非谓语动词语法讲解学生版

1、非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语；当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了；非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing ：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成；三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doinging形被动主动to be donedoingto have been donehaving done式被动being donehaving b

2、eendone过去分被动done词四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never.即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing形式的复合结构：宾格或全部格+doing -ing形式作主语时，用的全部格doing1六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式；方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的规律主语；方法：非谓语动词的规律主语一般是句子的主语；3、判定主被动关系；方法：非谓语动词与其规律主语的主动仍是被动关系；4、判定时间关系

3、；方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后仍是同时；之前常用 done;之后常用to do;同经常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些；七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、详细的动词；动词 ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作；如： is a good form of exercise for both young and old.a. the walk b. walking c. to walk d. walkb. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，即用句型：it is

4、 + adj. / n. + for / of sb. to dosth.it s important for us to learn english well. it s kind of you to help us.留意：下面几个句型是用动名词：it s no good / use doing sth. it s useless doing sth.there is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，. 表示主语的内容；如：my job is teaching / to teach english. teaching / to

5、 teach english是 my job的内容 knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表语要用同一种形式）22、 分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、心情的动词，常用分词形式作表语；现在分词表示主语的性质特点，用过去分词表示主语的状态；常用动词：surprise 使某人惊讶 ， surprising 令人惊讶 ， surprised 主语 感到吃 惊）类似动词有：excite 兴奋 ， astonish 诧异 ， shock 震动 ， scare 惊恐 ，disappoint 扫兴 ， move（感动），如： the movi

6、e is exciting. we are excited at the news.3 、 在 seem / appear 似乎，似乎 ， prove/ turn out 被证明是 ， remain 仍旧是，尚待 等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语；如：he seemed to be very happy.非谓语动词十大解题原就非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed 三种形式，可是其用法特别广泛，它不仅是高考单项挑选题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读懂得、短文改错的重要考查内容；为了能更好地把握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条有用的解题原就，并且仍用相关的题目来说明这些

7、原就；依据这些原就，信任同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词；原就一、两个句子必需要用连词连接，假如没有连词连接，就需要用非谓语动词例 1. many times, but he still couldnt understand it.a. having been told b. having toldc. he had been told d. though he had been told例 2 many times, he still couldnt understand it.a. having been told b. having toldc. he had been told d. t

8、hough he had told原就二、不及物动词无-ed 形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing 形式，无宾语时用-ed 形式 例 3. in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.a. having lost b. lost c. being lost d. losing例 4. , i really believe that id prefer not to make any change now.a. considered all the possibil

9、itiesb. taking all the possibilities into consideration3c. taken all the possibilities into considerationd. giving all the possibilities原就三、 being done 表示 “正在被 ”，一般不作状语，只作定语；非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done 或 having done 强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例 5. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.a. fail b. fai

10、led c. to fail d. having failed例 6. tim bemers-lee is generally considered the world wide web, on which all the information is shared by all.a. to have founded b. having foundedc. founding d. to found原就四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing ，表示已经完成用-ed例 7. the play next month aims mainly to reflect the

11、local culture a produced b being producedc to be produced d having been produced例 8.the trees in the storm have been moved off the road.a. being blown down b. blown downc. blowing down d. to blow down原就五、介词后跟-ing 形式，可以在-ing 前加规律主语例 9. the discovery of new evidence led to .a. the thief having been ca

12、ught b. the thief to be caughtc. catch the thief d. the thief being caught例 10. at the beginning of class, the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom.a. opened and closed b. to be opened and closedc. being opened and closed d. to open and close4原就六、 -ing 形式或 to do 可作主语或宾语，-ed 形式就不行以例 11

13、. in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.a. caught b. having caught c. being caught d. to catch例 12 twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in thiscity.a. examining b. examinedc. being examined d. having been examined原就七、 be+-e

14、d+介词结构常可把be 去掉保留 -ed+介词做状语例 13michaels new house is like a huge palace, with his old one.a. comparing b. compares c. to compare d. compared例 14 with a difficult situation, arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.a. to face b. having faced c. faced d. facing原就八、非谓语动词作状语，其规律主语必需和句子主语保持一样，和句子主语构成主谓关系

15、时用-ing 形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed 形式；其规律主语和句子主语不一样时，要在非谓语动词前加规律主语，构成独立主格结构例 15 twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.a. being bitten b. bitten c. having bitten d. to be bitten例 16. in the fields on a march afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.a. to walk. b. walking

16、 c. walked d. having walked例 17. while watching television, .a. the doorbell rang b. the doorbell ringsc. we heard the doorbell ring d. we heard the doorbell rings例 18. the children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day.a. finishing b. finished c. had finished d. were finished

17、5原就九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing 形式）；另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示缘由例 19 , you need to give all you have and try your best.a. being a winner b. to be a winnerc. be a winner d. having been a winner例 20. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.a. to tell

18、b. to be told c. telling d. told例 21. the glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, in the natural light during the day.a. to let b. letting c. let d. having let例 22.how glad i am you.a. seeing b. to see c. saw d. having seen原就十、非谓语动词的否定原就是在非谓语动词前加not，有 not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done 几种形式例 23 that he was in great danger, eric walked deeper into the forest.a. not realized b. not to realizec.