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1、感叹句的讲解及练习题 一、感叹句的定义 用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句(exclamatory sentence).感叹句句尾常用感叹号,亦可用句号,朗读时用降调,在口语中常用省略句,有时只用一个词或词组。如:Great ! How cold ! 二、感叹句的六种句式 一般说来,感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的,它有两个类型,六种句式。掌握了它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。1.用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句式,此时,what 为形容词,用作定语,修饰它后面的名词或名词词组(即感叹部分是名词性短语)。 1). What +a / an + 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语!E.
2、g.What a fine day it is! 多么好的天气啊!(辅音音素前用a)What an old building that is!那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊(元音音素前用an) 2). What + 形容词可数名词复数形式主语谓语!E.g.: What good teachers they are! 他们是多么好的老师啊!What beautiful flowers these are! 这些是多么美丽的花啊! 3). What + 形容词不可数名词主语谓语!E.g.: What thick ice we are having here! 我们这儿的冰多厚啊!What round b
3、read it is! 这是一块多么圆的面包啊!2.用 how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式,此时,how 是副词,用作状语,修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。 4). How 形容词主语谓语!(即谓语动词是连系动词) E.g.: How hot it is today! 今天天气多热啊!How beautiful the flowers are! 这些花多么美丽啊! 5). How 副词主语谓语! E.g.: How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!How well she sings! 她歌唱得多好啊! 6). How + 主语谓语!(即谓语动词是行为动词)E.g.: How sh
4、e dances! 她跳舞跳得多好啊!注意:what 和 how 引起的感叹句,在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。E.g.: How cold ( it is ) ! What a good girl! What delicious fish!三、陈述句变感叹句全解 1.如何快速掌握感叹句? 学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,陈述句变感叹句实际上,就是句子成分位置的移动。E.g.: She is smiling sweetly. How sweetly she is smiling! (移动状语) 2.哪些句子成分可能会移动位置? 通过对句子
5、成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。位置可能会变动的句子成分:宾语、表语和状语。E.g.Mr. Turner told us a funny story.What a funny story Mr. Turner told us!(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语) 3.如何确定使用what还是使用how? 当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how,一般可以这样来确定:位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what,是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an +
6、NE.g.: What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike 名词短语)How fast he is riding!(fast 副词)How cool a bike you are riding!(how + adj. + a/ an +N) 4.如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词? 名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用an,以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。E.g.: What beautiful sunshine it is today!(sunshine 不可数名词) What a useful book this
7、 is!(useful 以辅音音素开头)What an old house that is!(old 以元音音素开头) 5.以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换?这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的: 含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。E.g.: What an expensive glass he broke! How expensive a glass he broke! 名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当
8、主语。E.g.: How beautiful the birds are! what beautiful birds they are!(说明:N代表名词,未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式,S代表主语,V代表动词) 6.在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。E.g.: What a naughty boy!(省略了he is) 四、其它句式变感叹句有时陈述句、疑问句(句中常有so或much)以及祈使句也可直接转化为感叹句,不需要改变词的位置,只要改变原来的音调(即变为降调)。E.g.Hes such a nice boy! 多好的孩子!How can you
9、be so clever! 你怎么这么聪明!Don go with us! 别和我们一起去!Have you ever seen such a thing? 你曾见过这种事情吗?五、典型例题例1. _ food you've cooked! A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How niceD. What nice 答案: D. 评析:由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词,且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除,C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)例2. _terrible
10、weather we've been having these days! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a答案: A. 评析:weather为不可数名词,B,D排除, C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。例3. - _ I had! - You really suffered a lot. A. What a timeB. What timeC. How a timeD. how time 答案:A.评析:感叹句分两类:1:What + n.+主谓部分2:How + adj. / adv. / v
11、.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。感叹句的练习题一、选择题 1. _ delicious the dish is! A. WhatB. HowC. What a 2. _ strange clothes he is wearing! A. What a B. WhatC. How a 3. _ an interesting subject it is! A. WhatB. HowC. What an 4. _ foggy it was yesterday! A. What B. What aC. How 5. _
12、careless a boy you are! A. How B. What aC. What6. _ a nice watch it is! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a7. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a8. _ interesting the film is!(1998湖北)A.What B. What an C. How D. How an9._ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk.(1999江西) A. How a B. How C.
13、What a D. What10. _ hard work it is!(1999浙江) A. How B. What C. What a D. What an11. _ day it is! Its rainy again. (1999江西) A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine12. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)A. How a B. What a C. How D. What13. _ expensive trousers!(1999浙江) A. What B. Wha
14、t a C. How D. What an14. The sun is shining. fine day it is!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 15. thick ice! Would you like to go skating? A. WhatB. How C. What a D. How a 16. cold it is today! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 17. its blowing! A. What strong B. How strong C. How strongly D. What st
15、rongly18. _ they are playing in the playground!A. How happily B. How happy C. What happy D. What happy children19. beautiful flowers! Where did you buy them?A. How B. What C. What a D. How a20. honest Angela is!A. How a B. What an C. What a D. How21. useful work she has done!A. What B. How C. What a
16、 D. How a22. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright23. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine24. _ careless he is! A. What B. HowC. So much D. How much25. _ from Beijing to London!A. How long way it is B. What a long way i
17、s itC. How long way is it D. What a long way it is26. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise27. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an28. _ nice picture you gave me! A. How B. What C
18、. What a D. What an29. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.A. What an, aB. what, a C. How an, the D. How; the30. An earthquake hit Indonesia yesterday. - terrible news! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What31. Dad, do you like my picture?- ! Its the nicest one Ive ever seen!A. What a
19、 strong boy B. How carefulC. How wonderful D. What a brave boy32. Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist (相扑手). Wow, !A. How a fat man B. What a fat man C. How fat man D. What fat man33. What it is! A. nice dayB. nice weather C. a nice weather34. Mrs Smith is!A. How kind woman B. What a kind womanC. W
20、hat kind woman D. How a kind woman35. piece of important information we have got!A. What a B. What C. What an D. How二、用what与 how填空1. His handwriting is good. _ good his handwriting is!2. These photos are nice. _ nice these photos are!3. Betty sings well. _ _ well Betty sings!4. They are working hard
21、. _hard they are working!5. Jenny was very disappointed when she saw this._disappointed Jenny was when she saw this.6. It is a wonderful concert _a wonderful concert it is!7. They looked worried. _ worried they looked! 8. The young man speaks English well. _well the young man speaks English! 9. They
22、 are beautiful flowers. _ beautiful flowers they are!10. It is a difficult problem. _a difficult problem it is !11. Tom has strong arms. _ strong arms Tom has!12. I missed my old friends very much. _I missed my old friends!13. The children like their teacher very much. _the children like their teach
23、er!14. This kind of flower smells nice. _nice this kind of flower smells!15. Time flies fast. _ fast time flies!16. He works hard at his lessons. _ hard he works at his lessons!三、把下列的句子改为感叹句。1. It is quite a nice present._ _ nice present!2. We have fine weather today. _ _weather we have today!3. Its sunny today._ _sunny day it is today!4. The children are working hard._ _the children are working!5. She played basketball wonderfully._ _ she played basketball!6. He is
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