高二英语第二单元(newsmedia)教案-【本章重点难点】

1、【本章重点难点】Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组1It takes a very usual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious(P.1)动词undertake及形容词obvious的用法2Each group member represents a branch of science(P.2)动词represent及名词branch的用法3Scan the text to answer the following questions(P.3)动词scan的词义及用法4Imagine this：you a

2、re twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world(P.3)promising在此句中的意思，graduate作动词、名词的用法5Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse(P.3)动词go by的词义及用法6In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice g

3、irl，Jane Wilde(P.3)动词engage的词义及用法7Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe(P.3)动词seek的词义及用法8Scientists.know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong(P.4)动词短语turn out的词义及用法9First，they carefully observ

4、e what they are interested in(P.4)动词observe的词义及用法10Finally，the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events(P.4)动词match和predict的词义及用法11The Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei was so curious that he invented both a microscope.(P.7)形容词curious的词

5、义及用法。12By asking why，how and what if，curious minds find new ideas and solutions(P.7)名词solution的词义与用法13We must also believe in what we do even when others don't(P.7)动词词组believe in与believe的词义及用法的区别。Language points and grammar focus语言点与语法重点ALanguage points语言点1There did not seem much point in workin

6、g on my PhDI did not expect to survive that long(P.3)句型There be.point in doing sth的句意；that用作副词的词义及用法2Hawking became famous in the early 1970s，when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang black holes(P.3)when用作并列连词时的词义及用法3Science，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know tha

7、t their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong(P.4)词组on the other hand的词义及用法4People who listen to Hawking's lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him，.(P.4)代词it用作形式宾语时的各种用法5Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discove

8、ring what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference(P.7)当only引导状语处于句首时，主句要用倒装的语序BGrammar focus语法重点1The simple passive form of the infinitives不定式被动语态的一般形式的内涵及用法2Four functions of the infinitives used as attribute，object and adverbial用作主语、定语、宾语和状语的不定式的四种功能的用法Skills of the f

9、our essential abilities：listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧1Listening：Have a good understanding of a long dialogue by grasping the reason why an event happens掌握某事发生的原因，很好理解一段较长对话2Speaking：Talk about science and scientists谈论科学与科学家3Reading：How to grasp the core of a very long sent

10、ence如何抓住一个长句的核心4Writing：How to write a descriptive passage如何写一篇描述性的短文【难点解析】Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组1It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious(P.l)译文：分析明显存在的事情需要非凡的头脑。讲解undertake(undertook；undertaken)有两个意思。to take up or start on(or a piece of work esp. one that is

11、 difficult or need effect)担任(职位)；着手(艰苦工作等)。后常用名词、代词作其宾语。to promise or agree答应；同意。后加不定式或that从句作宾语。例句She undertook responsibility for the accident她承担了这次事故的责任。He undertook to pay back the money within 2 monthsHe undertook that he would pay back the money within 2 months他答应两个月之内还钱。He undertook to be her

12、e by 10 o'clockHe undertook that he would be here by 10 o'clock.他答应10点前到达。讲解本句中出现的另一个词obvious为形容词，意为“显而易见的；明显的”。obviously adv显而易见地，这类形容词如用定冠词，表示一类事物或人，又如：the rich富人，the disabled残疾人。例句It is obvious that mastering the English language is a must in international trade很显然，在国际贸易中，掌握英语是必要的。He is o

13、bviously mad=It is obvious that he is mad很显然他疯了。2Each group member represents a branch of science(P.2)译文：每组成员代表着一个科学分支。讲解represent vt意为“代表”，作此义讲时，它的同义词是“stand for”，但stand for不可用于被动语态。例句She represented president in the conference在会议上她代表总统。In Chemistry，O represents Oxygen在化学中O代表氧元素。The rose represents

14、 England玫瑰花是英国的象征。Our company is represented in China by MrSmith史密斯先生是我公司在中国的代理。讲解branch名词，原意为“树枝”，引申义为“(河流的)支流；(铁路的)支线；(家族的)分支；(公司的)分店、分公司；(组织的)支部”等。例句和例词His uncle's branch of the family moved to Shanghai last year在他们这个家族中，他叔叔的那一支去年搬到上海了。The bank has branches in all parts of the country该银行在全国各地

15、都有分行。3Scan the text to answer the following questions(P.3)译文：浏览课文，回答下列问题。讲解scan(scanned；scanned) vtglance at(e.g. a document)quickly but not very thoroughly匆匆而粗略地看(文件等)；略读。例句She scanned the newspaper over breakfast她吃着早餐把报纸大致地读了一遍。She scanned the list of names to see if hers was on it她扫了一下名单，看自己的名字是否

16、在上面。4Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world(P.3)译文：想象一下：你21岁，是世界一所顶尖大学的一名很有希望的大学毕业生。讲解promising形容词意为“大有希望的；有出息的；有前途的”。该词是promise的同源词。promise作动词或名词时，除了我们较熟悉的“允诺”“诺言”，还有其他意思。作动词时，promise还有“预示”的意思。作名词时还有“(有)指望；(有)前途”的意思。例句A

17、ll of you are promising if you learn English well如果你们学好英语，你们非常有前途。The results of the first experiment are very promising第一次试验结果充满了希望。It's a promising sign那是一个很好的迹象。It promises to be warm this afternoon今天下午有望变暖。The clear sky promises fine weather晴朗的天空预示着好天气。讲解graduate在此句中为名词，意为“毕业生”。当你步入大学校门，一年级时

18、，你被称为freshman；大二时，被称为sophomore；大三时，被称为junior；大四时，被称为senior；当你已基本完成学业，但尚未取得学士学位时，被称为undergraduate；拿到学士学位后，又继续上硕士或博士，那你就被称为postgraduate，graduate作名词时有时也可指硕士或博士研究生。graduate作动词时，意为“毕业”，后加介词fromat+学校；加介词in+专业；加介词with+学位。例句和例词a graduate nurse一名护士学校毕业的学生a graduate student一名研究生He graduated in law at Oxford他毕

19、业于牛津大学法学专业。He graduated from Beijing University with a Doctor's degree in history他毕业于北京大学，获得史学博士学位。5Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse(P.3)译文：然而两年过去了，我的情况却不是那样糟糕。讲解go by有三个词义。to pass(in place or time)(时光)流逝；经过(某处)。be guided by依照；遵循，依据办事。to judge by根据作出判断。作上面、词义讲时不用被动语态。例句A c

20、ar went by一辆汽车驶过。As time goes bypasses，all of you have grown into big boys or big girls=With time going bypassing，all of you have grown into big boys or big girls随着时光的流逝，你们都长成大小伙子，大姑娘了。Don't go by that old map；it might be out of date别用那张旧地图，它可能过时了。He always goes by the rules他总是循规蹈矩。Going byJudgi

21、ng by her clothes，she must be very rich根据她的衣着判断，她一定有钱。6In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl，Jane Wilde(P.3)译文：事实上，事情发展得还挺顺利，我和一位非常好的女孩简·怀尔德订了婚。讲解get engaged to sb意为“与某人订婚”，注意：get为瞬间动词，意为“变成”，所以get engaged to sb不可与表一段时间的时间状语连用。表一段时间时，可用be enga

22、ged to sbgetbe married to“与某人结婚”也是如此。牢记本短语的介词to，不要受汉语影响，误记为with。例句Tom got engaged to Mary 3 weeks ago汤姆和玛丽三周前订了婚。Tom has been engaged to Mary for 3 weeksIt is 3 weeks since Tom got engaged to Mary汤姆和玛丽订婚三周了。7Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the univer

23、se(P.3)译文：自从那时，霍金就一直探求关于宇宙本质问题的答案。讲解seek(sought，sought，seeking)。seek to do sth(=attempt to do sth=try to do sth=do as much as sbcan to do sth=do as much as possible to do sth=do what sbcan to do sth=make an effort to sth=spare no effort to do sth)设法(试图)做某事；seek sth寻找、征求、谋求、追求；seek after追求、企图得到；seek

24、for寻求寻找；seek one's fortune外出找出路。例句We should constantly seek advice from the masses。我们应不断地听取群众的意见和建议。These books were eagerly sought after这些书很畅销。They encouraged her to seek for new ways of doing her experiments他们鼓励她寻找新的实验方法。We sought to change her mind but she refused我们试图改变她的主意，但是她拒绝了。8Scientists

25、.know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong(P.4)译文：科学家们知道他们的工作永远不会结束，甚至认为即使最好的理论也可能被证实是错误的。讲解turn out有三个意思：produce生产，培养；prove被证实；to come out or gather(as if)for a meeting，public events etc群体出动。作“被证实”讲常用“.turn out(to be)+adjnoun”或“It turn out that从句”两

26、种句型。例句This factory can turn out 200 cars a day这家工厂一天可生产200辆汽车。This school has turned out some first-class scholars这所学校培养出了一些一流学者。The party turned out a successsuccessful=It turned out that the party was a successsuccessful=The party proved a successsuccessful=It proved that the party was a successsu

27、ccessful=The party work out very well这台晚会结果开得很成功。The whole village turned out to welcome him整个村庄群体出动来欢迎他。9First，they carefully observe what they are interested in(P.4)译文：首先，他们对自己感兴趣的事情进行仔细观察。讲解observe vtIf you observe someone or something，you watch them carefully，especially in order to learn somethi

28、ng about them；If you observe someone or something，you see or notice them；If you observe something such as a law or custom，you obey it or follow it例句Did you observe anything unusual in his behavior？你注意到他的行为有什么不寻常吗？I observed that they were late我注意到他们迟到了。The police observed him enteringenter the bank

29、with a shotgun警察看到他带着猎枪进入了银行。Do you observe Christmas？你有过圣诞节的习俗吗？10Finally，the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events(P.4)译文：最后，科学家们对这项理论作了试验，目的在于了解这项理论是否与他们所见一致，以及它是否可以预见未来的事情。讲解match v意为“和相一致；和相匹配；匹配”；be equal to or find an equal for

30、比得过；敌得过。例句或例词The curtain doesn't match the paint=The curtain and the paint don't match这窗帘和油漆不搭配。a matching skirt and sweater相配衬的裙子和毛衣well-matched husband and wife十分匹配的夫妻Why not buy some tapes to match(=go with)your book？为什么不买些磁带和你的书配套呐？His latest films don't match his previous ones他最近的电影

31、不能与以前的媲美。讲解predict vtsay in advance that(sth)will happen；forecast预言某事将发生；预报；预告。例句He predicted that the terrorists would attack the USA他预言恐怖分子会袭击美国。The earthquake had been predicted several months before这次地震早在几个月前就发布了预告。It is impossible to predict who will win11The Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei

32、was so curious that he invented both a microscope.(P.7)译文：意大利天文学家伽利略如此好奇，以至于他发明了显微镜和讲解If you are curious about something，you are interested in it and want to know more about itIf something is curious，it is unusual or difficult to understand其同源名词是curiosity例句I am curious aboutas to what happened我很想知道发

33、生了什么事。They were curious to know where he had gone他们好奇地想知道他去了哪。It is curious that he left without saying good-bye真奇怪，他不辞而别了。12By asking why，how and what if，curious minds find new ideas and solutions(P.7)译文：通过自问事情出现的原因、方式及如果某事发生结果会如何等问题，这些好奇的哲人发现了一些新的观点和一些新的解决问题的方法。讲解solution可数名词an answer to a difficu

34、lty or a problem解决；解答；解法；解决方法。其动词形式为solve。另外solution作不可数名词时还有“溶解”的意思；作“溶液，溶剂”讲时，即可作可数名词又可作不可数名词。例句或例词It is very difficult to find a solution to the problem找出解决此问题的方法太难了。I have bought another dictionary，which is the solution of all the problems我又买了一本字典，这样一切问题解决了。We must spare no effort to solve the p

35、roblem我们必须全力以赴解决这个问题。sugar in solution in water溶于水的糖。13We must also believe in what we do even when others don't(P.7)译文：即使别人不相信，我们自己也要相信自己所做的事情。讲解believe指相信某人说的话或相信某事是真实的，其后可以接名词、宾语从句、名词+不定式。当believe为被动语态时，其后只能跟不定式结构。believe in指相信某人或某物的本质或特性，后常跟真理、宗教一类的词。例句I believe his wordshimwhat he said我相信他的

36、话。I believe in keeping early hours我相信早睡早起是好的。He doesn't believe in God他不相信上帝的存在。I don't believe in him我不信任他的为人品质。Language points and grammar focus语言点与语法重点ALanguage points语言点1There did not seem much point in working on my PhDI did not expect to survive that long(P.3)译文：取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活

37、那么久。讲解point在此处为不可数名词，意为“purpose，advantage；use目的；好处；用途”后面加in或of+名词代词动名词；“No point of doing something=No useful purpose would be served by doing it”即“做某事没什么用处”。例句If we have finished our work，there is no point in staying any longer；we may as well go home如果我们完成了工作，就没有必要再呆下去，我们还不如回家。I cannot see the poin

38、t in trying to persuade himhe'll never change his mind我看劝他没用，他不会改变主意的。讲解that在此处为副词，非正式用语，一般用于疑问句或否定句，意为：so；to such a degree那么；那样；到那种程度。this也有类似的用法。例句It wasn't that good actually(=it was quite good but not very good)它实际上没那么好。We haven't see all that much of her recently我们最近没有怎么见过她。Can hard

39、 work change a person that much？艰苦工作能使人有如此大的变化吗？You don't look that old你看上去没那么老。2Hawking became famous in the early 1970s，when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang black holes(P.3)译文：霍金是20世纪70年代成名的，他和美国人罗杰·彭罗斯发现了宇宙大爆炸和黑洞的理论。讲解when在此句中不是从属连词“当的时候”的意思，这里when是并

40、列连词，有人也称之为等立连词，意为“and at thisthat time”“就在这那时”。中学常见的句型有：be doing sthwhen.某人正在做某事，这时be about to do sth when.某人刚要做某事，这时have just done sth when.某人刚做完某事，这时例句We were having dinner when the telephone rang我们在吃饭，这时电话响了。We had just finished our work，when he came in我们刚干完活，这时他进来了。We were about to go，when the t

41、elephone rang我们刚要走，这时电话响了。3Science，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong(P.4)译文：霍金写道，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的，即使是最完美的理论也可能是错误的。讲解on the other hand另一方面，用于对比。与on the one hand形成对比。即：on the one hand.，on the other han

42、d.一方面，另一方面。(指辩论、考虑、情况等)。The Government seems to me to be inconsistentOn the one hand they say they wish to reduce the cost of living，and on the other hand they increase the duties on a number of essential articles政府在我看来反复无常。他们一方面说，要降低生活费，另一方面又提高许多生活必需品的税收。In this country，food is cheaper than in Brit

43、ain；clothing on the other hand，is dearer这个国家的食品比英国便宜，但另一方面，衣着比英国贵。4People who listen to Hawking's lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him，.(P.4)译文：听过霍金报告的人有时发现理解他的报告太难了，讲解it除作代词外，还可用作引词(anticipatory)。引词本身无实义，只起一种先行引导的作用。引词it不重读，它可用作形式主语、形式宾语；还可用于强调句型。现在让我们学习一下it作形式宾语的用法。1)真正宾语是不定式

44、e.g. I find it easy enough to get on with Pam(it指代to get on with Pam)我觉得与Pam相处很容易。I'd think it useful to learn computers(it指代to learn computers)我认为学电脑有用。2)真正宾语是动名词e.g. You must find it exciting working here(it指代working here)你一定发现在此工作令人激动。I think it no use advising him to give up his plan(it指代adv

45、ising him to give up his plan)我认为建议他放弃计划没用。3)真正宾语是宾语从句e.g. I think it best that you should stay here(it指代that you should stay here)我认为你最好留在这里。I took it for granted that you would stay with us(it指代that you would stay with us)我以为你当然会留在我们这里的。5Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and onl

46、y by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference译文：每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正与众不同。讲解当only引导状语处于句首时，主句要用倒装的语序。注意：1)当only引导非状语处于句首时，主句不必用倒装的语序；2)当only引导状语处于句中或句末时，主句也不用倒装的语序；3)当only引导状语从句处于句首时，要倒装主句的语序，千万不要倒装从句的语序，而忘了倒装主句！例句Only in this way can

47、we learn English well只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work只有在战争结束后，他才高高兴兴地返回工作。BGrammar focus语法重点1The simple passive form of the infinitives不定式被动态的一般形式的内涵及用法。2Four functions of the infinitives used as subject，attribute，object and adverbial用作主语、定语、宾语和状语的不定

48、式的四种功能的用法。本单元的语法项目是不定式的被动式，具体讲解如下：当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动形式。不定式被动形式在句中可作主语、表语、状语、补语等。如：To be obeyed was natural to her她生性让别人听命于她。(作主语)The problem remained to be solved这个问题还有待解决。(作表语)It needs not to be said that they are very happy together不必说他们在一起非常幸福。(作宾语)There were plans to be made at onc

49、e要立即制定计划。(作定语)He has returned only to be sent away again他回来以后又被打发走了。(作状语)The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted船长命令升旗。(作宾语补足语)The book is intended to be read and not to be torn这书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。(作主语补足语)在某些句子中，不定式虽表被动，但仍用主动形式。如：What is to pay？要付多少钱？The reason is not far to seek道理很浅显。He gave me som

50、e books to read他给了我一些书读。We found the report easy to understand我们发现这些报告很容易懂。不定式作主语、定语、宾语和状语的功能和用法讲解如下：由于不定式有名词、形容词和副词的特点，所以它在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、补语等。但由于时间关系，今天我只把不定式作主语、定语、宾语和状语的用法讲解一下。1)作主语。如：To see is to believe眼见为实。To serve the people is our duty为人民服务是我们的职责。在日常英语中，常用it作为语法上的主语，即形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面

51、。It is our duty to serve the people为人民服务是我们的职责。2)作宾语。如：I couldn't afford to buy a new car我买不起汽车。Have you decided to marry him？你决定嫁给他吗？有些动词常常跟不定式作宾语，它们是：want，wish，hate，prefer，hope，continue，manage，try，ask，offer，start，forget，remember，begin，decide，agree，choose，learn，pretend，promise，mean，expect，desir

52、e等。另外，在一些复合宾语中，常用it代表不定式作为形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式放在后面。如：I thought it right to do this test我认为做这项实验是对的。3)作定语。通常都置于被修饰名词或代词之后。如：This is the best way to solve this problem这是解决这个问题的最好办法。I have a lot of work to do我有许多工作要做。如果不定式和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且这个不定式是不及物动词，则它后面需有必要的介词。如：He is a good comrade to work with他是一个很好共事的

53、同志。There is nothing to think about没什么值得考虑的。4)作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等。如：He went home to see his parents他回家看望父母。(表目的)I turned the radio down so as not to disturb you我把收音机音量调小，以免打扰你。(表目的)The problem is too hard to understand这问题太难了，理解不了。(表结果)What have I done to make you unhappy？我做了什么事使你不高兴？(表结果)I'm glad to

54、hear the news听了这消息，我很高兴。(表原因)I was surprised to see him there我真想不到会在那里见到他。(表原因)Skills of the four essential abilities：listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧1Listening skills听力技巧Have a good understanding of a long dialogue by grasping the reason why an event happens掌握某事发生的原因，很好理解一段较

55、长对话在高二的第一学期我们主要学习如何听好较长对话的一系列技巧。较长对话与简短对话的检测有哪些区别？简短对话在篇幅上，比起较长对话要短；简短对话只有一个检测点，因此只有一个设问，而较长对话有若干个检测点，因此有若干个设问。简短对话侧重于句子层次理解的考查，而较长对话侧重于话语或语段层次的检测。一般说来，如果一段较长对话有两个设问，那么这段对话涉及的内容至少是两个，所以在审题中，应把在应对简短对话中的那些技巧使用起来，而且还应学会通过审题中得到的信息来把握各个设问之间的内在联系，从而推断出还未听到的较长对话的大致内容，进而确定听音的重点的技巧。听其对话录音时，要尽力把握能正确解决设问的关键词、短

56、语或句子。以高考试题的实例讲解本节的中心议题。请看下例(2002年高考试题，全国卷)：1why does the man thank the woman？AShe has helped him with his problemsBShe has invited him for coffeeCShe has agreed to see him on Monday2When does the conversation take place？ABefore classBAfter classCDuring class首先你们应仔细审读这两个设问及其选项。看看从审题中能得到哪些信息？第一个设问是：为什么这位男士要感谢这位女士？这段较长对话的第二个设问是：这段对话发生在什么时间？这两个设问有什么内在联系呢？孤立地看这两个设问及选项，似乎看不出它们的内在联系，但如果你是个细心的有经验的应试者，应该能确定此段较长对话发生在学校，因为第二题的选项提供的时间，都是发生在学校里的时间现象：A上课前；B下课后；C课程进行的过程中。根据生活常识，我们可以推断出对话的双方最大的可能都是学校中的人士。那么其对话内容很可能与学校生活有关。再有从审