高考英语完形填空(附答案)

1、完形填空专项一、复习思路1 .梳理完形填空的技巧方法2 .扩充词汇运用二、复习要点完型填空题的特点完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以 议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、 生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。完型填空解题步骤1 -通览-速度全文，把握大意 快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作 风格等等。2 -试填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注

2、意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3 -复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应完型填空高频词汇动词convince; guarantee; ensure; transfer; exist; strike; claim; demonstrate; charge; assemble; reveal; skip;vary; monitor; assess; isolate; classify; distract; embarrass; stretch; bel

3、ieve; make;consume; dip; shut; replace, reduce, increase, destroy; expand; narrow; strengthen;weaken; protect; punish; warn; contribute; devote; decorate; drain; maintain; preserve;exhaust; exploit; impose; inspire; pioneer; overcome; resist; shift; switch; plunge;account for; postpone; access; remi

4、nd; inform; amuse; assume; obtain; distribute;anticipate（预期）;cultivate; recognize; discomfort; threaten; demand; indicate.名词instinct; ingredient; evidence; miracle; tendency; exposure; principle; efficiency;contribution; contact; infection; opposition; pronunciation; transformation;principle; standa

5、rds; measure; solution; crisis; innovation; material; resource; improvement; appearance;stability; smoke; cost; bargain; miracle; existence; trend; delivery; mood; spirit;appetite; stomach; strength; muscle; purpose; concept; means; access; variety; alternative; combination;achievement; option; inte

6、raction; affirmation; expectation; communication; ecotourism, background, prevention形容词considerate; aggressive; qualified; reluctant; delicate; positive; negative; ignorant; informative; casual:curious; incurable; demanding; reasonable; social; psychological; evident; vital;constant; terrible; waste

7、ful; wonderful; useful; fashionable; beautiful; historic;worthless; ordinary; meaningless; sensitive; agreeable; graceful; financial; appropriate;defensive; fateful （重大的，决定性的）；fruitful （富有成效的，多产的） ；sensitive;multiple; resistant; accessible; critical; reasonable; inevitable; essential; dramatic;fulfi

8、lling （令人满忌的，能实现个人抱负的）；efficient; ideal; employable; available;respectful （恭敬的， 有礼貌的） ;negative; frequent; unskilled; compulsory副词agreeably; slightly; accidentally; occasionally; physically; psychologically; thoroughly;vaguely; orally; repeatedly; dramatically; subconsciously; carelessly, regularly;

9、 while;recently ;nearly; rarely; mostly; least; oppositely; unfortunately; frankly; In addition,In short; otherwise; eventually necessarily flexibly; naturally; actually, nevertheless, fortunately, definitely, narrowly, widely, practically完型填空解题技巧解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景

10、有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists.51 , you would see plenty of animals with people runningafter them. Life for

11、 ancient people' s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.51. A. InsteadB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Otherwise（2） Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates abo

12、ut films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.51. A. claimB. descriptionC. gossipD. language解题思路二：顺应文意，定位选词。做题时，要充分利用上下文，找到有提示作用的词。这些，可可以是同义词、近义词或反义词，也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。 Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one.

13、Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.51.A. positiveB. oppositeC. sameD. wrong More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and52could provide inf

14、ormation forlater generations.52. A. booksB. historyC. ruinsD. scienceThe continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it _51_ our kids.51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifiesD. exploits解题思路三：注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动

15、词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等， 同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 The department for Education and Skills wants to 60teaching of modem foreign languages (MFT) at anearlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater 61to foreign language learning.60. A. permitB. encourageC. demandD. offer61. A. admiss

16、ionB. accessC. chanceD. approach解析：教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学，所以 60选Do 61题考查固定搭配access to的 用法，学生需要总结相关access的搭配，have access to或者offer access to, to是介词。 That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to _62_ team spirit.62. A. build upB. put down C. take

17、 over D. make out63. _60_ of people now believe - incorrectly - that global warming is not even caused by humans.60. A. mixtureB. majorityC. quantityD. crowd1培养孩子终生学习动力13解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。CD Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations(波动)in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information aresome of

18、 the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different_51 for international visitors than it wasearlier in the 21 st century.51. A.experiment B. examinationC. experienceD. excursion A traveler from a country_60_ in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA), a

19、n online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boardsa flight, whether the traveler is 61 to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel posesany law implementation or security risks.60 .A.perseveringB. previewing61 .A.accessibleB. accep

20、tableC. participatingC. availableD. promotingD. adaptable解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。 EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They too _63_ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would _64_ them.63. A. confident

21、 inB. comfortable withC. keen onD. afraid of64. A. amuseB. informC. remindD. embarrass解题思路六：利用原词复现或同现，选择最佳选项。1 .在完形填空中，某一词语通常重复出现，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整的意义整体。 First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to six windows.A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean2.同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一

22、语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。1)名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：school-primary school middle school college university students - pupilsgraduates postgraduates2)动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：school -teach- learn attendfound drop out graduate be dismissed3)形容词同现；就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：(key) sc

23、hool (optional) course (compulsory) course4)结构同现：结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：do/be some,others; on one hand,on the other hand; former - flatter; sothat; not only - but also; hardly/scarcely when ；no sooner than ；be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be ready to do/be on the way whe

24、n ；I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn' empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new, dressed neatly.A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion The 60 Knows .Smell, howeve

25、r, does seem to play a part in human attraction.60. A. Nose B. EyeC. HeartD. Hand解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。 In today ' s American society, high school dropout has day by day grown into a big problem threatening social and economic stability, as many cases of family 51 or even tragedies, cau

26、sed by youth dropout are grabbingheadlines in media.51.A. objections B. conflictsC. establishments D. happiness答案：Bo长难句分析，第一层是as引导的原因状语从句，主句是 school dropout has grown into a bigproblem.后面紧跟 动名词做定语。As从句中caused过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。 In many countries, the language of education is not the same

27、 as the language of the home for 53 the majority of children . Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population. 54 While in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire t

28、he language of instruction, in most countries where there are large numbers of young learners, there is a 55 awareness of their special needs.55. A. reducing B. watchingC. growingD. slipping解析：55题根据前文可以推断出选C. growing表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：首先是while引导的让步状语从句。在while从句中运用了 help sb do sth的结构。 在主句中，where

29、引导的定语从句，先行词是 countries.解题思路八：仔细推敲，注重逻辑。做完完形填空题后，要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍，看语法、惯用法又不对；看是否符合上下文的逻辑；看是否符合故事情节的发展，以便更正可能的错误选择。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文 的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：s more, whmatters worses eo to make1 .递进in addition, furthermore, again, also,

30、 besides, moreover, what make things worse , worse still2 .比较in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as3 .对照in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while4 .因果because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a

31、result （of）, so, thus5 .强调certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially , in particular, absolutely6 .让步although, though, after all, in spite of7 .举例for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

32、8 .时间和空间afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at lastoutside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right（left）, in the middle, opposite, in front of9 .总结to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary表示转折关系：例1：（浦东新区2014年二模）a survey of 99 green build

33、ings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. . The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, 58, can lead to higherenergy bills and wasted materials.58. A. in return B. for instance C. by contrast D. in general答案解析：绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%的能

34、源，与之形成对比的是，传统建筑会导致更高的能源成本及材料的浪费。所以选C,与上文形成转折对比。例2:（普陀区2014年二模）The following numbers would be_55 for most of us to remember. 1492178919931848. But look at them inchunks ” , and it becomes much easier. 14921789 1993 1848.55. A. convenientB. impossibleC. meaningful D. technical答案解析：两句之间的But表明是转折关系，下文出现

35、了 "it becomes much easier ,所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比，即选 B , impossible o表示因果关系：例1:（浦东新区2014年二模）51 its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than aconventional office building.51. A. In place of B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. In addition to答案解析：句意是的于艺

36、术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源”，所以此空可得出答案为Bo例2:（浦东新区2014年二模）a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. So any additional building costs can be 57 quickly.57. A. recovered B. gainedC. countedD. valued答案解析：句意是绿色建筑比传统建筑少用3

37、0%能源，所以增加的建筑成本可以很快回收。”提示词So,表明上下文为因果关系，所以选 A.表示并列关系：例1:（浦东新区2014年二模） improve employee ' s health and productivity, reduce legal liability, and 56 property values and rental returns.56. A. involveB. enhance C. shareD. show答案解析：句意是绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报”，根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。四个选项

38、中，只有B表示蹭强或提高"，所以答案为B。表示条件关系：例1:（普陀区2014年二模）Life would be so much easier if we could remember things 51.51. A. effortlesslyB. purposefullyC. exactlyD. carelessly答案解析：句意是生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。”所以选Ao表示解说关系：例1:（普陀区2014年二模）there is nothing 61about these methodsthey were around even in ancient times.61.

39、A. effectiveB. awfulC. valuable D. new答案解析：句意是 这些方法没有什么新颖之处一他们在古代就已经有了。”句中的破折号表示解释说明，所以选D。例题及练习Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining （留住）customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attrac

40、ted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 52 that the customer remains

41、a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprisin

42、g is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the U

43、S found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的)customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino ' s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on t

44、heir first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in . 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny."In practice most companies ' marketinfo

45、cused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them" s ays Adrian Payne of Cornfield University ' School of Management. " Researchsuggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and

46、 usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particularB. in realityC. at leastD. fir

47、st of all51. A. emphasizeB. doubtC. overlookD. believe52. A. denyingB. ensuringC. arguingD. proving53. A. MovingB. HopingC. StartingD. Failing54. A. marketsB. tastesC. pricesD. expenses55. A. cultureB. socialC. financialD. Economical56. A. promiseB. planC. mistakeD. difference57. A. costB. opportuni

48、tyC. profitD. budget58. as a resultB. on the wholeC. in conclusionD. on the contrary59. A. hugeB. potentialC. extraD. reasonable60. A. beliefsB. loyaltyC. habitsD. interest61. A. alteringB. understandingC. keepingD. attracting62. A. AssumedB. RespectedC. EstablishedD. Unexpected63. A. agreeableB. fl

49、exibleC. friendlyD. sensitive64. A. unfairB. difficultC. essentialD. convenientKeys： 5054. BCBDA55 59. CDCAB6064. BCCDB词汇整理：in particular尤其特另1Jon the whole 整体而言on the contrary 相反地regular customer常客，老顾客（听力常考词）2 .高频动词：emphasize, overlook, ensure, deny, assume, alter3 .高频名词：taste（品味，审美）,expense, budget

50、, profit, loyalty,share（股份）4 .高频形容词：financial, economical 节俭的），potential（n. 潜力），agreeable, flexible, sensitive, unfair, essential,特殊句型理解：1. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications.Only+时间状语，部分倒装。2. Retaining customers also makes i

51、t 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. it”做形式宾语, 替代“to enter a market or increase their share of a market.”1 .复习高频词组、词义辨析文档2 .完成以下练习Harvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared

52、to the hallway. The quality of a university, _51_, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody ' s life. Both the quantity and the of2the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in th

53、e United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard _53_ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and _54_ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by e

54、ach school, there are some branch libraries that are _55_ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its _56_ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is the first lib

55、rary in the world that is _57_ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What _58_ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The main libraries are open un

56、til 10 p.m. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the _59_ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of _60_ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians ar

57、e _61_ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are 62 in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the 63 library within 24 hoursafter they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be