浅谈定语从句考点及解题方法

1、浅谈定语从句考点及解题方法四川省遂宁高级实验学校敖英华（联系电话定语从句是高中语法教学的重难点之一，是学生们较难学的语法知识之一，也 是高考英语试题中的常客。常见的定语从句考点有以下几种：考点一、考引导词。1 the reasonhe explained to the teacher is not reasonable*a why b which c what d for which解题分析:此题学生们容易选到a项，但仔细分析题干，我们不难发现：先行 词在从句中作宾语，因此正确答案应为b。做此类题时，学生容易思维定势，即只看先行词，不分析句子，这往往导致错 误的选择。

2、解决这一问题的关键便是：其一，既要看先行词又要看其在从句中所 作的成分。关系词在定语从句中所作的成分如下表：引导词先行词在从句中所作成 分例句that人、物主、宾thereisnodifficulty that we can，t overcome.which物主.宾1 > hangzhou , which we visited last year , is one of the most beautiful cities in china.2> his dog , which was now very old , became very ill and died*who人主、宾an

3、yone ， who breaks the law， shouldbepunishedewhom人宾we，d better not believe in anyone whom we doift know.whose人、物定the room whose window faces the parkismybedroom.when时间状fll never forgetthe day when i livedinchongqing.where地点状i visited the place where the famous war took place.why原因状the reason why he w

4、as late is that the traffic was busy.又女口： i work in a businessalmost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（2004、湖南）a how b which c where d that解题分析:首先，此题的先行词为地点，其次，在从句中，句子的主谓宾都有 缺少状语，因此此题的答案为c。其二，分析先行词及其前的修饰语。1、当先行词前有序数词、形容词最高级、all、every> no、some、any、little、 much、the only、the very> the right

5、、the last、few、just 等词修饰时，用 that 引导如:the first text that we are to learn is very difficult.2、当先行词是不定代词或当先行词中既有人又有物时或当主句是以who或 which开始的特殊疑问句时，用that引导。如：who is the boy that was here just now?we know nothing about the doctor and the hospitals that you are thinking about. i'm interested in everything

6、 that i don't know.3、当先行词前有the same或such修饰，先行词与关系代词指同类物时，用as； 如先行词与关系代词指同一物时，用thato如：the pen you are using is the same （pen） as i havethis is the same pen that i used yesterday.考点二、考“介词+引导词”。1> culture refers to a group or communitywe share common experiencesthat shape the way we understand t

7、he world.（英语周报第 22 期）a、with whichthat c、which d、what2> there are two buildings,stands nearly a hundred feet high>（2004>湖北）a> the largerthe larger of them c、the larger one thatd> the larger of which解题分析:引导词前的介词的选择对学生来说是一大难点。那么，如何进行选 择，方法有二：第一，看其是否与定语从句中的谓语动词搭配；第二，看其是 否与先行词搭配。例1句中明显有一个动

8、词短语share with,所以答案应该是a。 例二中，“两者中较大的那一座”与两座建筑物是所属关系，所以答案应选d。考点三、区分定语从句与强调句。1 it was with great joyhe received the news that his lost daughter had beenfound.（2004 福建）a because b which c since d that2 it was not until darkhe foundhe thought was the correct way to solvethe problem.（2005 英语周报 unit14）a th

9、at,what b that,thatc when,thatd when,what解题分析:做这类题关键是要把握住：定语从句与先行词的修饰与被修饰之间 的关系是密不可分的，且可翻译成“的冬而强调句的强调部分则可以还原。因此，上文两道题的答案分别为：d > a试区别:1> it was four o，clock in the afternoon when he and his grandpa reached the museum in guanghan，where an official warmly received them>（sefc book2b.unit20）（定从）

10、2> it was at four o，clock in the afternoon that he and his grandpa reached the museum in guanghan， （强调句）1> it was the place where he finished his university. （定从）2、it was in the place that he finished his university.（强调句）考点四、区分定语从句与状语从句i，ve come to the pointi can't stand her arguing any lo

11、nger.（2005 英语周报 unit 11）a why b which c that d wherethe famous scientist grew uphe was born and in 1930 he came toshanghai.（2002.上海春招）a when b whenever c where d wherever解题分析:一般说来，定语从句起定语的作用，因此它修饰名词，也就是说， 定语从句有先行词；而状语从句起状语的作用，修饰动词，也就是说，它前无 先行词。因此，上文两题的答案为：d c考点五、区分定语从句与同位语从句word camenapoleon would c

12、ome to inspect the army.awhatbthatcwhichd asthe newshe brought made us all very sad.awhatbthatcas dwhen解题分析:这两道题的答案虽然都是b,但两个句子却不同。第一个句子是同 位语从句而第二个是定语从句。同位语从句是对其所修饰的名词进行解释和补 充；定语从句对先行词进行限制、修饰。that作为关系代词引导定语从句，在 从句中可作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略；而引导同位语从句时，起 引导作用，没有实际意义，也不作句子的任何成分，不能省略。考点六、区分as与which1> is repo

13、rted in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress. （2004.北京）a、it b> as c> that d、what2> helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,of course ,made the others envy him. （2004> 天津）a . who b* that c. what d> which解题分析：1as和which都可用来代替整个主句或主句中的部分

14、内容，有时两者可以换用。如:the meeting was put off, which/as was exactly what we wanted2 as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之中或之后，which引导的从句只能放在主 句之后。且as有“正如”的含义，which没有如:all that glitters is not gold , as everyone knows.he was thrown into prison, which got around throughout our village.3当从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，一般用which而不用as.she didn，t pass

15、 the exam，which is not what we expect.4 当从句谓语动词是 be announced/expected/known/imagined/pointed out/said/reported/shown 等被动形式时或 usually happen，be often the case 等表 示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时，常用asthe chinese are working hard，as is known to allkate was late for school，as often happened*因此，上文两题答案应为：b、d考点七、考定语从句中的特殊

16、情况1、can you think out a situationthis word can be used?a why b when c which d where2> pve come to the pointi can stand her arguing any longer.（2005 英语周报 unit 11）a why b which c that d where3、in a sports team each player has a clear role , and there are few occasionsmemebers are confused or uncert

17、ain of their roles.awhere b when c which d that4>in the occasionthere are many people , doift speak or laugh loudly.awhere b when c which d that5>what surprised me was not what he said buthe said it（2004.湖北）a the way b in the way that c in the wayd the way which解题分析:1、当先行词是way时，其引导词可以是that, in which或者不用 引导词。2、