初中现在完成时

1、what do you like doing?when did you start it?do you it now?do you like swimming?when did you start?do you swim now?how long have you swum? 结构结构 肯定式肯定式: 主语主语+have/has + 过去分词过去分词 (规则变化规则变化+ ed) (见不规则动词表见不规则动词表) 否定式否定式: 主语主语+ havent/hasnt + 过去分词过去分词 疑问句疑问句: have/has +主语主语+ 过去分词过去分词 +? 1.have2.receive3.

2、get4.see5.live6.teach7.learn8.lose1.had, had2.received, received3.got, gotten4.saw, seen5.lived, lived6.taught, taught7.learnt, learnt8.lost, lost1.give2.get3.make4.buy5.have6.say7.know8.go9.be1.gave , given2.got, got/gotten3.made, made4.bought, bought5.had, had6.said, said7.knew, known8.went, gone9

3、.was/were, been1.i have been to china three times.一般疑问句一般疑问句2. we have studied english since we were children.否定句否定句3. mr smith has visited many cities since he came to china.划线提问划线提问have you been to china three times?we havent studied english since we were children.how long has mr smith visited man

4、y cities? 用法用法(1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，并对现在有现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，并对现在有影响。影响。 常与常与already, yet, just, recently, ever, never, before, in the pastyears等表示不确定时间的等表示不确定时间的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。 i have returned the book already. have you heard from your father recently? he hasnt come back yet.(2) 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的现在完成时表示从过去

5、一直持续到现在的动作或状态。动作或状态。 此时，句中谓语动词通常是此时，句中谓语动词通常是延续性动词延续性动词，且常与表示且常与表示一段时间的时间状语一段时间的时间状语连用。连用。如：如：these days, all this year, recently, for+时间段时间段以及以及since+时间点时间点等等。等等。zhang lan _ already_ in the school for two years. (study)mr green _ _ in china since ten years ago. (work)hasstudiedhas worked现在完成时和一般过去时

6、现在完成时和一般过去时1. 现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果成的影响和结果,强调现在的情况强调现在的情况.不能和过去的不能和过去的时间状语连用时间状语连用. yesterday, last night, in19992. 一般过去时一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态只表示过去的动作和状态,和现在和现在不发生关系不发生关系,它和过去的时间状语连用它和过去的时间状语连用.i have seen the film. 我看过这部电影我看过这部电影.(我了解这部电影的内容我了解这部电影的内容)i saw the film last week.我

7、上星期看了这部电影我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看只说明上星期看了这部电影了这部电影,不不)1.i _ (get) the globe on my fifth birthday.2.my mother _(play) the piano already. she _(play) it last night.3.i _(have) just supper. i _ (have) it just now.4.they _ (see) the film recently. they _ (say) they liked it very much.5.he _ (look) for his do

8、g for two days.gothas playedplayedhave hadhadhave seensaidhas looked 注意要点注意要点(1)现在完成时现在完成时不能不能和表和表 “过去过去”的时间副词的时间副词或短语连用或短语连用. 如如: yesterday, last year, in 1990不能与它不能与它连用连用.i have bought the book yesterday.()(2) 现在完成时动词如是现在完成时动词如是短暂性动词短暂性动词,不能带不能带for或或since短语或从句作状语短语或从句作状语.(肯定句肯定句)i have bought the

9、book for two years.()如在现在完成时中如在现在完成时中,短暂性动词与一段时间连用短暂性动词与一段时间连用,应把应把短暂性动词短暂性动词改为改为持续性动词持续性动词.i have had the bike for two years .= i have had the bike since two years ago.= it is two years since i bought the book.= i bought the bike two years ago.短暂性动词短暂性动词持续性动词持续性动词 get, arrive, reachbe in/at/here/th

10、erejoinbuyclosebecomelosebegin /startbe in/be a member ofhavebe closedbebe lostbe onreceiveleave / gocomebegin to studyget uphave gotcatch a coldmake friendshavebe awaylive/work/stay/teachstudybe uphavehave a coldbe friends短暂性动词短暂性动词持续性动词持续性动词短暂性动词短暂性动词持续性动词持续性动词borrow / lendfall asleep / illget to

11、knowdieget marriedbuyfinishkeep, havebe asleep / illknowbe deadbe marriedhavebe over1.they have bought the book since two days ago. ()they have had the book since two days ago.2. toms father has died for two years.()toms father has been dead for two years.3. i have left school for two years. ()i hav

12、e been away from school for two years.1. he has borrowed the pen for two days. () he has had the pen for two days.= he has had the pen since two days ago.= he borrowed the pen two years ago.= it is two years since he borrowed the pen .()(3) 短暂短暂性动词可用在性动词可用在不带一段时间不带一段时间状语状语的现在完成时中的现在完成时中i have lost m

13、y library book.the film has begun.(3) 表在过去某时发生的动作表在过去某时发生的动作,但现已成为一种经但现已成为一种经验验,汉语中常用汉语中常用 “曾经曾经”, “从来没有从来没有”, “过过”等等词词.常与常与ever, never, once, twice, three times, before等连用等连用.i have never seen him before.he has once taught here.(4) 在在否定句否定句中中,短暂性动词可与短暂性动词可与since或或for一段时间状语连用一段时间状语连用.i havent seen y

14、ou for a long time.（4）have been (to)和和have gone (to)的区别：的区别： “have been (to)”指指“到过某地到过某地”， 说话时说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来、侧重指经历。此人很可能不在那里，已经回来、侧重指经历。 “have gone (to)”指指“已经去了某地已经去了某地”， 说话说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 “have been in”,呆在某地呆在某地1. i have been to shanghai twice.2. my father has gone t

15、o shanghai.3. he has been in shanghai for two years.1.i _ to the great wall three times.a.go b. have gone c. went d. have been2. he has worked at the factory_ he came to the city.b.since b. before c. when d. as soon as3. the whites_ many places since they came to china.c.have visited b. will visit c. visited d. visit4. my teapot is empty. who _ all my tea?a. drinks b. had drunk c. has drunk d. drinkdaac5.-_your brother _ a new watch? - not yet. a. have ,bought b. does buy c. has ,bought d. will buy6. how long have you _ the radio