专业英语考的资料

1、第四章科技术语构词中常见的前缀和后缀第四章科技术语构词中常见的前缀和后缀科技英语常见词缀举例如下：科技英语常见词缀举例如下：一、前缀（一、前缀（prefixes）1. a- 非，不非，不asymmetry 非对称性非对称性astray 偏离偏离2. aero- 空气，飞机空气，飞机aerodynamics 空气动力学空气动力学aero-craft carrier 航空母舰航空母舰 3. all- 全全all-weather transportation 全天候运输全天候运输all-round champion 全能冠军全能冠军4. anti- 反、逆、抗、防、耐反、逆、抗、防、耐antifre

2、eze pump 防冻泵防冻泵anti-phase 反相反相5. astro- 天文，宇宙天文，宇宙astronavigation 天文导航天文导航astrovehicle 宇宙飞行器宇宙飞行器6. auto- 自动，自自动，自autocoder 自动编码器自动编码器autochart 自动流程图自动流程图7. bi- 双，重双，重 bipolar relay 双极继电器双极继电器bicarbonate 重碳酸盐重碳酸盐8. bio- 生物，生生物，生bionics 仿生学仿生学biocatalyst 生物催化剂生物催化剂 9. cine- 电影电影cinefilm 电影胶片电影胶片 cine

3、microscopy 电影显微术电影显微术 10. co- 共，同共，同 coaxial cable 同轴电缆同轴电缆cosine 余弦余弦11. contro- 反，逆反，逆controsurge winding 防冲屏蔽绕组防冲屏蔽绕组controflow 逆流逆流12. counter- 逆，反逆，反counteractant 中和剂中和剂counterpart 对方对方13. de- 除，脱除，脱defroster 除霜剂除霜剂derailment 脱轨脱轨14. deci- 十分之一十分之一 ，十分，十分decimal 十进制十进制decibel 分贝分贝15. di- 双，偶，两双

4、，偶，两diode 二极管二极管dibit 两位两位16. du- 二，双二，双duplicate 一式两份一式两份duoplasmatron 双等离子体发射器双等离子体发射器17. equi- 同等，均同等，均equipartition 均分均分equilibrium 均衡均衡18. ferro- 铁，钢铁，钢ferroalloy 铁合金铁合金ferroconcrete 钢筋混泥土钢筋混泥土19. gyro- 陀螺，旋转陀螺，旋转gyroscope 陀螺仪陀螺仪gyrosphere 回转球回转球20. hecto- 百百hectare 公顷公顷hectolitre 百升百升21. hemi-

5、 半半hemisphere 半球半球hemipyramid 半锥体半锥体22. hepta- 七七heptagon 七角形七角形heptad 七价原子七价原子23. hexa- 六六hexagon 六角形六角形hexaploid 六倍体六倍体24. homo- 同，相似同，相似homogeneity 同种同种homoclime 相同气候相同气候25. hydro- 水，氢化水，氢化hydroelectric locomotive 液力传动内燃机车液力传动内燃机车hydrofining 氢化提纯氢化提纯26. hyper- 高，超，重，过高，超，重，过hypertension 高血压高血压hyp

6、ervelocity 超高速超高速27. infra- 下，亚，次下，亚，次infrared rays 红外线红外线infrastructure 地基地基28. inter- 相互，际间相互，际间internet 互联网互联网intercity train 城际列车城际列车29. iso- 等，同等，同isotherm 等温线等温线isotope 同位素同位素30. macro- 大，宏观，常量大，宏观，常量macrocontrol 宏观调控宏观调控microanalysis 常量分析常量分析31. mal- 不，失不，失malnutrition 营养不良营养不良malfunction 失灵失

7、灵32. mega- 兆，百万兆，百万megalopolis 特大城市特大城市megaton 百万吨级百万吨级33. micro- 微观微观microelectronics 微电子学微电子学microfilm 缩微胶卷缩微胶卷34. mono- 单，一单，一monocle 单片眼镜单片眼镜monochord 单弦琴单弦琴35. multi- 多多multiplane 多翼机多翼机multipole 多极多极36. ortho- 正，直正，直orthocenter 垂心垂心orthograph 正投影图正投影图37. over- 过，超过，超overrun 超限超限overexposure 曝光

8、过度曝光过度38. photo- 光电，光敏光电，光敏photosynthesis 光合作用光合作用photoreceptor 感光器感光器39. poly- 多，聚多，聚polymer 聚合物聚合物polyethylene 聚乙烯聚乙烯 40. post- 后后post-acceleration 偏转后加速偏转后加速postmeridian 午后午后41. pseudo- 伪，假伪，假pseudo-program 伪程序伪程序pseudophotoesthesia 光幻觉光幻觉42. quadr- 四，二次四，二次quadruplicate 一式四份一式四份quadraphonic 四声道立

9、体声四声道立体声43. quasi- 准，拟准，拟quasi-high-speed 准高速准高速quasi-ordering 拟序拟序44. semi- 半半 semi-final 半决赛半决赛semitrailer 半挂车半挂车45. stereo- 立体的立体的 stereooptics 立体光学立体光学stereophone 立体声耳机立体声耳机46. sub- 子，亚子，亚 subloop 子回路子回路subsoil 亚土层亚土层47. super- 超超superhighway 超级公路超级公路superconductor 超导体超导体48. tele- 远，电远，电telemetr

10、y 遥测术遥测术telecommunication 电信电信49. thermo- 热热thermostat 恒温器恒温器thermoscreen 隔热屏隔热屏50. trans- 超，越，变换超，越，变换transparency 透明度透明度transpassivation 过钝化过钝化51. tri-，ter- 三三tertiary 第三产业第三产业triplicate 一式三份一式三份52. ultra- 超，过超，过ultrasonic 超声波超声波ultrastructure 超微结构超微结构二、后缀（二、后缀（suffixes）1. -er（or）器，机器，机air-oil boo

11、ster 气气-液增压器液增压器air compressor 空气压缩机空气压缩机2. -ite 石，矿物石，矿物granite 花岗石花岗石sulphite 亚硫酸盐亚硫酸盐3. -meter 表，计表，计speedometer 速度计速度计ohmmeter 电阻表电阻表4. -ity 性，度性，度absolute viscosity 绝对粘度绝对粘度track elasticity 轨道弹性轨道弹性5. -scope 仪，镜仪，镜spectroscope 光谱仪光谱仪telescope 望远镜望远镜6. -graph 仪，机仪，机spectrograph 摄谱仪摄谱仪telegraphy

12、电报机电报机（2）空间顺序（）空间顺序（spatial order）按事物在空间所处位置的排列情况所进行的一种描述按事物在空间所处位置的排列情况所进行的一种描述方法，比如通常是由前到后、由内而外、从左至右、从顶方法，比如通常是由前到后、由内而外、从左至右、从顶部到底部、从近处到远处等。这对仪器设备的描述是很有部到底部、从近处到远处等。这对仪器设备的描述是很有用的。用的。 表示位置的常用语有以下一些：表示位置的常用语有以下一些：a. 名词名词 front, back, side, center, middle, top, bottom, end, edge, interior, inside,

13、exterior, outside, border, perimeter b. 形容词形容词 front, back, rear, central, superior, upper, inferior, lower, inner, interior, outer, exterior, near, far, distant, parallel, perpendicular, vertical, horizontalc. 副词副词forward, backward, sideways, up, down, upward, clockwise, counter-clockwise d. 介词介词 i

14、n front of, behind, at the back of, on, above, over, under, below, beneath, underneath, at the top of, along, in the middle of, between, through, among, within, throughout, outside, around, beyond, at the end of, across, from, past, opposite, near, towards, to the right of, from to （3）分门别类法（）分门别类法（c

15、lassification或或division）把一个广泛的题材分成几个类别，然后分类叙述。把一个广泛的题材分成几个类别，然后分类叙述。常用的词汇有：常用的词汇有： a. 形容词形容词 major, main, primary, secondary, former, latter, most important, least importantb. 名词名词 class, kind, type, division, classification, aspect, part, characteristic c. 动词动词 divide into, group into, put into, fa

16、ll into, consist of, classify as (into), categorize as (into) a. 用于比较的词语用于比较的词语similarly, likewise, correspondingly, in the same way, to resemble, to equal, both and , either or, neither nor, not only but also , like, identical, equally, similar to, equal to, a similarity b. 用于对照的词语用于对照的词语 to differ

17、 from (in), to contrast with, to distinguish between, in contrast, on the other hand, not as as, unlike, while, whereas, although, differently, even if, in contrast to, as opposed to, distinct from, different from, however, but, more (less) than, a contrast, a dissimilarity, a difference 写摘要常用的句式写摘要

18、常用的句式: :介绍论文内容或作者的观点介绍论文内容或作者的观点the authors present aprinciple that predict作者提出了一种作者提出了一种原理，该原理能预测原理，该原理能预测 the paper presents the data in terms of本文用本文用给出了给出了的数据的数据the brief history of is presented.本文介绍了本文介绍了 的简史。的简史。the authors describe a configuration of作者描述了一种作者描述了一种构造。构造。this paper describes th

19、e principles and techniques of 本文描述了本文描述了的原理和技术。的原理和技术。performance goals and various approaches to are briefly described.简述了性能目标和达到简述了性能目标和达到的各种途径的各种途径。this paper addresses the problem of本文论述本文论述的问题。的问题。the first paper deals with第一篇论文论述了第一篇论文论述了this paper is devoted to assessment of本文专论如何评估本文专论如何评估t

20、his paper is concerned with the analysis of本文对本文对进行了分析。进行了分析。the article looks at 本文考察了本文考察了介绍科技论文研讨的课题介绍科技论文研讨的课题the performance characteristics ofare studied theoretically and experimentally.对对的性能特征进行了理论和实验研究。的性能特征进行了理论和实验研究。the paper examinesand consider本文研究了本文研究了并考虑了并考虑了 the authors consider two

21、 specific subjects which作者考虑了两个作者考虑了两个的专门课题。的专门课题。 a principle of constructingis considered in this paper本文考虑了建立本文考虑了建立的原则。的原则。this article discusses the reasons for and offers an insight into本文讨论了本文讨论了的原因并提出了对的原因并提出了对的观点。的观点。the influence ofonis investigated.研究了研究了对对所产生的影响。所产生的影响。this paper analyze

22、s some important characteristics of本文分析了本文分析了 的一些重要特性。的一些重要特性。this process is analyzed using使用使用对这一过程进行了分析。对这一过程进行了分析。介绍论文涉及的范围介绍论文涉及的范围some of the specific topics discussed are:论述的专门课题包括论述的专门课题包括 t h e a r t i c l e c o n t a i n s s o m e p r a c t i c a l recommendations on本文包含了一些有关本文包含了一些有关的实际建议

23、。的实际建议。the scope of the research covers本研究的范围涉及本研究的范围涉及 subjects covered include涉及的课题包括涉及的课题包括综述与概括对某一领域的研究课题综述与概括对某一领域的研究课题this paper reviews, summarizes the theory fromviewpoint, discusses, and presents 本文综述了本文综述了，从从观点概述了这一理论，并观点概述了这一理论，并讨论了讨论了，还提出了还提出了 介绍论文重点介绍论文重点 this report concentrates on 本报告

24、的重点是本报告的重点是attention is concentrated on重点是重点是particular attention is/was paid to特别重视特别重视 there has been a focusand attention is being paid to一直是重点，而且现在都重视一直是重点，而且现在都重视the greatest emphasis has been on极其重视极其重视the primary emphasis in this paper is on本文的重点是本文的重点是介绍论文的目的介绍论文的目的this paper seeks to justif

25、yin terms of本文追求的目标是从本文追求的目标是从角度来论证角度来论证one of the purposes of this study is本研究的一个目的是本研究的一个目的是the aim of this study is to carry out analysis for本项研究的目的是对本项研究的目的是对进行分析。进行分析。 the primary objective of the study was to determine本研究的主要目标是确定本研究的主要目标是确定the work is aimed at examining本研究的目的是研究本研究的目的是研究介绍成果的获

26、取和开发介绍成果的获取和开发this paper provides the quantitative background to本文为本文为提供了量化基础。提供了量化基础。the computed simulation ofis provided for为为进行了进行了计算机模拟。计算机模拟。the authors have developed two method of作者制定了作者制定了的两种方法。的两种方法。a theoretical model has been developed to predict研制了一种理论模型来预测研制了一种理论模型来预测 a theoretical tre

27、atment of a new model ofis given.本文给出了本文给出了的新模型的理论处理方法。的新模型的理论处理方法。data pertinent toare given.给出了有关给出了有关的资料。的资料。介绍观察和证明介绍观察和证明new evidence indicates that新的证据表明新的证据表明 in this paper, the authors show how文中作者们说明了怎样文中作者们说明了怎样 studies have shown that 研究表明研究表明it is shown that已证明已证明in this paper it is demo

28、nstrated that本文已经证明本文已经证明介绍运算和计量介绍运算和计量as part of, the authors have measured the minimum velocities of作为作为的一部分，作者测量了的一部分，作者测量了的最小速度。的最小速度。the main body orientation is measured by means of主体定位是通过主体定位是通过计量的。计量的。this paper determines the energetically rational range of本文确定了本文确定了的能量合理范围。的能量合理范围。介绍应用与用途介

29、绍应用与用途two basic technologies are used to lay down 采用了两种基本技术来建立采用了两种基本技术来建立such a statistical method has been applied to已将这样一种统计法用于已将这样一种统计法用于介绍评估与比较介绍评估与比较常用词语有常用词语有evaluate, assess, compare, agree with等。等。the present work evaluate the low-temperature properties of本项研究评估了本项研究评估了的低温性质的低温性质the role of

30、 has been critically assessed by严格评审了严格评审了的作用。的作用。the calculated results agree with the experimental results.计算结果与实验结果完全一致。计算结果与实验结果完全一致。介绍试验与实验介绍试验与实验常用词语有常用词语有test, experiment等。等。the experiments onhave been carried out using使用使用进行了进行了的实验的实验 。the tests were carried out on试验是在试验是在上进行的。上进行的。介绍论证与依据介绍

31、论证与依据常用词语有常用词语有be based on, base on, take an reference等。等。the method is based on这种方法的基础是这种方法的基础是constitutive equation ofis formulated based on的构成式是以的构成式是以公式为基础的。公式为基础的。介绍推荐与建议介绍推荐与建议常用的词语有常用的词语有propose, suggest, recommend等。等。the author proposes an approach to作者建议创立一种方法来作者建议创立一种方法来suggestions were ma

32、de for further study of提出了进一步研究提出了进一步研究的建议。的建议。 it is suggested that有人建议有人建议 recommendations are made regarding提出了有关提出了有关的建议。的建议。介绍结论的语句介绍结论的语句常用词语有常用词语有conclude, arrive at等。等。the paper concludes that 本文的结论是本文的结论是 it was concluded that所作出的结论是所作出的结论是 例如：例如：普通英语词普通英语词 科技英语中的非技术词科技英语中的非技术词 （一般语体）（一般语体）

33、 （正式语体）（正式语体） about approximately ask inquire begin commence buy purchase carry bear change transform cheap inexpensive end conclude finish complete 普通英语词普通英语词 科技英语中的非技术词科技英语中的非技术词 （一般语体）（一般语体） （正式语体）（正式语体） get obtain give accord have possess method technique obtainable available avoid circumvent qu

34、ick rapid say remark similar identical touch contact try endeavor 普通英语词普通英语词 科技英语中的非技术词科技英语中的非技术词 （一般语体）（一般语体） （正式语体）（正式语体） use employ或或utilize put place fire flame happy excited careful cautious care caution heart center enough sufficient by which whereby in which wherein in the end eventually （2）一

35、些短语动词往往由正式动词（通常来源于）一些短语动词往往由正式动词（通常来源于拉丁语）替代，表现出科技英语行文要求精练，表达拉丁语）替代，表现出科技英语行文要求精练，表达上力避冗繁。上力避冗繁。例如：例如：短语动词正式动词短语动词正式动词 turn on complete take in absorb push in insert push down depress put up erect put together aggregate put out extinguish put in add 短语动词正式动词短语动词正式动词 wear away erode take away remove

36、send for summon use up consume；exhaust carry out perform come across encounter make up invent put up with tolerate go with accompany fill up occupy 短语动词正式动词短语动词正式动词 bring out introduce break up rupture look at（over） examine find out discover drive forward propel keep up maintain turn upside down inv

37、ert set fire（light）to ignite makeweak weaken takeinto places dismantle turninto liquid liquefy be made up of be composed of 下面是写正文时常用的一些句型：下面是写正文时常用的一些句型：阐明论文目的（宗旨阐明论文目的（宗旨）时常用的句型：时常用的句型： a. 本文的主要目的是本文的主要目的是 the purpose of this paper is the primary goal of this research is the intention of this pape

38、r is to survey the overall objective of this study is in this paper, was provided（given, illustrated） our goal has been to provide in this paper, we aim at the emphasis of this study lies inb. 该项工作是关于该项工作是关于 the present work is concerned with the processes underlying the above work deals with the me

39、chanism involved in our work at present is devoted to the changes occurring in the work we have done bears on the effects produced by the work we are doing is closely related to the deliberations described in compared with the current research, the previous work was in connection with the investigat

40、ion made by the work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of the followingthe authors are now initiating some experimental in investigation to establish our studies were performed to determine the amount of the problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of c. 该项工作的主要目的是该项工作的

41、主要目的是 the chief aim of the present work is to investigate the feature of the main purpose of our recent work was to examine the properties of the major object of their further work will be research into the nature of our work in this direction has been intended to provide some information about the

42、work which is being done now is designed to find some solution to the problem of work of this kind has been started in order to assess the role of previous work in this area was initiated in the hope of obtaining data in we did this work hoping to establish the authors undertook the work with a view

43、 to show the authors undertook the work with a view to show by doing this work we expect demonstrate doing this joint work, we intend to show the primary objective of our work was to define the reasons for redundant protection systems and give examples of systems used in with research of many years,

44、 the authors endeavor is to explain why in the above-mentioned work has been performed with a view of d. 该项研究的主要目的是该项研究的主要目的是 the chief aim of the present study is to find out the primary object of this fundamental research will be to reveal the cause of the main objective of our investigation has b

45、een to obtain some knowledge of the study ofwas made in order to clarify the above study has been carried out to determine their studies were intended to elucidate those earlier investigations are in hopes of providing evidence for we performed this present study in the hope that we might bring to l

46、ight some facts about the authors attempted their studies in order that they might we undertook the above study to the end that we might they initiated the present study so that they might carrying out this study we hope to find out performing these studies the author intended to reveal with recent

47、research, the author intends to outline the framework ofe. 该项实验主要是为了该项实验主要是为了 we made these experiment in order to show a correlation between the author attempted the set of experiment with a view to demonstrate certain phenomena experiments onwere made in order to measure the amount of experiments

48、involvinghave been carried out to determine experiments using this technique are under way to test（check） experiments onare made to answer the question whether experiment being made by our research group is aimed at obtaining the result of we have designed such an experiment for the purpose of 指明研究范

49、围时常用的句型：指明研究范围时常用的句型： a. 该问题是关于该问题是关于的研究的研究 this problem is concerned （chiefly）with the study of the problem ofdeals（largely）with the determination of the problem they have advanced bears on the elucidation of the problem to be discussed in this paper is related closely with the problem described pr

50、eviously was directed to the example the problem under investigation involves some significant agreements and disagreements in b. 这是研究这是研究的问题的问题 this is a problem concerned with the nature of this is a problem relating to the influence of this is a problem which deals with the role of this is a prob

51、lem which bears on the effect of this is a problem in connection with this is a problem as mentioned previously inc. 该问题在该问题在范围之内（之外）范围之内（之外） the problem in within the scope of our problem lies beyond the range of the problem you have just outlined seems to be outside of the province ofd. 该项研究涉及到该项研

52、究涉及到范围范围 studies of these effects cover various aspects of investigation oninvolve also specific situation. our studies with this technique are confined to one particular aspect more recent studies by this worker were chiefly concerned with the influence of the research on the conventional technique

53、s explains well the phenomenon the new findings from the experiment agree to the result obtained ine. 该研究进一步推广到该研究进一步推广到范围范围 the authors have extended their studies to some other related species we hope to expand our investigations to include other materials the research we have done deserves furthe

54、r studies. the investigation carried out by the experts suggests an increase of the application in the approach under study predicates a wider range of application. 阐述理论时的常用句型：阐述理论时的常用句型： a. 该理论是该理论是提出来的提出来的 the theory ofwas created 50 years ago. the alternative theory was constructed in 80s. the th

55、eory ofwas developed in the 1999s. the theory ofwas elaborated in the early 70s. the theory ofwas formulated as early as 2000. the theory ofwas advanced as long ago as the 1995s. the theory ofwas put forward as far back as 1995. the theory ofwas proposed last year. the theory ofwas suggested the yea

56、r before last year. b. 该理论的内容（特点）是该理论的内容（特点）是 underlying this theory is the idea that the underlying concept of this theory is the underlying principle of the theory is as follows this is an alternative theory that this is a similar theory to the effect that this is working theory which is based on

57、the idea that a basic feature of this theory is the fundamental feature of this theory is as follow the theory is characterized by prove to be the outstanding feature of the theory. c. 根据该理论，可得出根据该理论，可得出 according to bs theory both processes occur simultaneously. as follows from the theory by n, suc

58、h situation lead to as can be seen from the theory advanced bysuch interactions are the basis of in the light of the theory, we have developed a variational method to handle such problems. based on the theory, the author has obtained sufficient information from recent experiments with d. 该理论认为该理论认为

59、the kinetic theory holds that this new-developed theory maintains that the theory advanced byclaims that the theory ofpredicts that the principal concept of the theory lies in the investigating theorye. 应用该理论（不）能说明应用该理论（不）能说明 we can interpret these findings in terms of the above theory. we cannot ex

60、plain these phenomena using the above theory. we can hardly explain these findings applying this theory. these findings can be interpreted in terms of the above theory such phenomena cannot be explained on the basis of this theory. the theory can apply to other cases of the theory developed byis val