最新中央电大行政法与行政诉讼法案例分析期末复习资料小抄【打印版】

1、电大行政法与行政诉讼法案例分析期末复习资料1、案例分析（10分。问题中的选择题为不定项选择题，正确答案至少一个以上）2007年3月7日,深圳市民樵彬前往深圳市车辆管理所,申请办理新的驾驶证被拒,原因是没有提交驾校培训记录。樵彬感到不解,公安部只是规定了凭居民身份证和户口簿、身体条件证明,就可以申请考试,谁规定申领驾照还必须提供驾校培训记录呢?对此,对方的答复是:“广东省公安厅和交通厅的规定。”一年前,广东省公安厅、交通厅下发红头文件关于进一步加强机动车驾驶人培训、考试工作的通知(粤公通字【2006】376号)规定:“自2006年11月15日起,除部队驾驶证或者境外驾驶证换领机动车驾驶证外,其他

2、初次申请驾驶证或者增加准驾车型的,必须持驾校出具的驾驶培训记录方可预约考试。”同年5月,樵彬向深圳市南山区法院提起行政诉讼是。11月,深圳市南山区法院作出判决:“被告广东省深圳市公安局交通警察支队车辆管理所作出的不受理原告申领机动车驾驶证申请的具体行政行为违法。”相关法律依据：中华人民共和国道路交通安全法第19条：驾驶机动车，应当依法取得机动车驾驶证。申请机动车驾驶证，应当符合国务院公安部门规定的驾驶许可条件；经考试合格后，由公安机关交通管理部门发给相应类别的机动车驾驶证。问题：1）本案中所涉及到的行政法律关系主体是（ ac ）。a 深圳市公安局 b深圳市公安局 c 车辆管理所深圳市民樵某 d

3、 深圳市南山区人民法院2）本案中，深圳市车辆管理所行使行政职权性质属于（ c ）。a行政处罚 b行政强制 c行政许可 d行政确认3）粤公、通字2006376号性质属于（ ad ）。a抽象行政行为 b具体行政行为 c地方行政规章 d其他规范性文件4）根据学习过的行政许可法有关规定，谈谈你对本案的看法。粤公通字【2006】376号无权增设行政许可。2、关某系运煤司机，一日运煤经过309国道某省某地区路段设立的交通检查站时，交通站执勤人员宋某向关某走过来，递给了关某一张处罚决定书，并对关某说：“交20块钱，再走。”关某接过处罚书，见上面印着的全部内容是：根据有关规定，罚款20元。决定书印着某省某地区

4、交通大队的印章。关某问宋某：“为什么罚我？”宋某说：“你超载。”关某辩称：“我只拉半车煤，怎么就超载？”宋某不耐烦地说：“让你交你就交，罗嗦什么？”关某说：“不说清楚，我就不交。”宋某又递过一张处罚决定书，并说：“就你这态度，再交20元。”问题：本案中，宋某的行政处罚行为哪些地方违反了行政处罚法的有关规定？（1）宋某没有出示执法证件，表明执法者身份。（2分）（2）宋某没有告知当事人作出行政处罚决定的事实、理由和根据。（2分）（3）实施处罚是没有听取当事人的陈述和申辩。（2分）（4）实施处罚没有告知当事人申请复议和诉讼的权利。（2分）（5）没有填写预定格式、编有号码的行政处罚决定书。（2分）（6

5、）实施“态度罚”，滥用自由裁量权。（2分）（7）收取罚款没有向当事人出具省级财政部门统一印制的罚款收据。（3分）3、李某到山林中捉野兔，被某县林业局所设立的护林防火检查站的工作人员截住，工作人员发现其无证入山，对其罚款10元。李某不服，欲申请行政复议。问题：1）本案中的行政主体是（ b ）。a县政府b县林业局c护林防火站d李某2）本案中的行政相对方是（ d ）。a县政府b县林业局c护林防火站d李某3）本案中的行政法律关系的主体是（ bd ）。a县政府b县林业局c护林防火站d李某4）本案中护林防火检查站恪地派出机关吗？它行使的行政职权的性质是什么？护林防火检查站不属于派出机关，它行使的行政职权的

6、性质是行政处罚权。4、某电子公司违法经营，某区工商局决定由工作人员王某、钱某负责调查处理，王某和钱某在调查取证确定其违法事实后，预备对该公司作出责令停业的处罚，在作出处罚决定之前，工商局告知该公司有权要求听证，3日后该公司未提出听证要求，工商局于5日后通知该公司参加听证会，该公司参加了听证会。会上，公司代表提出本案涉及商业秘密，要求不公开进行，主持人王某不予理睬。听证会上，听证主持人王某当场作出了责令停业3个月的处罚，并向电子公司收取了50元的听证费用。问题：试分析从程序上看，工商局的行为有哪些违法之处？（1）没有当事人的请求，不能主动举行听证会；（3分）（2）因涉及商业秘密，当事人又提出申请

7、，听证会不应当公开举行；（3分）（3）主持人王某是本案的调查人员，应当回避；（3分）（4）听证会上主持人不能当场处罚决定，应在会后由机关根据听证会的具体情况作出；（3分）（5）听证不能向当事人收取任何费用。（3分）5、2006年4月，上海淮海路上有一位违法闯红灯的海归女硕士，在警察劝阻并依法处理时，该女士对警察大打出手，最后该女士被治安拘留10天。经电视台曝光后引起众说纷纭，同情该女士的有，为交警叫好的也有。很多人说警察应该执法必严，但也有很多人说应该尊重人权。相关法律：（1）中华人民共和国道路交通法第三十八条 车辆、行人应当按照交通信号通行；遇有交通警察现场指挥时，应当按照交通警察的指挥通行

8、；在没有交通信号的道路上，应当在确保安全、畅通的原则下通行。第八十九条 行人、乘车人、非机动车驾驶人违反道路交通安全法律、法规关于道路通行规定的，处警告或者五元以上五十元以下罚款；非机动车驾驶人拒绝接受罚款处罚的，可以扣留其非机动车。（2）中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法第五十条 有下列行为之一的，处警告或者二百元以下罚款；情节严重的，处五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并处五百元以下罚款： (二)阻碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务的； 阻碍人民警察依法执行职务的，从重处罚。（3）中华人民共和国人民警察法第三十五条 拒绝或者阻碍人民警察依法执行职务，有下列行为之一的，给予治安管理处罚：（一）公然侮辱正在执行

9、职务的人民警察的；（二）阻碍人民警察调查取证的；（五）有拒绝或者阻碍人民警察执行职务的其他行为的。以暴力、威胁方法实施前款规定的行为，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。问题：1、本案中,行政主体是（ c ）。a、警察 b、海归女硕士 c、警察所在公安机关 d、电视台2、本案中，行政相对人是（ b ）。a、警察 b、海归女硕士 c、警察所在公安机关 d、电视台3、本案中，警察行使的行政职权是（ b ）。 a、行政强制 b、行政处罚 c、行政许可 d、行政命令4、本案中，海归女硕士被治安拘留的原因是（ c ）。a、违法闯红灯 b、打骂警察 c、妨碍警察执行公务 d、以上都不对5、警察的处理是否符合行政

10、法的基本原则？为什么？（请注意：本问7分，需要结合行政法基本原则理论加以说明。）警察的处理符合行政法的基本原则。 行政合法性原则要求行政主体行政职权来源合法、行政职权行使合法。 本案中警察执法权来源是合法的；在行使其职权时，也遵守了法律要求的程序，所以警察行为符合行政合法性原则的要求。 行政合理性原则的基本含义是：行政主体行政行为不仅要合法，还要合理。警察执法行为不仅符合有关法律的基本要求，而且没有超出有关法律允许的幅度范围，因而符合行政合理性原则的要求。、2004年初，某市农民宋某通过承包方式取得2.5亩农田的集体土地的使用权。但他并没有从事农业生产经营，而是经村委同意建了六间平房开饭店，并

11、将剩余的土地圈成了停车场。工程尚未完工便被该市某区某镇政府发现，镇政府经调查取证，确认宋某所建房屋系违章建筑，于2004年3月15日送达了土地违法案件行政处罚告知书。3月20日，镇政府作出行政处罚决定：对宋某建造的违章建筑予以拆除，并决定罚款5000元。相关法律：中华人民共和国土地管理法第七十六条： 未经批准或者采取欺骗手段骗取批准，非法占用土地的，由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令退还非法占用的土地，对违反土地利用总体规划擅自将农用地改为建设用地的，限期拆除在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施，恢复土地原状，对符合土地利用总体规划的，没收在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施，可以

12、并处罚款；对非法占用土地单位的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。问题：（1） 宋某行为是否违法? ( b ) a、不违法 b、违法 c、难以说清楚 d、不知道（2）镇政府处罚是否合法？（ a ） a、违法 b、不违法 c、难以说清楚 d、不知道 （2） 请说明你第（2）个问题回答的理由。镇政府处理不合法的理由在于：中华人民共和国土地管理法第七十六条明确了处罚这类违法行为的有权行政主体是县级以上人民政府土地行政管理部门。 上述案件中，镇政府可向县国土资源管理部门举报或建议予以处理，但其本身并不享有对该违法行为的行政处罚权，镇政府的行为明显超越自

13、己职权，因而是不合法的。、 2003年3月20日，某市某镇人民政府工作人员以违反计划生育法规为由，将孙某、蔡某夫妇家的一台54厘米彩色电视机带走。同年4月1日，镇政府工作人员又在蔡某任教的学校将其带走，次日放回。孙某将镇人民政府告上了县法院。 问题：（1） 本案中行政法律关系的主体是谁？本案中行政法律关系的主体是孙某、蔡某夫妇和镇政府。（2） 镇政府行为是否违法？为什么？镇政府行为违法。按照法律规定，镇政府没有权力扣押相对人财产、限制相对人人身自由。2010春考试题三、 论述题（10分）2009年1月，y省人民政府所颁布的y省计算机信息系统安全保护条例明确规定：“不得公开他人信息资料

14、，不得攻击他人系统，网吧实行实名登记”并且详细规定了有关罚则。有人认为该条例有关内容违法。问题：该条例属于何种类别的行政行为？按照我国有关法律规定，如何实现对其监督？答：该条例属于抽象的行政行为。对于抽象的行政行为可以通过以下三种途径进行监督：地方人民政府的规章应当报国务院和同级人民代表大会常务委员会备案。（1）权力机关可以撤销与宪法、法律相抵触的行政法规或规章。（2）上级行政机关可以撤销或改变下级行政机关违法、不当的规章。（3）在行政诉讼中，人民法院发现规章与宪法、法律、行政法规相抵触的规章可以不予适用。以上三种情况是对行政立法即抽象行政行为监督的法律规定。六、2008年9月，b省罗河市燕城

15、区裴庄镇要求收割玉米的农户先办理“砍伐证”、“准运证”。裴政（2008）37号文裴庄镇关于加强秋季秸秆禁烧工作的紧急通知明确规定，“严禁焚烧秸秆，实施秸秆还田”、“谁砍罚谁，谁烧罚谁”、文件的颁布日期是2008年9月3日。文件说，对因养殖、青贮等需求，农户要求砍伐的应先报镇“三秋”秸秆焚烧指挥部同意，按要求办理相关手续后经批准方可砍伐。农民李某因未经批准砍伐玉米秸秆回家喂猪被镇政府罚款三百元。问题：（15分）1. 裴庄镇关于加强秋季秸秆禁烧工作的紧急通知属于抽象行政行为还是具体行政行为？2. 裴庄镇关于加强秋季秸秆禁烧工作的紧急通知是否合法？为什么？3. 镇政府对李某的处罚是否合法？为什么？4

16、. 李某不服镇政府处罚决定，如何寻求行政法上的救济？答：1、属于具体行政行为。从一般意义上讲红头文件是抽象的行政行为，但是裴庄镇的红头文件是针对具体的人和具体的事项，即裴庄镇的农户关于收割运输玉米的具体事项。所以是具体行政行为。2、不合法。裴庄镇政府要求收割玉米的农户先办理“砍伐证”、“准运证”是一种许可行为，而乡镇政府根本就没有行政许可的权力，另外行政许可具有受益性，而不是侵犯被许可人的合法权益。3、镇政府对李某的处罚不合法。因为镇政府的处罚行为没有合法根据。4、可以向燕城区人民政府申请复议或者向燕城区人民法院提起行政诉讼。请您删除一下内容，o(_)o谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄

17、大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. it is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanis

18、m. the enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. wh

19、en a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. this may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. thus electrical signals

20、 are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. this process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the german pharmacologist loewi in 1921. chemical transmission

21、involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. at this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end

22、 plate. on release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. this is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command

23、 is required. the action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. the choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. these same principles apply to cholinergic transmis

24、sion at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. in the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve

25、fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain

26、at nerve-to-nerve synapses. to understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. in post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some

27、are receptors for acetylcholine. these are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. it is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. two major types of

28、acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. the type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. these terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic

29、 receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. in the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in

30、skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. in the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme a through the action of the enzyme choline a

31、cetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-bound vesicles . after the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft . for the nerve signal to continue, acety

32、lcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate a receptor protein. there are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons an

33、d skeletal muscle cells. upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting in depolarization of the neuron. muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of

34、 chemical events referred to as signal transduction. for a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. this will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. low synaptic concentrations

35、 of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. this enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. if acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. if

36、 this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) i

37、nhibition. drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with alzheimer's disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in new york city during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in americ

38、an art in the following decade; also called action painting and the new york school. it was the first important school in american painting to declare its independence from european styles and to influence the development of art abroad. arshile gorky first gave impetus to the movement. his paintings

39、, derived at first from the art of picasso, miró, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. jackson pollock's turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile publi

40、c. willem de kooning's first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. his intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of thei

41、r execution. painters such as philip guston and franz kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. other important artists involved with the movement included hans hofmann, rob

42、ert motherwell, and mark rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as clyfford still, theodoros stamos, adolph gottlieb, helen frankenthaler, lee krasner, and esteban vicente. abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though

43、not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. for example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de kooning or pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of mark rothko. basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surfa

44、ce qualities, i.e., qualities of brushstroke and texture; the use of huge canvases; the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work; the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting; the glorification of the

45、 act of painting itself as a means of visual communication; and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. the movement had an inestimable influence on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. its essential energy

46、 transmitted an enduring excitement to the american art scene. science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and the planets to studying molecules and viruses. beginning with the greeks and hipparchus, continuing through ptolemy, copernicus and ga

47、lileo, and today with our work on the international space station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens.  from here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. to truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen by studying the chemistry of biological p

48、rocesses. this science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit. analytic geometry, branch of geometry in which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such as&#

49、160;cartesian coordinates, and in which the approach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. its most common application is in the representation of equations involving two or three variables as curves in two or three dimensions or surfaces in three dimensions. for example, the linear equation

50、 ax+by+c=0 represents a straight line in thexy-plane, and the linear equation ax+by+cz+d=0 represents a plane in space, where a, b, c, and dare constant numbers (coefficients). in this way a geometric problem can be translated into an algebraic problem and the methods of alg

51、ebra brought to bear on its solution. conversely, the solution of a problem in algebra, such as finding the roots of an equation or system of equations, can be estimated or sometimes given exactly by geometric means, e.g., plotting curves and surfaces and determining points of intersection.  in

52、 plane analytic geometry a line is frequently described in terms of its slope, which expresses its inclination to the coordinate axes; technically, the slope m of a straight line is the (trigonometric) tangent of the angle it makes with the x-axis. if the line is parallel to the 

53、x-axis, its slope is zero. two or more lines with equal slopes are parallel to one another. in general, the slope of the line through the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by m= (y2-y1) / (x2-x1). the conic sections are treated in analytic geometry as the curves corresponding to t

54、he general quadratic equation ax2+bxy+cy2+dx+ey+f=0, where a, b, f are constants and a, b, and c are not all zero. in solid analytic geometry the orientation of a straight line is given not by one slope but by its direction cosines, , , and , the cosines of the ang

55、les the line makes with the x-, y-, and z-axes, respectively; these satisfy the relationship 2+2+2= 1. in the same way that the conic sections are studied in two dimensions, the 17 quadric surfaces, e.g., the ellipsoid, paraboloid, and elliptic paraboloid, are studied in solid analyti

56、c geometry in terms of the general equationax2+by2+cz2+dxy+exz+fyz+px+qy+rz+s=0. the methods of analytic geometry have been generalized to four or more dimensions and have been combined with other branches of geometry. analytic geometry was introduced by renédescartes in 1637 and was of fundamental importance in the development of the calculus by sir isaac newton and g. w. leibniz in the late 17th cent. more recently it has served as the basis for the modern development and exploitation of algebraic geometry. circle, closed plane curve consisting of all points at a