vk11、变形量测作业指导书

1、measures planned implementation of technical protection measures and security schemes, the problems should be promptly reported to the manager. 37th: carbon supervisor leadership and head of the company should periodically check the anti-accident measures planned, security technology protection meas

2、ures planned in implementation of measures against accidents and guarantee schemes, security technology protection measures planned in implementation. seventh article 38th of education and training: new factory (company) production staff (including internships, commissioned officer), must be approve

3、d by the factory (company), workshop and team level safety education upon passing the examination before entering production site. tertiary-level education after card registration, by the company's production technology section recovery archive, and reported to the company trade unions, safety r

4、ecord. training and examinations including the safe work procedures as well as relevant safety regulations, work environment and jobs there are risk factors, preventive measures and emergency treatment, and so on. the 39th article: new producers must receive the following training and qualified post

5、s: (a) the operating personnel, scheduling, must pass through the field point, institutional learning, on-site training and classes practice; (b) the maintenance, including technical staff, must undergo maintenance, technical specifications for learning and class practice; (c) special operations per

6、sonnel, must pass the national professional training, after obtaining a special operations qualifications before they can post. 40th: on-the-job training of production personnel: (i) post production staff should regularly carry out targeted of technical questions and answers, an accident expected on

7、 site training and anti-accident; (b) from running post 1 month and above the main post on duty or leave transportation . drive system and security studies, arranged by upper management or organization of the examination. the 42nd article: june of every year once regulatory and safety procedures of

8、the company system of examinations, examination the failed again, still not eligible waiting list study. article 43rd: every year in june the work ticket issuer, assignee, licensee of work training, after passing the examination, as a formal announcement are eligible to work as ticket issuer, head o

9、f inspection, work permits and the right to a separate high-pressure equipment list, and reported to the management department. failing the exam may not serve as a two person, stop classes, examinations before they can post. 44th: for breach of discipline system caused the accident, a kind of disord

10、er and attempted serious responsibility for the accident, in addition to the relevant provisions dealing with should also be tasked to learn about a point system, and after passing the exam, before they can post. article 45th: units of the company using the security video, slide projector, televisio

11、n, computer, multimedia, radio, billboard, artifacts, photo exhibitions, as well as security knowledge exam, lectures, contests, and other forms of advocacy, popularize the knowledge of security technology, targeted, visual training, enhancing workers ' safety awareness and self-protection abili

12、ty. article 46th新建铁路武汉至广州客运专线乌龙泉至花都段站前工程第标段第七单元 隧道施工作业指导书新建铁路武汉至广州客运专线乌龙泉至花都段第标段变形量测作业指导书编 制 人： 审 核 人：技术负责人：单位负责人：中铁五局武广客运专线xxtjiv标项目经理部工程部二00六年十月 湖南·郴州目 录1、适用范围- 2 -2监控量测项目- 2 -21 必测项目- 2 -22 选测项目- 2 -3量测断面的间距和量测频率- 3 -31 洞内、外观察- 3 -3.2 隧道周边位移量测- 4 -33 地表下沉量测- 5 -4量测的管理及人员、仪器配备- 6 -41 量测的管理- 6

13、 -42 量测人员、仪器的配备- 6 -5测点的埋设- 7 -6量测的方法及数据的处理- 8 -61 水平相对净空变化量测- 8 -62 拱顶下沉量测- 11 -63 地表下沉量测- 12 -变形量测作业指导书1、适用范围 “新奥法”的最大特点是采用与围岩密贴喷混凝土、锚杆、钢筋网等 ，并积极利用围岩本身的支承能力来达到衬砌结构的稳定。监控量测工作是采用新奥法设计、施工的隧道在监视隧道围岩稳定性过程中必不可少的重要施工程序，它为初期支护和二次衬砌设计参数的调整提供依据，是确保施工及结构运营安全、指导施工程序、便利施工管理的重要手段。2监控量测项目隧道监控量测的项目应根据工程特点、规模大小和设计

14、要求综合选定。量侧项目分为必测项目和选测项目两大类。本标段主要监控量测项目有：21 必测项目必测项目是在采用锚喷构筑法施工时必须作为一道工序进行的项目，它包括：（1）洞内外观察；（2）水平相对净空变化值的量测；（3）拱顶下沉量测。22 选测项目选测项目是根据围岩性质、隧道埋置深度、开挖方式等条件有选择地进行的项目，它包括：（1）地表下沉量测；（2）围岩内部变形量测；（3）锚杆轴力量测；（4）围岩压力量测；（5）支护、衬砌应力量测；（6）钢架内力及所承受的荷载量测；（7）围岩弹性波速度测试。3量测断面的间距和量测频率31 洞内、外观察洞内、外观察是直接利用肉眼对隧道内外围岩及其支护、衬砌结构变化

15、进行观察，以了解围岩稳定状况，对隧道施工其指导性作用。311 洞内观察洞内观察分开挖工作面观察和已施工段观察两部分。（1）开挖工作面观察开挖工作面观察在每次开挖后进行，观察内容包括围岩围岩等级变化、节理发育程度、岩层及裂隙走向、地下渗水情况等。每次观察后必须及时绘制开挖工作面地质素描图、填写开挖工作面地质状态记录表和施工阶段围岩级别判定卡（见附表1），对于易引起坍塌的岩块及时进行锚杆支护或喷射混凝土封闭。（2）已施工段观察对已施工段的观察每天进行至少一次，主要观察内容为：喷射混凝土、锚杆、钢架和二次衬砌的工作状态，并作好详细的记录。3.1.2 洞外观察洞外观察应每天进行一次，观察重点在洞口段和

16、洞身浅埋段，其观察内容为：地表开裂、地表沉陷、边坡及仰坡稳定状态、地表水渗透情况等。3.2 隧道周边位移量测隧道周边位移量测包括水平净空变化值量测和拱顶下沉量测，在同一断面内进行。其量测断面的间距应根据围岩级别、隧道断面尺寸、埋置深度等确定（具体见下表）。量测频率（具体见下表）根据变形速度和距开挖面距离较高的一个频率选取。当围岩达到基本稳定后，在以1次/7d的量测频率量测23周后可结束量测；若位移长期没有收敛趋势，应当适当延长量测时间，直到位移速率小于0.5mm/d时方可结束量测。拱顶下沉及周边收敛量测间距表围岩级别量测断面间距(m)（浅埋）1015（深埋）2030（浅埋）1015（深埋）20

17、30405050100拱顶下沉及周边收敛量测间距表变形速度（mm/d）量测断面距开挖面距离（m）量测频率5(01)b12次/天15(12)b1次/天0.51(12)b1次/2天0.20.5(25)b1次/2天0.25b1次/周33 地表下沉量测地表下沉量测根据隧道埋置深度、地质条件、地表有无建筑物、所采用的开挖方式等因素确定是否进行。其测点应布设在隧道中线上，且与测点在同一断面上。其量测的间距按下表布置，量测频率与周边位移量频率相同。当需要进行横断面方向地表下沉量测时，其同一断面取711个测点，测点间距取25m。地表下沉量测在开挖工作面前方h+h（隧道埋置深度+隧道高度）处开始，直至衬砌结构封

18、闭、下沉基本停止为止。地表下沉量测断面间距表埋置深度量测断面间距(m)h>2b2050b<h<2b1020h<b104量测的管理及人员、仪器配备41 量测的管理本标段成立监控量测小组负责管段内隧道的监控量测工作。现场测点的埋设和保护工作由各隧道所属的工班负责。量测工作由监控量测组长负责，各隧道技术员配合。每次量测结果要记录详细，并及时将量测数据进行处理、分析，以及时指导施工生产。42 量测人员、仪器的配备监控量测所需人员、仪器配置如下：监控量测小组人员配置表工作人员人 数工作职责测量3量测数据的现场采集数据1量测数据的处理、分析监控量测必测项目表序号监测项目测试方法和仪

19、表测试精度备 注1拱顶下沉水准测量法，水准仪、钢尺1mm2地表下沉水准测量法，水准仪、塔尺1mm浅埋必测(h02b)3净空变化净空变化测定仪，收敛计0.01mm监控量测选测项目表序号监测项目测试方法和仪表测试精度备 注1围岩压力压力盒0.001mpa2二衬接触压力压力盒0.001mpa3钢架受力钢筋计0. 1mpa4喷混凝土受力混凝土应变计105锚杆杆体应力钢筋计0. 1mpa监控量测项目仪器配备表序号监测项目测试方法和仪表测试精度备 注1洞内观察地质罗盘等2拱顶下沉水准仪、钢尺1mm3净空变化球式收敛计0.01mm4地表下沉水准仪、塔尺1mm5围岩内部变形移动式多点位移计0.1mm6锚杆轴应

20、力钢筋计0.1mpa7围岩压力压力盒0.001mpa8支护、衬砌应力混凝土应变计0.1mpa9钢架内应力及其所承受荷载钢筋计、支柱压力计0.1mpa10围岩弹性波速度声波仪及其配套探头5测点的埋设测点的埋设根据开挖方式、地质条件、量测断面所在位置及隧道埋深等条件综合确定。若地质条件复杂，下沉量大或偏压明显时应同时量测拱腰下沉及基底隆起量。测点应安装在距开挖工作面12m以内，且在开挖后12小时（最迟不超过24小时）内完成，并在下一循环开挖前测取初次读数。测点主要布设方式如下： 6量测的方法及数据的处理61 水平相对净空变化量测611 水平相对净空变化量测方法水平相对净空变化的量测首先要求将预埋件

21、按要求的时间及方法埋设，然后进行仪器的安装（如下图所示）。当仪器安装完成后，利用弹簧秤、钢丝绳、滑管给钢尺施加固定的水平张力（弹簧秤拉力90n），并在百分表读得初始数值x0；因第一次量测的初始读数是关键性读数，应反复测读；当连续量测3次的误差r0.18mm（r值根据收敛计不同而异）时才能继续爆破掘进作业。用同样方法可读得间隔时间t后的t时刻的xi值，则t时刻的周边收敛值ut即为百分表两次读数差：ut=l0-lt+xtl-xto 式中：l0初读数时所用尺孔刻度值； ltt时刻时所用尺孔刻度值；xtlt时刻时经温度修正后的百分表读数值， xtl= xt+txto初读数时经温度修正后的百分表读数值，

22、 xt0= x0+t0xtt时刻量测时百分表读数值；x0初始时刻百分表读数值；温度修正值， t=(t0-t)l钢尺线膨胀系数；t0鉴定钢尺的标准温度，t0=20；t每次测量时的平均气温；l钢尺长度。612 水平相对净空变化量测数据的处理每次测量时要做好详细的量测记录，记录内容包括日期、时间、里程编号、环境温度、量测数据等，并及时根据现场测量数据绘制时态曲线和空间关系曲线。当位移时间曲线趋于平缓时，及时进行量测数据的回归分析，以推求最终位移和掌握位移变化的规律。目前，常采用的回归函数有：对数函数 u=a+bln(t+1) u=aln()指数函数 u=ae-b/t u=a(e-bt0-e-bt)双

23、曲函数 u=a 式中：u变形值(mm)； a、b回归系数； t量测时间(d)； t0测点初读数时距开挖时的时间(d)； t量测时距开挖时的时间(d)。613 围岩稳定性的判别围岩稳定性的判别应按下列指标进行：（1）变形管理等级指导施工：变形管理等级表管理等级管理位移(mm)施工状态uu0/3可正常施工u0/3u2u0/3应加强支护u2u0/3应采取特殊措施注：u实测位移值；u0最大允许位移值。（2）根据位移变化速度判别：净空变化速度持续大于5.0mm/d时，围岩处于急剧变形状态，应加强初期支护系统。水平收敛（拱脚附近）速度小于0.2mm/d，拱部下沉速度小于0.15mm/d，围岩基本达到稳定。

24、在浅埋地段以及膨胀性和挤压性围岩等情况下，应采用监控量测分析判别。（3）根据位移时态曲线的形态判别：当围岩位移速率不断下降时（du2/d2t0），围岩趋于稳定状态；当围岩位移速率保持不变时（du2/d2t=0），围岩不稳定，应加强支护；当围岩位移速率不断上升时（du2/d2t0），围岩进入危险状态，必须立即停止掘进，加支护强。62 拱顶下沉量测621 拱顶下沉量测方法拱顶下沉量测采用水准测量法进行，后视点可设在稳定衬砌上，用水平仪进行观测（如下图所示）。将拱顶初始相对高差与t时刻相对高差相减变得拱顶下沉量，即：ut=(q0+p0)-(q+p)=(q0-q)+(p0-p)。若ut为正值，则表示拱

25、顶下沉；若ut为负值，则表示拱顶向上位移。622 拱顶下沉量测数据的处理拱顶下沉量测数据的处理方法同水平相对净空变化量测。623 围岩稳定性的判别拱顶围岩下沉稳定性的判别同水平相对净空变化的判别。63 地表下沉量测地表下沉的量测仍采用水准测量方式，量测仪器为水平仪、塔尺，测点布置形式如下图所示。量测方法及数据处理、分析方法同隧道周边位移量测。附表1围岩级别判定卡工程名称位置里 程评定距洞口距离（m）岩性指标岩石类型（名称）黏聚力c= mpa；=极硬岩硬岩中硬岩较软岩软岩极软岩单轴抗压极限强度rc= mpa点荷载强度ix= mpa变形模量e= mpa泊松比v=天然重度= kn/m3其它岩体完整状

26、态地质构造影响程度轻微较重严重极严重完整较完整较破碎破碎极破碎地质结构面间距(m)>1.50.61.50.20.60.060.2<0.06延伸性极差差中等好极好粗糙度明显台阶状粗糙波纹状平整光滑有檫痕平整光滑张开性(mm)密闭<0.1部分张开0.10.5张开0.51.0无充填张开>1.0黏土充填风化程度未风化风化轻微风化颇重风化严重风化极严重简要说明地下水状态渗水量 l/（min·10m）<10干燥或湿润1025偶有渗水25125经常渗水初始应力状态埋身h= m地质构造应力状态其他围岩级别备注记录者复核者日期regular issuance system

27、 of internal and external accident cases, organizational learning, analysis and discussion on a regular basis, and educate the persons concerned in a timely manner. 47th article: strengthening the safety of staff, establishing the concept of legalization of production safety, establish a "peopl

28、e-oriented" concept, "three do no harm" (don't hurt yourself, no harm to others, not to be hurt). 48th eighth day routine: pre-shift and post-shift monitor organizations, safety assist. before class: succession (started), combined with shift operation and tasks for better risk ana

29、lysis, arranged security account considerations. after class: summarizing comment on duty and the security situation, praise good deeds criticism ignored safety, illegal operations and other adverse phenomena, and completes the record. 49th: safety day event organized by the monitor, safety help, wo

30、rkshop leaders and checking activities. classes (groups) or rotating a safety day event a week, activities to learn more about the superior file and the spirit of the meeting, informed of the accident, analysis of the company, workshop and fewer security incidents, as well as the typical illegal tea

31、m, analysis of operation environment, there may be a risk factor for the main content. 50th: security analysis companies every quarter of a security analysis; shop at least once a month analysis, comprehensive analysis of production trends, sum up lessons learned from and the weakness in safety mana

32、gement, accident prevention measures in the study. meeting was chaired by enterprise security responsibility, concerning the participation of heads of department, workshop. formation meeting and made public. 51st: security check for carbon company's periodic and non-periodic safety checks should

33、 be carried out. periodic inspection includes fall and spring security checks, security checks should be combined with spring or autumn season characteristics and accident law . 52nd: security analysis companies should all be actively involved in the preparation of security advisories, bulletins, integrated security, analysis of accident law, drawing on lessons learned from. 53rd: the company's safety safety month activities each year according to the government's requiremen