you now.四. dare、 need1) dare 作情态动词用时 、 常用于疑问句.否定句和条件从句中、 过去式形式为dared； 1 how dare you say i m unfair.2 he daren t speak english before such a crowd、 dare he.3 if we dared not go there that day, we couldn t get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时 、 常用于疑问句.否定句；在确定句中一般用m

8、ust、 have to、 ought to、should 代替；1you needn t come so early.2. - need i finish the work today.- yes、 you must. / no、 you needn .t3) dare 和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称.时态和数的变化；在确定句中, dare 后面常接带 to 的不定式；在疑问句和否定句中, dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式；而 need后面只能接带 to 的不定式；1. i dare to swim across this river.2. he doesn t da

9、re to answer.3. he needs to finish his homework today.五. shall、 should1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的看法；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载what shall we do this evening.2) shall 用于其次.三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令.警告.承诺或威逼；1. you shall fail if you don t w警o告rkhard.2. he shall have the book when i finish it.承诺3. he shall be punished.威胁六

10、 . will、 would1) 表示恳求.建议等, would 更委婉；will / would you pass me the ball、 please.2) 表示意志.愿望和决心；1. i will never do that again.2. they asked him if he would go abroad.3) would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向；would 表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯 ”的含义；1. during the vacation、 he would visit me every other day.2. the wound

11、would not heal.4) 表示估量和猜想；it would be about ten o clock when she left home.七. should、 ought to1) should、 ought to表示 “应当”,ought to 表示义务或责任,比should 语气重；1. i should help her because she is in trouble.2. you ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝说.建议和命令；should、 ought to 可通用,但在疑问句中常用should；1. you should /

12、 ought to go to class right away.2. should i open the window.3) 表示估量should 、 ought to 客观估量 、must主观估量 ；1. he must be home by now. 断定他已到家 精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载2. he ought to/should be home by now.不3. this is where the oil must be.直爽太确定 精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载4. this is where the oil ought to/should

13、be.含蓄八. 情态动词 +不定式完成式 （ have done）1) can / could + have done在确定句中表示 “原来可以做而实际上能做某事”,为虚拟语气； 在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不愿定、 表示估量；1. you could have done better、 but you didn t t（ry虚yo拟ur语b气es）t.2. he can t have been to that t（ow推n.测）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载3. can he have got the book（.估量）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下

14、载2) may / might +不定式完成式（ have done）表示对过去行为的估量；不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法；might 所表示的可能性精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载比 may 小；1. he may not have finished the work .2. if we had taken the other road、 we might have arrived earlier.3） must +不定式完成式（ have done）用于确定句中,表示对过去行为的估量；意为“肯定.想必 ”；其疑问.否定形式用can,cant 代替；参看 1 can /

15、could + have done表示估量；1. you must have seen the film titanic.2. he must have been to shanghai.4） should +不定式完成式（ have done） 用于确定句中,表示对过去行为的估量；he should have finished the work by now；表示“本应当做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了；可以与 ought to +不定式完成式（ have done）互换；1. you ought to / should have helped him. but you didn t.2. she shouldn t have taken away my