哈尔滨工业大学空气动力学自编教材01第1章绪论及基础知识航院

1、1第一章第一章 绪论及基本概念、知识绪论及基本概念、知识空空 气气 动动 力力 学学授课教师：授课教师：陈浮陈浮哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨工业大学 能源科学与工程学院能源科学与工程学院推进理论与技术研究所推进理论与技术研究所23422vpconstlvcanda 0ddt56nv11v a 21vv120shdm vv78910prt111213141516dvprdt22vpconst11211231112123yxxxxzxyyyyxzyvdvvvvvprvdtxxxyyxzzxdvvvvvvprvdtxyxyyyzz1111223yxzzzzzyvvdvvvvprvdtxzxyyzzzz17

2、0,0uuau xf xtx1121nnnnjjnnjjjjnnnjjjuuuuuutotottttuuuoxxx11110,0nnnnnnnnjjjjjjjjjjtuuauuuuuuaotxxtxuf 181922vpgzconstdvprdt0vt222sin0.5pppcv22222220uuuuxyz2020v 20dvprdt21lv222324a 或ala39301010acmcm250, , ,limmdmx y z tdmd 260limppdpkd 211111dddpakdpddp 2dvdmavyt(y+ y)xyt(y)qy yyyqdtqsdy qt 27fdvsdy

3、dtgddvdtdtdyddtdvvdy dtdyvdtddy t yfhv(y)abxvff28brm或00, , ,limlimbbbxyzmrrdrr x y z tr ir jr kmd rdrdbbdrr, , ,r x y z tgk zxykdbdrg npnnpnp0, , ,limnnsppx y z ts nnpnnp dsp dsdvdynpnnpnp0dv dy 0npnnpp n29prt, ,t p, ,u h s, ,0pp tuu tf t p, q w uu t hupu trth t11qdupdqdhdp21212121ttconsttppppptp co

4、nstqducduc dtuc dtc tucttdtdtqdhcdhc dthc dtc thctttdt 3011ppvpvvpvkrppchudhdudc dtc dtrdtccrkrckcck5321.4722vpcrurtrtkcr 2222exp32exp1312exp111exp312exp1vevevvevvveppvvevevevetttcrrrtttcctrturtrtcctcttkkk trtttttt nononneooenonoe31revqdst21122211111lnln111lnlnvvppqdsdtdtdsdupdcrscrttttqdupdqcdstpdp

5、dpdsdhdtrscrtttptpqdhdp 1111212222221211111111222222221111111110lnlnlnlnlnln10lnlnlnlnlnln1kkvvkkkkppkctttttcrtrtktttctpptttptkpcrconsttpprtkttpt0ds 111lnlnlnlnkkkkkkvpvsctcctpccpcrtpc32rrcossinsincoslnadna212qv/2wldmpfldmppldmcccccq sq sq slqqldmcccq cq cq c33zxyaobdaadac, ,a x y zxiyjzkaaadadxdydz

6、xyzdadxidyjdzkaxixiyjzkixixxxxjikr xyor=constr+dr=const =const +d =constd eeererered, ,rza rzrezerzdadrerd edzerrzrrrrzrrzaaadadrddzrzearrezeererrrrearrezeerredadrerd edzedarreeee z34renrrdrdrdn1drpp1q =const + d =constijkijkxyzxyzijkxyz ddxdydzidxjdykdzijkxyzxyzddr110ddrdrconst等势面cos ,cosrrddre dr

7、nddnendrdn nn + d =const间最小距离间最小距离rrdddre dredr 1rzrzddrdrerd edzeeeerrzddrddzrz 35vvvvijkvijkxyzxyzyxzyxzyxzijkvvvixxxvvvvjyyyvvvkzzzxyzyxzyxzyxzivjvkvvvvvijkxxxxxvvvvijkyyyyvvvvijkzzzzvdsa11()()2211()()2211()()2210(2yxxxzyxzyyyyxxzzyyxxzzzzyvvvvvvvvxxyxzxxxvvvvvvvvyyyyxyyzvvvvvvvvzzzzxzyzvx1)()211

8、()0()2211()()022xxzyyxzyxzzvvvyxzvvvvyxyzvvvvzxzy360limsa ndsa dsn vvdsn0001111lim1limlimstssv t ndsdddv ndsdtdttv ndsdvdt vds nyyzxzxvvvvvvyzzxxyxyzijkvijkxyzvvv aalndav ndav dr 37sssn dsdn adsadnadsad a2222222xyz n222221111rzrzrrrrrrrzeeeeeerrzrrzeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrzrrr 2222222221111,111zrrrreerrzzrr

9、rrrz2vvvv 383921212111212111, , , , ,x y z tx y z txxyyxyzzttzt高阶项212121212121212121212121limlimlimlimttttttttxxyyzzttxttyttzttt21212121lim12ttddttttt 点与 点趋向重合212121212121212121limlimlimxyzttttttxxyyzzvvvttttttxyzdvvvvdtxyzttdvdtttv vvtvvt40, , ,ix y z t d22idivdviedirv d (t) (t+ t)ss2nv t 3s1ndadav t 2 1 3100limlimtttttittitittittdi ti tti tdddtdttttt 12123313ttt 0limtttittitddttt 31112000limlimlimsssttttv ndaittittv ndav nda