初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案2

1、被动语态一、 考点、热点回忆【词汇辨析】1. across, through穿过across 指从肯定范畴的一边到另一边；动作是在物体的表面进行；常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等； eg:they walk across the bridge.他们步行走过了这座桥；through侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行；常用于门、窗户、森林等；eg:he walks through the park.他步行穿过公园；2. ill ， sick “生病的 ”；ill 只在系动词后作表语eg: her mother was ill in bed.sick既可作表语eg: her mother

2、 was sick in bed.也可作定语eg: jane is taking care of her sick mother.如 ill 作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的 ”eg:an ill person 一个坏人sick 作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“eg:the boy always feels sick when he travels by car.【固定搭配】动词 + 名词 / 代词 / 副词 + 介词make room for给.腾出地方eg: we can make room for her at this table. play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg: w

3、e cant play a joke on law.speak highly of赞扬eg: the customs speak highly of their quality of service. say good bye to 辞别；告别eg: i don't want to say good bye to them.take an active part in积极参与eg: they take an active part in school activities.take care of照管；照管；留意eg: could you take care of my plants

4、while i'm on vacation.【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的；英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态；主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；例如： many people speak chinese.谓语： speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的；被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者，即行为动作的对象；例如： chinese is spoken by many people.主语 english 是动词 speak 的承担者；（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由 “助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成； 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的

5、变化表现出来的；现以speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成；一般现在时： am is are spoken 一般过去时： was were spoken 一般将来时： will shall be spoken现在进行时： am is are being spoken1过去进行时： was/were being spoken 现在完成时： have has beenspoken 过去完成时： had been + spoken（三）被动语态的用法（ 1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁；例如： some new computers were stolen last night.一些新

6、电脑在昨晚被盗了；（不知道是谁偷的）this bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥竣工于1981 年；（ 2）强调动作的承担者，而不强调动作的执行者；例如： the glass was broken by mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的；this book was written by him. 这本书是他写的；your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必需准时完成；（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（ 1）把主动语态的宾语 变为被动语态的主语 ；（ 2）把谓语 变成被动结构（be过去分词 ） （依据被动语态句子里的主语的

7、人称和数，以及原先主动语态句子中动词的时态来打算be 的形式）；（ 3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格；例如：all the peoplelaughed at him . he was laughed at by all people .they make the bikes in the factory. the bikes are made by them in the factory. he cut down a tree .a tree was cut down by him .（五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词 be

8、过去分词 ”构成we can repair this watch in two days.this watch can be repaired in two days. they should do it at once.it should be done at once.（六）特别情形1. he made the boy work for two hours yesterday. the boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2. mother never lets me watch tv . i am never let t

9、o watch tv by mother.3. jack gave peter a christmas present just now.（ 1）a christmas present was given to peter by jack just now.（ 2）peter was given a christmas present by jack just now.常见的句型结构：it is was agreed believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that. .大家同意（信任、打算、期望、认为）. it is was well known that.众所周知i

10、t is was taken for granted that.被视为当然 it must be remembered that.务必记住 .2it mustn t be forgotten tha.t.千万别遗忘 .it is was said reported ，heard ， told ， suggested that .据说 报道、听说、告知、建议.二、典型例题（）1 the olympic games every four years.a are heldb were heldc are holdingd will ho1d（）2. in the art show ， a lot o

11、f enjoyment _to foreign friends by the chinese paintings a is givingb is givenc will gived has given（） 3. today chinese is becoming more and more popular. it in. many schools around the world.a. teachesb. is teachingc. has taughtd. is taught（）4. ba jin, one of the greatest writers in china, as "

12、;people's writer".a. is regardedb. has regardedc. is regardingd. regards（）5. usually computers to search the internet.a. useb. are usingc. are usedd. used（）6. -do you often clean your classroom.-yes. our classroom every day.a. cleanb. cleansc. is cleaned（）7.一 did you hear that water in tai

13、lake smelt terrible.一 yes in fact ， it .that's all because of the people and the factories around a pollutedb was pollutedc has pollutedd was po11ute（）8. -our environment is getting worse than before.-you're right.but thanks to earth day , people have done more and more useful things toprote

14、ct 爱护 the earth since earth day.a. is startedb. was startedc. has started（）9. -i feel very happy that i to be the host.-congratulations.a. chooseb. am chosenc. was chosend. haven chosen（）10. many trees and flowers in our school last year ，and they made our school a beautiful garden a plantb plantedc

15、have plantedd were planted（）11. some famous paintings in the hall next week.a. will showb. were shownc. is shownd. will be shown（）12. a talk on developments in science and technologyin the school hall next week .a. givenb. will be givenc. has been givend. gives（）13.-great changes have taken place in

16、 this city.-right. many modern tall buildings have been these days.a. turned upb. put upc. shown upd. fixed up3（）14.twelve-year-olds should notto drive in china.a. allowb. be allowc. allowedd. be allowed（）15. do you often clean your classroom.yes, our classroom every day.a. cleanb. cleansc. is clean

17、edd. cleaned三、课后练习（）1 susan, why are you still here. they are all ready to start. i m sorry,t bi u when to meet.a. don t tellb. didn t tellc. haven t toldd. wasn t told（）2 many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear.a. pull downb. will be pulled downc. will pull do

18、wnd. are pulled down（）3 - my watch .- don t worry. let s go to the lost & found.a. is lostb. is brokenc. has foundd. has stopped（）4 -did you go to sams weekend party.-no, i .a. am not invitedb. wasn t invitedc. haven t invitedd. didn t invite（）5 - how often your school sports meeting .- once a y

19、ear.a. does; holdb. was; holdc. is; heldd. did; hold（）6 on may 30th, , one bowl in the ming dynasty 明朝 at the price of 30.36 million hong kong dollars.a. sellb. soldc. is soldd. was sold（）7 the "thousand- hand guanyin" by many people as the best performance at cctv's spring festival ev

20、ening.a. has been regardedb . are regardedc. has regardedd. regards（）8 those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. yes, they in hangzhou.a. paintedb. were paintingc. were paintedd. had painted（）9 -dont litter the ground, boy ,look at the sign:“rubinbtioshthe dustbin.”-sorry.a, has throwb,was

21、throwc,must throwd, must be thrown（）10 the 29th 0lympic games in beijing in 2021a will holdb will be heldchold（）11. the girl was often heardhappily in her room.4a. singb. to singc. singingd. sings（）12. it is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term.a. will be builtb.

22、was builtc. has builtd. will build（）13. it is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term.a. will be builtb. was builtc. has builtd. will build（）14. the sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.a. is takenb. was takenc. takesd. took（）15. -it s difficult for the villa

23、ge children to cross the river for school.-i think a bridge over the river.a. was builtb. is being builtc. has been builtd. should be built（）16. -david, turn off the tv no one is watching it.-but it off already. the music is from the radio.a. so that, has been turnedb. when, has turnedc. if, has bee

24、n turnedd. because, has turned（）17. usually johnto school in his fathers beautiful car.a. has takenb. is takingc. is takend. has been taken（）18. don t put off todays work for tomorrow. i mean, todays work today.a. may dob. must doc. may be doned. must be done（）19.-look, what an old palace. it looks

25、so great.-yeah, it nearly 800 years ago.a. was buildingb. was builtc. has builtd. is built（）20. don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you to do so.a. askb. are askedc. will askd. will be asked5典型例题 一般现在时1a ； 解析 考查被动语态，依据句意，“奥运会每四年举办一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了 b 、c、d；2 答案 b ；解析 此题考查被动语态，句中a

26、lot of enjoyment 是动作的承担者； “在这次艺术展中，一些好玩的东西通过中国国画展现给外国伴侣；”3 答案 d ；解析 考查被动语态；物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态；4 答案 a ；解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位宏大作家的热爱；5 答案 c ； 解析 从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承担者，所以用被动语态，应选c；6. 答案 c； 解析 考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态；一般过去时1 答案 b ；考查被动语态；物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性，不能用被

27、动语态；2 答案 b ； 解析 从句意：“自从 地球日 开头以来， 人们已做了一些越来越有用的事爱护环境；”可知，“地球日”的开头，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started 应选 b；3. we into five groups to go to the old people's home. we did many things to cheer them up. 太原市a. dividedb. are dividedc. were divided3 答案 c ；解析 此题主要考查被动语态的用法；依据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式；由后一句 "we

28、did many things ”可推断，时态应当是一般过去时；因此选c；4c5d一般将来过去1 答案 d ；解析 此题综合考查时态和语态；主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承担者，故 应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以d 项正确；2b答案 b答案： d ；情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；答案为 c；句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态；【参考答案】1答案 d 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面；强调动作发生在过去，i 和 tell 之间是被动关系

29、；2答案 b 解析：由题干时间next year科学问将来时态，句子主语是old houses , 应用被动语态；应选b ；3答案 a 解析：由let s gtoo the lost & found. 可知，说明表丢失了；应选4答案 b 解析：由did you go to sam s weekend p可a知rty陈. 述过去的动作的发生，i 和 invite 之 间存在着被动关系；应选b；5答案 c 解析： how often+ 一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次 ”；往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually,

30、once a month, sometimes, every fiveminutes. 等提问， 常用于现在时或过去时；由题干 your school sports meeting作主语， 谓语应用被动语态；应选 c；6答案 d 解析：由on may 30th, , 可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl 与 sell 存在被动关系；7答案 a 解析：依据题意：“千手观音 ” 被很多人认为是中心电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目；表示6过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时；其主语是the "thousand- hand guanyin" ，要

31、用被动语态；应选a ；8答案 c 解析： they 指代 those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态；依据结构，应选c.；9答案 d 解析：依据句意：垃圾必需扔进垃圾箱里；表示“命令 ”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态；10答案 b 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态；由in 2021 可知是将来时，运动会应当是“被举办 ”，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+ 过去分词；11 选 b；考查使役动词的被动语态；在主动语态中heard 后用省略to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to 需补上；由关键信息was often h

32、eard 可直接肯定正确答案为b；12 选 a ；考查一般将来时的被动语态；由关键信息in the next term 可知要用一般将来时，先排除b、c二项；另结合题意 “据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态， 故舍 d 选 a ；13 选 a14 选 b ；由时间状语yesterday 可知此题要用一般过去时，先排除a 、c 二项；另依据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态，故舍d 选 b ；15 选 d16 选 c；考查现在完成时的被动语态；结合题意“假如没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“the music is f

33、rom the radio.动语态，故正确答案为c；17 选 c可知”“（电视）已经关掉了”，要用现在完成时的被18 选 d ；考查含情态动词的被动语态；由题意“今日的工作必需在今日被做完”可知此题要用被动语态，先排除 a 、b 二项；结合题意可舍c 选 d；19 选 b ；考查一般过去时的被动语态；由时间状语nearly 800 years ago 可知要用一般过去时，先排除 c、d 二项；另结合题意“它（古老的宫殿）在近800 年前被建造的”可舍 a 选 b ；20 选 b二、典型例题（）1 the olympic games every four years.a are heldb we

34、re heldc are holdingd will ho1d（）2. in the art show ， a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the chinese paintings a is givingb is givenc will gived has given（） 3. today chinese is becoming more and more popular. it in. many schools around the world.a. teachesb. is teachingc. has taughtd. is taug

35、ht（）4. ba jin, one of the greatest writers in china, as "people's writer".a. is regardedb. has regardedc. is regardingd. regards（）5. usually computers to search the internet.a. useb. are usingc. are usedd. used（）6. -do you often clean your classroom.-yes. our classroom every day.a. cle

36、anb. cleansc. is cleaned（）7.一 did you hear that water in tai lake smelt terrible.一 yes in fact ， it .that's all because of the people and the factories around a pollutedb was pollutedc has pollutedd was po11ute（）8. -our environment is getting worse than before.7-you're right.but thanks to ea

37、rth day , people have done more and more useful things toprotect 爱护 the earth since earth day.a. is startedb. was startedc. has started（）9. -i feel very happy that i to be the host.-congratulations.a. chooseb. am chosenc. was chosend. haven chosen（）10. many trees and flowers in our school last year

38、，and they made our school a beautiful garden a plantb plantedchave plantedd were planted（）11. some famous paintings in the hall next week.a. will showb. were shownc. is shownd. will be shown（）12. a talk on developments in science and technologyin the school hall next week .a. givenb. will be givenc.

39、 has been givend. gives（）13.-great changes have taken place in this city.-right. many modern tall buildings have been these days.a. turned upb. put upc. shown upd. fixed up（）14.twelve-year-olds should notto drive in china.a. allowb. be allowc. allowedd. be allowed（）15. do you often clean your classr

40、oom.yes, our classroom every day.a. cleanb. cleansc. is cleanedd. cleaned三、课后练习（）1 susan, why are you still here. they are all ready to start. i mrsyo, rbut i when to meet.a. don t tellb. didn t tellc. haven t toldd. wasn t told（）2 many old houses around our school next year and a large green area w

41、ill appear.a. pull downb. will be pulled downc. will pull downd. are pulled down（）3 - my watch .- don t worry. let s go to the lost & found.a. is lostb. is brokenc. has foundd. has stopped（）4 -did you go to sams weekend party.-no, i .a. am not invitedb. wasn t invitedc. haven t invitedd. didn t

42、invite（）5 - how often your school sports meeting .- once a year.a. does; holdb. was; holdc. is; heldd. did; hold（）6 on may 30th, , one bowl in the ming dynasty 明朝 at the price of 30.36 million hong8kong dollars.a. sellb. soldc. is soldd. was sold（）7 the "thousand- hand guanyin" by many peo

43、ple as the best performance at cctv's spring festival evening.a. has been regardedb . are regardedc. has regardedd. regards（）8 those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. yes, they in hangzhou.a. paintedb. were paintingc. were paintedd. had painted（）9 -dont litter the ground, boy ,look at

44、 the sign:“rubinbtioshthe dustbin.”-sorry.a, has throwb,was throwc,must throwd, must be thrown（）10 the 29th 0lympic games in beijing in 2021a will holdb will be heldchold（）11. the girl was often heardhappily in her room.a. singb. to singc. singingd. sings（）12. it is reported that more new teaching b

45、uildings in our school in the next term.a. will be builtb. was builtc. has builtd. will build（）13. it is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term.a. will be builtb. was builtc. has builtd. will build（）14. the sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.a. is takenb.

46、was takenc. takesd. took（）15. -it s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-i think a bridge over the river.a. was builtb. is being builtc. has been builtd. should be built（）16. -david, turn off the tv no one is watching it.-but it off already. the music is from the radio.a

47、. so that, has been turnedb. when, has turnedc. if, has been turnedd. because, has turned（）17. usually johnto school in his fathers beautiful car.a. has takenb. is takingc. is takend. has been taken（）18. don t put off todays work for tomorrow. i mean, todays work today.a. may dob. must doc. may be d

48、oned. must be done（）19.-look, what an old palace. it looks so great.-yeah, it nearly 800 years ago.a. was buildingb. was builtc. has builtd. is built（）20. don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you to do so.9a. askb. are askedc. will askd. will be asked10典型例题 一般现在时1a；解析 考查被动语态，依据句意，“奥运会

49、每四年举办一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了b、 c、d；2 答案 b ； 解析 此题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment 是动作的承担者； “在这次艺术展中，一些好玩的东西通过中国国画展现给外国伴侣；”3 答案 d ； 解析 考查被动语态；物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态；4 答案 a ； 解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位宏大作家的热爱；5 答案 c；解析 从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承担者，所以用被动语态，应选c；6. 答案 c ；解析 考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性，不

50、能用被动语态；一般过去时1 答案 b ；考查被动语态；物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态；2 答案 b ； 解析 从句意：“自从地球日开头以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事爱护环境；”可知，“地球日”的开头，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started 应选 b；3. we into five groups to go to the old people's home. we did many things to cheer them up. 太原市 a. dividedb. are dividedc. were divided3 答案 c ； 解析 此题主要考查被动语态的用法；依据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式；由后一句"we did many things ”可推断，时态应当是一般过去时；因此选c；4c5d一般将来过去1 答案 d ； 解析 此题综合考查时态和语态；