2019高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit3Lifeinthefuture含解析新人教版必修520180922189

1、李仕才一、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost halfof that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute theoceans. So far thereis no effective way to get rid of it, but anew study suggests a

2、n answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greaterwax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The teamleft 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and theworms

3、 consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirmthat the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently b

4、roken down byenzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published inCurrent Biology in 2019.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to breakdown their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic.Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond

5、in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was notinvolved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break downpolyethylen

6、e. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breakingdown in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the causeof the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠 道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings migh

7、t one day help employ theenzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical insome kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 1. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They

8、are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.2. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3. It c

9、an be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special wor

10、m.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降 解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study,says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax alsoallows them to b

11、reak down plastic. 可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的 能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选 C。3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 But she expects using the chemical in somekind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on topof the plastic. 可以推断出，Bertocchini 希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产 中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选 D。4.C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第一段最

12、后一句 So far there is no effective wayto get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachsof some hungry worms. 可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句 But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 可知，Bert

13、occhini 希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解 塑料的方法。故选 C。二、教材与语法填空根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I went into the future because I 1. (win) a prize that gave me 2. tour. I suffered from “time lag” when I left my own time. Wang Ping gave me some green tablets 3. could help me feel 4. (little) nervous a

14、nd uncertain. 5. (he) parents company, 6. (call) “Future Tours” ， transported me 7. (safe) into the future in a time capsule. The first thing I noticed was the poor quality of the air, so my head ached. And I found several things 8. (differently): a mask to give me enough oxygen; a hovering carriage

15、 driven by computer; a strangelooking house 9. (belong) to Wang Pings parents. There the trees acted as walls and provided oxygen 10. the room; a table, some chairs and a bed rose from under the floor as if by magic.答案：1.had won 2.a 3.which/that 4.less 5.His6called 7.safely 8.different 9.belonging 1

16、0.for三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的 最佳选项。A Letter to My DadFour years ago we found out about the cancer growing inside you.You told me the news that it had already spread and that you didn't know how long you had _1_.I was still at university.A parent dying was something that

17、happened to _2_ peoplepeople older than me.I spent the first few months in_3_.For the first time I felt_4_.I wished I could just _5_ you and take the cancer out.But there was nothing I could do.We've been_6_.You reacted well to treatment and you're still here，though we don't know for how

18、 much _7_.I've always wanted to say that I love you，and that I'm_8_ for everything you've given me.But I can't.It feels like it is this unwritten_9_ in our fatherson relationship that_10_ it.You're a man conservative and guarded with your _11_.You keep them to yourself and _12_ o

19、thers to do the same.But I know you _13_.I've seen your proud looks when I've told you about my _14_ at work and school over the years.I've seen your_15_ when things haven't gone well.I remember all the offers of help.I wish we could talk about what we _16_ to each other.I wish you c

20、ould tell me you're _17_ and I could tell you I love you.I wish these _18_ concepts of masculinity(男子气概)weren't so deeply _19_ in both of us.Maybe we will still see our way to that _20_ before you go.But whatever the case，I just need to say itI love you，and thank you.1A.waited BleftCsuffered

21、 Dstayed2A.any BfewCother Dall3A.doubt BangerCvain Dshock4A.powerless BnervousClost Dbored5A.reach into Bturn toCstand by Dlook into6A.confused BluckyCactive Dhopeless7A.better BdeeperClonger Dfurther8A.eager BgratefulCregretful Ddesperate9A.letter BwordCidea Drule10A.prevents BchangesCdestroys Dtra

22、nsforms11A.illnesses BfeelingsCbelongings Dopinions12A.require BexpectCallow Dpersuade13A.lie BunderstandCcare Dfear14A.achievements BdifficultiesCgoals Dexperiences15A.power BangerCcuriosity Dconcern16A.have BgiveCleave Dmean17A.conservative BbraveCproud Dhelpful18A.absurd BimportantCuseful Dpopula

23、r19A.lost BtrappedCrooted Dcovered20A.situation BsolutionCachievement Dconversation【解题导语】你以为你对他的爱很深沉，这是你了解的；你不了解的是，他对你的爱比 你的深沉一万倍。对父母的爱，要怎么才说得出口？别太晚。如果没有勇气当面表达，就写 封信来告诉他。1 B 四年前作者发现父亲身患癌症，癌细胞已经扩散，因此，此处指不知道还能活多 久。how long you had left是“你还剩下多长时间”的意思，left 用作后置定语。故选 B 项。2 C 根据该空后的 people older than me 可

24、判断，作者以为父(母)亲垂死这件事只 会发生在比他年龄更大的人身上。故选 C 项。3 D in doubt 意为“怀疑”；in anger 意为“生气地”；in vain 意为“徒劳无益 地”；in shock 意为“震惊地；吃惊地”。听到父亲患癌这件事，作者当然是长时间地感 到震惊。故选 D 项。刷有所得·方法：做完形填空题时，有些题要注意该空前后的介词、副词等。有时需要 分别把选项与前后的介词、副词相搭配，再判断它们搭配后哪个短语的意思更符合上下文的 逻辑。4 A 根据下文 But there was nothing I could do.可知，作者什么都做不了，由此 可推测，此

25、处指作者感到无能为力。powerless 意为“无能为力的”；nervous 意为“紧张 不安的；焦虑的”；lost 意为“迷路的；不知所措的”；bored 意为“厌烦的；烦闷的”。 根据语境可知选 A 项。5 A 根据下文 and take the cancer out 可知，此处指作者希望可以进入父亲的身体 拿走癌细胞。reach into 意为“伸进；伸入”；turn to 意为“转向；求助于”；stand by 意为“袖手旁观；支持”；look into 意为“调查”。故选 A 项。6 B 根据该空后面的 You reacted well to treatmentand you'

26、;re still here可知， 作者的父亲对治疗反应很好并且依然还活着，所以作者一家感觉是幸运的(lucky)。故选 B项。confused 意为“困惑的；混乱的”；active 意为“积极的”；hopeless 意为“没有希 望的”。7 C 父亲的治疗效果很好，“我们”很幸运，虽然不知道父亲还能坚持多久，但是他 还活着。better 意为“更好”；deeper 意为“更深”；longer 意为“更长久”；further 意为“更远”。故选 C 项。8 B 根据设空后的 everything you've given me 可知，作者在此表达对父亲的感激 之情。eager 意为“渴

27、望的；热切的”；grateful 意为“感激的”；regretful 意为“遗憾 的；后悔的”；desperate 意为“绝望的”。故选 B 项。9 D 句意为：好像在我们的父子关系上就是这不成文的规则阻止了这句话被说出口。 unwritten rule 意为“不成文的规则”，符合语境。故选 D 项。10 A 根据下文的 You're a man conservative和 You keep them to yourself可知， 父亲很保守，所以这一不成文的规则阻止了父爱的表达。prevent 意为“阻止；防止”； change 意为“改变”；destroy 意为“破坏；摧毁”；tr

28、ansform 意为“使改观；使转化”。 故选 A 项。11 B guarded 意为“谨慎的”，结合下文的 You keep them to yourself 可知，此 处指父亲是一个保守的、对情感(feelings)谨慎的人。conservative and guarded with your feelings 作后置定语，修饰前面的 a man。故选 B 项。illness 意为“疾病”；belongings 意为“所有物”；opinion 意为“观点”。12 B 根据前文对父亲的描述 conservative, guarded with your _可知，父 亲收敛自己的感情，希望别人

29、也这样做。require 意为“要求”；expect 意为“期望；盼望”； allow 意为“允许”；persuade 意为“劝说；说服”。故选 B 项。13 C 根据下文的 I've seen your proud looks可知，父亲是很在意儿子的。lie 意 为“撒谎”；understand 意为“理解”；care 意为“在意；在乎”；fear 意为“害怕”。 故选 C 项。14 A 根据前面的 your proud looks 可知，父亲自豪的应该是作者取得的成就 (achievements)。故选 A 项。difficulty 意为“困难”；goal 意为“目标”；exper

30、ience 意为“经历”。15 D 根据设空后的 when things haven't gone well及 I remember all the offers of help.可知，当事情进展不顺利时，父亲会主动提供帮助，因此可知，父亲是关心儿子的。 power 意为“力量；权力”；anger 意为“愤怒；生气”；curiosity 意为“好奇心”；concern 意为“担心；忧虑”。故选 D 项。16 D 结合下文 I wish you could tell me you're _ and I could tell you I love you.可知，作者希望父亲能够告诉

31、他父亲是如何想的，作者也能告诉父亲作者爱他。 由此可推测，此处指作者希望能够与父亲谈论他们对彼此意味着(mean)什么。故选 D 项。17 C 根据上文的 your proud looks 可知，此处指作者希望父亲能够告诉他父亲为他 而自豪。conservative 意为“守旧的；保守的”；brave 意为“勇敢的”；proud 意为“骄 傲的；自豪的”；helpful 意为“有帮助的”。故选 C 项。18 A 根据上一题解析及空后的 masculinity 可知，此处指作者希望这些荒谬的大男 子观念不会在他和父亲的心中根深蒂固。absurd 意为“荒唐的；可笑的”，符合语境。故 选 A 项。

32、important 意为“重要的”；useful 意为“有用的”；popular 意为“流行的”。19 C 根据语境可知，此处指作者希望这样的大男子观念不要根深蒂固。lost in 意 为“迷失在”；trapped in 意为“陷入”；rooted in 意为“植根于；深植于”；covered in 意为“被覆盖”故选 C 项。20 D 根据上文的 talk about 可知，此处指作者与父亲的谈话(conversation)。故选 D 项。四、教材与话题写作()用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。1随着科技的发展， 我对未来生活持乐观态度。(be optimistic about)答案：With

33、the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future.2到那时我们生活的环境更舒适、 美丽。 (surroundings)答案：By that time, the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful.3太阳能、 风能将会被充分利用， 海水也会转变成能源， 人们再也不用担心缺乏能源。 (be switched into; lack of energy)答案：People will not

34、worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.4我们不但被提供丰富的衣食， 而且我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。(not only.but also; provide.with)答案：We will not only be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world.5正是因为工作效率更高了，我们在工作学习上的压力将会更小。(efficiently; stress)答案：We will have less stress either from our study or work because we can work more efficiently.()将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。五、下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五