初中过去完成时讲解练习及答案

1、学习必备欢迎下载过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念： 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ） ” ；-|- |-|->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词 ”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称；确定式： had + 动词的过去分词否定式： hadn't + 动词的过去分词疑问式： had+动词的过去分词简略回答 : yes,主+ have/has had.no,主 + had 现在完成时的用法they had already had breakfast before th

2、ey arrived at the hotel. she had finished writing the composition by 10： 00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判定依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语；与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by +过去的时间点；如：i had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（ 2 ） by the end of +过去的时间点；如：we had learned over two thousand english

3、words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点；如：they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去 ”来判定；过去完成时表示“过去的过去 ”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时；这种用法常显现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时；在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句；如

4、：she said that she had seen the film before.（ 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、缘由、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前学习必备欢迎下载的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时；如： when i got to the station, the train had already left. after he had finished his homework, he went to bed.留意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，如主、从句表示的动

5、作紧密相连，就主、从句都用一般过去时；如：where did you study before you came here. after he closed the door, he left the classroom.（ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示 " 原本，未能"we had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3. 依据上、下文来判定；i met wang tao in the street y

6、esterday. we hadn't seen each other since he went to beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或终止，即发生在 “过去的过去 ”；如：when i woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了；（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它；如：he told me that he had written a new book. had wr

7、itten发生在told 之前3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在； 此时多与already ， yet ， still， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及by， before ， until等引导的短语或从句连用；如： before she came to china, grace had taught english in a middle school for about five years.peter had collected more than 300 chinese stamps by the time he w

8、as ten.4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开头，始终连续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未终止，仍旧有连续下去的可能；如： by the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.（ had worked已有了20 年，仍有连续进行下去的可能） 5.用在特定的句型中：no soonerthan , it was the first timeit was the first time he had been to beijing.no sooner had he arrived at the

9、airport than the plane took off.以下情形一般不能用过去完成时 以下三种情形不用过去完成时：1、句中如yesterday , last year , in 1986 , three days ago等明确地表示过去时间的状语，谓语动词必需用一般过去时；例如：peter didnt play football yesterday .（ 彼得昨天没有踢足球； ）2、在表达两件以上的大事时，假如大事之间连接地很紧凑的一系列的动作，一般仍用一学习必备欢迎下载般过去时而不用过去完成时；例如：they decided to stay here , and so they bu

10、ilt their houses and made their farms .（ 他们打算呆在这儿，所以他们建了房子，开垦了农场；）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区分现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为 “助动词have has + 过去分词 ”；过去完成时就是一个相对的时态，它所表示 的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调 “过去的过去 ”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到 它；试比较：i have learned 1000 english words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词；i had learned 1000

11、 english words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词； i'm sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了； oh, not at all. i have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟；（ “等 ”的动作从过去某一时间点连续到现在） john returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的； where had he been.他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去 ”）五、过去完成

12、时与一般过去时的区分虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应留意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去 ”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间；试比较：they had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. they arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判定：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的就用一般过去时；如：she was very happy. her whole family

13、were pleased with her, too. she had justwon the first in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或 but 连接时， 按时间次序， 只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时；如：he entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. i had calle

14、d her before i left the office.重点英语中， 已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作，为什么仍有过去完成时呢？要记住： 过去完成时的关键概念是：假设在过去发生了两件 或以上 的大事， 一件是 a 大事，另一件是b 大事，假如a 、b 两个大事几乎是同时发生的，那就用一般过去时；但是，如学习必备欢迎下载果 a 、b 两个大事不是同时发生的，怎么办呢？那就是：哪个大事先发生，就用过去完成时；哪个大事后发生，就用过去完成时；例 1 she said that she had never been to paris.例 2 when the police arrive

15、d, the thieves had run away.例 3 we had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.例 4 tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.例 5the students were writing, busily when miss brown went to get a book she had left in the office.在上面的五个例子中，我们只要略微分析一下，就可以发觉：每个

16、例子表达的内容中，都包含着两个 或以上 在过去发生的大事；我们将两件事抽取出来看一下，就特别明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后发生的：例 1saidhad never been to 先没有 “去”，后 “说”例 2arrivedhad run away. 先“跑”了，后 “到”例 3had hopedwould comedidn't 先“期望 ”，后才发生 “没去 ”例 4was disappointedhad leftarrive先d “离开 ”，后 “到达 ”和“扫兴 ”例 5were writingwenthad left 先“离开 ”，后 “到”和 “写”难点例 1 by

17、 the time he was twelve, edison had began to make a living by himself.所以，在那么多表示时间状语的词中，大家要特殊留意by 、假如显现 by时间状语，很有可能要用过去完成时了；类似的时间表达方式仍有until 、before 等；1.-what are mr and mrs black doing .-they tea in the garden.a. are drinkingb. drankc. have drunkd. drink 2.we the work by six yesterday evening.a. fin

18、ishedb.would finishc. had finishedd. had been finished3. soon wu dong up with li lei, then they were neck and neck.a. taughtb. caughtc. boughtd. brought4. tom the cd player for two weeks.a. has lentb. has borrowedc. has boughtd. has had5. we to the park if it is fine tomorrow.学习必备欢迎下载a. will gob. ha

19、ve gonec. go6. - how about going hiking this weekend.- sorry, i prefer rather than .a. to stay at home, go outb. to go out, stay at homec. staying at home, go outd. going out, stay at home7. a policeman saw two thieves a girl's mobile phone on the bus and he caught them at once.a. to stealb. ste

20、alingc. stoled. stolen8. when jack arrived he learned mary for almost an hour.a. had goneb. had set ofc. had leftd. had been away9. the chinese pingpong players will join in the match.let's them success.a. wishb.to wishc.hoped.to hope10. -who the computer. i want to use it.-timmy. he it for a we

21、ek.a. borrowed, has borrowedb.has borrowed, boughtc. has borrowed, has keptd.had borrowed, kept 11.that dinner was the most expensive meal we .a. would haveb. have hadc. had never hadd. had ever had12. you'd better smoking. it's bad for your health.a. eat upb.give upc.come upd.get up13. -how

22、 do you like this book.-i think it has nothing to with our study.a. makeb.doc.taked.hold14. -where is mr brown. i have some questions to ask him.-he the office.a. has been tob.has been inc.has gone tod.has gone in学习必备欢迎下载15. mrs. wu told me that her sister .a. left about two hours beforeb. would lea

23、ve about two hours beforec. has left about two hours agod. had left about two hours before16. it so happened that they the novel before.a. had readb. would readc. were readingd. read17. she for nearly two hours.a. kept talkingb. kept to talkc. has kept talkingd. kept to talking 10the job proved to b

24、e much more difficult than i .a. expectb.expectedc. would expectd.had expected18. spring after winter.a. comesb. camec. has comed. had come 19.-i hear some noise in the next room.-oh, yes. your sister there.a. criesb. is cryingc. criedd. was crying 11we couldnt catch up with the others because they too long before us.a.startedb.were startingc.have startedd.had started20. all the students to plant trees and there's nobody in the classroom.a. gob. will goc. have goned. wound go 6when i reached home, my parents thei