虚拟现实技术外文翻译

1、学本科毕业设计学班 学 姓英文文献及翻译院级号名教师称the development of virtual reality technology and itsresearch statusvirtual reality technology in recent years, one of the fastest growing techno logy, and multimedia technology, network technology and known as the three b est prospect of computer technology. and other hig

2、h-tech, external demand is th e motive force of the development of virtual reality technology. in recent years, in simulation modeling, computer design, visualization in scientific computing, remote control robot fields, presents a common demand, namely the establishme nt of a more intuitive than th

3、e existing computer system input output system, c an be connected with various ship sense, more friendly interface, one can imme rse, beyond the inlet from, such as, interaction of multi-dimensional information environment. vr technology in artificial intelligence, computer graphics, interfa ce tech

4、nology, multimedia technology, network technology, parallel computation technology integration. it is a kind of effective human analogue in the natural e nvironment, listen, dynamic behaviors such as advanced machine interaction technique.virtual reality ( virtual reality vr ), is one of the most ef

5、fective human analogue in the natural environment, in listening, dynamic behaviors such as ad vanced human-computer interaction technology, is an integrated computer graphi cs technology, multimedia technology, real-time parallel computing technology, a rtificial intelligence, simulation technology

6、and other subjects developed in twent ieth century 90years generation computing machine in the field of new technolo gy. vr to simulate the way for the user to create a real-time reflect the entity object and interaction of three-dimensional image world, in the optic, listen, to uch, smell and other

7、 perceived behavioral realistic experience, so that participant s can direct exploration of virtual objects in the environment and the role of ch ange, as if place oneself in the virtual reality world, are immersed in (immersiv e), imagination(imaginative and realization of interactive i nteractive

8、).vr technology every step is around the three characteristics and the. these thre e characteristics for immersion, interaction characteristics and conception charact eristics characteristics. the three important characteristics used to distinguish adj acent technology, such as multimedia technology

9、, computer visualization technol ogy immersion feature, whereby the vr provides a virtual world, so that the us er can feel it is true in an objective world; interactive features, requires that th e user can use human familiar way, the entity in virtual environment observatio n and manipulation of c

10、oncept; concept characteristic, namely11 from qualitative and quantitative integrated environment for the perceptual and rational knowledg e, thus the concept of novelty and germination11.1 .three stages in the development of vr technologythe development of vr technology can be divided into three st

11、ages: ninete en fifties to 70 time, vr is the preparatory stage; at the beginning of the 80's to mid 80's, is a vr technology systematic, began to move out of the laborator y into practical application stage; at the end of the 80rs to early 90's, is the ra pid development of vr technolog

12、y stage.the first phase,50to 70 years, as the virtual reality the exploration stage of the united states in 1965 by morton heileg developed a motorcycle simulator called sensorama, not only has a three-dimensional video and stereo effect, ca n have a feeling of wind and streets smell 1968, american

13、computer scientist ii el sutherland at the harvard university developed the first computing machine g raphics driver helmet mounted display hmd and head position tracking system, become the vr technology history an important milepost, virtual reality develo pment laid the foundation.the second stage

14、, the early 80's to 80time metaphase, begin to form the b asic concept of vr, started by the experiment into the practical stage, an impor tant sign of which is that: in 1985 michael me greevy finished under the vie w virtual reality system, equipped with a data glove and head tracker, provides

15、gestures, language and other means of interaction, make view be be worthy of the name of the virtual reality system, later to become the development of v irtual reality system structure of other companies such as vpl have been devel oped for the generation of virtual reality rb2 software and data gl

16、ove data gl ove, for virtual reality provides development tools.the third stage, the late 80rs to early 90fs, as the virtual reality developme nt virtual reality technology from laboratory experimental stage to market a prac tical stage, on the virtual reality technology research from the basic theo

17、ry and system structure of steering application encountered specific problems. in the vir tual reality system only a variety of interactive device is not enough, must also provide basic software support environment, user can facilitate the construction of virtual environment and virtual environment

18、into the line of advanced intera ctive. in order to make the vr technology has been widely used, so it is neces sary to analyze the system of virtual reality software support environment, syste m structure, such as a dialogue system, puts forward a kind of based on event driven drive users export ma

19、nagement system ( umis ), can be in the range of communication software system structure, solves the problem of the dynamic flexibility of virtual reality, advanced software support ringenvironmental development. in order to meet the needs of virtual reality o n the computational complexity of the f

20、ew is infinite, the virtual reality system must provide sufficient flexibility and scalability. to do this, can from hardware and software two aspects to consider, in the hardware system structure, divis on in supervision system presents a basic model, the development of the relev ant parallel proce

21、ssing device and the dvs operating system, so that the virtual reality is able to develop in the round.2. research and development of vr technology in the united states of am ericathe early nineteen forties, as the virtual reality flight simulator formerly a ppeared in the united states. in 1966, th

22、e united states mit lincoln laborator y at the office of naval research funding, developed the first helmet mounted di splay ( hmd ), then the simulation of force and tactile feedback device is add ed to the system. in 1970, developed the first complete function of the hmd s ystem. since 80 time lat

23、er period, the united states of america vpl company have developed a practical helmet type three-dimensional display, can provide si x degrees of freedom of the data glove, stereo headphones and a corresponding computer software and hardware system. in the early 80, the united states da rpa ( defens

24、enadvancedresearch projects agency ) for tank fleet combat tra ining and development of a practical simnet virtual battlefield system. the si mnet system independently in each simulator can separately simulated ml tan k all the features, including navigation, weapon, sensing and display performanc e

25、 of tank unit, weapons, sensors and engine simulation is given in the operation al environment of the. dprpa plans to further expand simulation database, fro m the current 1 oooexpanded to 100000( end of 2000). the north atlantic treatyorganization ( nato ) planthe various countries gradually11 forc

26、es together in to simnet and become a virtual battlefieldn, and then the air combat simulatio n system of awsims ( air warfare simulatio n system ) and naval warfare s imulation system ( nwsims naval warfare simulation system ) and simne t. in addition, the united states nasa active vr technology wi

27、ll be applied t o the launch vehicle outer space activities, space station freedom of manipulati on of research and on harbert space repair research project. graphics and imag e processing technology and sensor technology is more than vrthe main purpo se of technology. at present, the spatial dynami

28、c and real time sex is the main focus of this technology.3. research and development of vr technology in europeresearch and development of vr in the uk. application of vr is the key to finding the right places and objects, ie, how to develop imagination and cr eativity. select the appropriate applic

29、ation object can greatly improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, improve the quality of products. in order to achieve this goal, must study the vr development tools. for example, the vr system deve lopment platform, distributed vr technology, these are directly and computer te chnology, the rapi

30、d development of multimedia technology is closely related to. in the vr development in some aspects, especially in distributed parallel proces sing, auxiliary equipment ( including tactile feedback ) design and use research in europe, britain is leading. the following is a british vr engaged in the

31、fou r main centres. the windustries ( industry group ) is located in the british lei cester, is the international vr industry leading development agency, in industrial design and visualization and other important areas occupy a space for one pers on. british aerospace bae brough division of british

32、airways are using vr te chnology to design advanced fighter cockpit, bae major development projects ( virtual vecta environment ) configurable trainingaid is a senior test platf orm, used for the study of vr technology and inspection ) with vr instead of the traditional simulator and method for pote

33、ntial vecta project rave real and virtual environment ) is a specialized in the cockpit for training pilots an d developmente dimension international, located in the south of england rs al d ermason, is a desktop vr pioneer. the company produced a series of commerci al vr software package, are calle

34、d sup erscape. sup erscape software package is mainly composed of a graphic editor, in front of the world serieseditor and visualization modules of three parts. graphics editor used to create t hree-dimensional objects, predefined pattern are placed on the world editor worl d coordinate system, visu

35、alization programs permit the user to move in the virt ual world and interact with it, by space ball and mouse commands. divi sion l td, founded in 1989, is located in bristol. the company in the development of vision, provision and supervi / sion system for modular high speed graphics e ngine, take

36、 the lead in using transputer and i860 technology. the company's so ftware is based on the client / server architecture.4. vr technology research and development in our countryour research on vr started in the early nineteen ninties, develop up to no w already has achieved initial results. some

37、domestic scientific research units su ch as tsinghua university during induction technology key laboratory, beihang university three department, china civil aviation college, zhejiang university computer simulation laboratory, air force second aviation institute, air force en gineering university an

38、d the pla information engineering university, the virtu al reality research achieved important results, in some aspects of the research h ave been close to the international advanced level.for the waves, waves, surf beach and simulation study of some foundation, foreign scholars such as peachey d, a

39、lain fournier, williamtl reeeves, beesel if, lebelond, paul hl has more thorough research to the domestic cad&cg; z hejiang university state key laboratory of national university of defense tech nology, beihang university, harbin institute of technology, also have different degrees of. these stu

40、dies are related to the sea, but the emphasis on then wave h of this specific phenomenon, and not the oceans as a whole to treat, but its t heory and method can be marine 3d landscape simulation system used by.at present, domestic engaged in the whole area simulation study is not mo re than. northwe

41、stern polytechnical university college of marine engineering ap plication of visual c + + and open gl in the high-end pc virtual ocean envir onment, the system can be more realistic simulation of the marine environment, a simple fish, marine plants.and the current voice. now the chinese academy of s

42、urveying and mappi ng is the commitment of nationaln863marine 3d" project, is expected in the3d marine simulation produced some significant results. in foreign countries, univer sity of hull, dep artment of computer science research department of the sea the study on the bed, the effect is very

43、 realistic.虚拟现实技术的发展过程及研究现状虚拟现实技术是近年来发展最快的技术它与多媒体技术、网络技术并 称为三犬前景最好的计算机技术。与其他高新技术一样，客观需求是虚拟现实技 术发展的动力。近年来，在仿真建模、计算机设计、可视化计算、遥控机器人等 领域，提出了一个共同的需求，即建立一个比现有计算机系统更为直观的输入输 出系统，成为能与各种船感器相联、更为友好的人机界面、人能沉浸其中、超越 其上、进出自如、交互作用的多维化信息坏境。vr技术是人工智能、计算机图 形学、人机接口技术、多媒体技术、网络技术、并行计算技术等多种技术的集成。 它是一种有效的模拟人在自然环境中视听、动等行为的高

44、级人机交互技术。虚拟现实(virtual reality )：是一种最有效的模拟人在自然环境中视、听、动 等行为的高级人机交互技术，是综合计算机图形技术、多媒体技术、并行实时计 算技术、人工智能、仿真技术等多种学科而发展起来的20世纪90年代计算机领 域的最新技术。vr以模拟方式为使用者创造一个实时反映实体对象变化与相互 作用的三维图像世界，在视、听、触、嗅等感知行为的逼真体验中，使参与者可 直接探索虚拟对象在所处环境中的作用和变化；仿佛置身于虚拟的现实世界中， 产生沉浸感(immersive)、想象(imaginative和实现交互性interactive)。vr技术的每一步都是圉绕这三个特

45、征而前进的。这三个特征为沉浸特征、 交互特征和构想特征。这三个重要特征用以区别相邻近的技术，如多媒体技术、 计算机可视化技术沉浸特征，即在vr提供的虚拟世界中，使用户能感觉到是真 实的进入了一个客观批界；交互特征，要求用户能用人类熟悉的方式对虚拟环境 中的实体进行观察和操纵；构想特征：即“从定性和定量综合集成环境中得到感 性和理性的认识：从而化概念和萌发新意”。1. vr技术发展的三个阶段vr技术的发展大致可分为三个阶段：20世纪50年代至70年代vr技术的 准备阶段；80年代初80年代中期，是vr技术系统化、开始走出实验室进入实 际应用的阶段；80年代末至90年代初，是vr技术迅猛发展的阶段

46、。第一阶段：5070年代，为虚拟现实的探索阶段1965年由美国morton heileg 开发了一个称sensorama的摩托车仿真器，不仅具有三维视频及立体声效果，还 能产生风吹的感觉和街道气1968年，美国计算机科学家i1e1 sutherland在哈佛大 学组织开发了第一个计算机图形驱动的头盔显示器hmd及头部位置跟踪系统， 成为vr技术发展史上的一个重要里程碑，为虚拟现实的发展奠定了基础。第二阶段：80年代初至80年代中期，开始形成vr技术的基本概念，开始 由实验进入实用阶段，其重要标志是:1985年在michael mcgreevy领导下完成 view虚拟现实系统，装备了数据手套和头

47、部跟踪器,提供了手势、语言等交互手 段，使view成为名副其实的虚拟现实系统，成为后来开发虚拟现实的体系结构其 他如vpl公司开发了用于生成虚拟现实rb2软件和data glove数据手套，为虚 拟现实提供了开发工具。第三阶段：80年代末至90年代初，为虚拟现实全面发展阶段虚拟现实技术 已经从实验室的试验阶段走向了市场的实用阶段：对虚拟现实技术的研究也从基 木理论和系统构成的研究转向应用过程中所遇到的具体问题的探讨。在虚拟现实 系统中只有各种交互设备还不够，还必须提供基本的软件支撑环境，用户能方便 地构造虚拟环境并与虚拟环境进行高级交互。为了使vr技术得到广泛应用，很 有必要分析虚拟现实系统软

48、件支撑环境体系结构，例如dialogue系统，提出了一种 通过基于事件驱动的中驱用户接口管理系统(umis),能进行多进程通讯的软件 体系结构，解决了虚拟现实的动态灵活性问题，推进了软件支撑环境的发展。为 了满足虚拟现实对计算复杂性的儿是无限的要求，虚拟现实系统必须提供足够强 的灵活性及可扩充性。要做到这一点，可以从软件与硬件两方而来考虑，在硬件 体系结构方面，diviso公司在supervision系统屮提出了一种基本的并行模型， 开发了相关的并行处理器件和dvs操作系统，使虚拟现实得以全面发展。2. vr技术在美国的研究开发20世纪40年代初，作为虚拟现实前身的飞行仿真器在美国出现。196

49、6年， 美国mit林肯实验室在海军科研办公室的资助下，研制岀了第一个头盔式显示器 (hmd),随后又将模拟力和触觉的反馈装置加入到系统中。1970年，研制出了 第一个功能较齐全的hmd系统。自80年代后期起，美国vpl公司陆续研制出 较实用的头盔式三维显示器、能提供六个自由度的数据手套、立体声耳机及相应 的计算机软硬件系统。80年代初，美国的darpa（defensen advanced research projects agency）为坦克编队作战训练开发了一个实用的虚simneto simnet系 统中的每个独立的模拟器都能单独模拟ml坦克的全部特性，包括导航、武器、传 感和显示等性能，对坦克装置上的武器、传感器和发动机等的模拟是在特定的作战 环境下进行的。dprpa计划进一步扩大仿真数据库，从目前的1000个对象扩大 100000个（2000年前完成。北大西洋公约组织（nato）计划把各个不同国家的兵力 逐步“汇集入simnet而成为一个虚拟战场”,然后把空战仿真系统awsims -（air warfare simulation system ）和海战仿真系统（nwsims na