牛津高二英语M8U2The universal word study

1、牛津高二英语牛津高二英语M8U2word study1.universal adj.the Universal Declaration of Human 世界人权宣言世界人权宣言/ 宇宙的宇宙的 ；全世界的；全世界的War causes universal misery. 战争造成了普遍的痛苦。战争造成了普遍的痛苦。Television provides universal entertainment。 a universal rule 普遍规律普遍规律/ 普通的；普通的；一般的；全体的一般的；全体的=generala universal meter 通用电表通用电表/ 通用的通用的万能的万能

2、的Ex: 那年普遍干旱那年普遍干旱足球是全球性的运动足球是全球性的运动The drought is universal that year.Football is a universal game.3. star n. 星，恒星；明星；星形物星，恒星；明星；星形物the North/polar star北极星北极星a shooting star 流星流星The sun is a star. 太阳是恒星。太阳是恒星。a five pointed star 五角星五角星/ 星状物星状物a film star 明星明星 Star vt. 用星号标于用星号标于,由由主演，由主演，由担担任主角任主角 v

3、i. 担任主角担任主角 (starred;starring) adj. 星形的；明星的，主角的星形的；明星的，主角的In the list the starred questions are the most difficult. an old film starring Charlie Chaplin 以以为主演为主演star sb. (in sth) 使某人担任主演，由使某人担任主演，由某人主演。某人主演。 He was starred in this film.Star出名，有成就；表现卓著，干得出色：出名，有成就；表现卓著，干得出色：He has starred at his task

4、.他出色地完成了任务。他出色地完成了任务。Its not the aim for her to star.出人头地不是她的目的。出人头地不是她的目的。We know something about the play which _ Wang Ji.A. stars B. starring C. to star D. having starredA.4. cast vt. (cast, cast) vt. 投；抛；掷；脱落投；抛；掷；脱落 He shut me up in the copper jar and had it cast into the sea. 他把我禁锢在坛子里，并叫人把坛子抛

5、他把我禁锢在坛子里，并叫人把坛子抛入大海。入大海。 The fisherman cast his net into the water. 渔民把网撒在水里。渔民把网撒在水里。 The horse cast a shoe. 马脱了蹄铁。马脱了蹄铁。 Cast选派演员，分派角色选派演员，分派角色 cast sb.(as sb) , cast sb. (in sth) He was cast for the part of Yang Zirong.他扮演杨子荣。他扮演杨子荣。The part was cast to him.这个角色分这个角色分配给他演。配给他演。He was cast as Oth

6、ello/ in the role of Othello.他将被选派担任奥赛罗这一角色。他将被选派担任奥赛罗这一角色。outdoor adj. 作定语作定语 户外的，户外用户外的，户外用的，露天的的，露天的outdoor activities 户外活动户外活动outdoor clothing 户外穿的衣服户外穿的衣服outdoor sport 户外运动户外运动outdoors adv.在户外在户外 ,在露天在露天,在外面在外面Indoor adj. Indoors adv.Feature n. 容貌；特色，特征；特写或专题节目容貌；特色，特征；特写或专题节目vi. 起重要作用起重要作用vt.

7、以以为特色；由为特色；由主演；特写主演；特写make a feature of以以为特色；给为特色；给以显著以显著位置位置a film featuring famous actorsThe newspaper featured the story of the event.feature filmsa feature articleHer eyes are her best feature.unconditional adj. 无条件的；绝对的；无条件的；绝对的；无限制的无限制的1. working conditions工作条件，劳动条件工作条件，劳动条件2. be in (a) condit

8、ion to适宜适宜(做某事做某事)，有，有(做某事做某事的的)条件，能条件，能(做某事做某事)3. be in no condition to不适宜不适宜(做某事做某事)，缺乏，缺乏(做做某事的某事的)条件条件6. in (或或 out of) condition健康状况好健康状况好(或不好或不好)，身体条件适合身体条件适合(或不适合或不适合)7. make it a condition that以以为条件为条件8. on (或或 upon) condition that倘若，如果；在倘若，如果；在条件下条件下9. on no condition在任何情况下都不，决不在任何情况下都不，决不1

9、0. on this (that)condition在这种在这种(那种那种)情况下情况下5.be drunk with 醉心于醉心于，沉溺，沉溺于于 由于由于 而忘乎所以而忘乎所以Its reported that many middle school students are drunk with playing computer games.The young couple were drunk with their happy and peaceful life.be drunk with 醉心于醉心于，对，对痴迷，痴迷，陶醉于陶醉于He is drunk with success不要沉

10、迷于网络不要沉迷于网络They are drunk with making a fortune. Dont be drunk with network . 他们醉心于发财致富。他们醉心于发财致富。dare vi (with or without to)，1)（用或不用（用或不用 to,）敢于，敢）敢于，敢 胆敢。胆敢。 He didnt dare (to) go I wonder how he dares (to) say such things. Ive never dared (to ) ask him 2) 敢冒（危险）：面对；不惧敢冒（危险）：面对；不惧 He will dare an

11、y danger. 他敢冒任何他敢冒任何危险。危险。3）dare sb (to do sth.) 挑激，暗示某挑激，暗示某人无勇气或能力做某事。人无勇气或能力做某事。I dare you to say that again! 我谅你也我谅你也不敢再说这样的话。不敢再说这样的话。He dares me to jump from the bridge into the river.他激将我从桥上跳到河里。他激将我从桥上跳到河里。情态动词情态动词 dare主要用于疑问、否定或条件句主要用于疑问、否定或条件句敢；竟敢；竟敢：敢：How dare you speak to me like that?你怎

12、么敢那样对我说话你怎么敢那样对我说话?She dare not mention the subject again.她不敢重提那个话题。她不敢重提那个话题。 Need dare 行为动词：行为动词： 情态动词：情态动词： 有人称有人称 数的变化数的变化 主要用于主要用于 否定句否定句 疑问句疑问句 后接不等式后接不等式 I dare say 是固定用法是固定用法 否定式要用否定式要用dont /doesnt/ didnt 疑问式用疑问式用Do/ does/ did Dare 的否定式的否定式 疑问式后的疑问式后的to可以省略可以省略 He doesnt need to answer this

13、question. Does he dare to daring n冒险精神，勇气，勇敢冒险精神，勇气，勇敢lose ones daring 失去勇气失去勇气adj. 勇敢的。胆大的勇敢的。胆大的a daring robbery.胆大的抢劫胆大的抢劫What a daring thing to do!这真是件有胆量的人做的事。这真是件有胆量的人做的事。1. dare someone to do something估计某估计某人不敢人不敢(或没有能力或没有能力)做某事，激某人做某事做某事，激某人做某事2. do something for a dare被激得做某事被激得做某事3. I dare

14、saya. (我想我想)可能，或许，大概，猜想，料想可能，或许，大概，猜想，料想b. (我想我想)是这样；很可能；当然是这样；很可能；当然4. I dare swear.我确信。我确信。5. take a dare口语口语接受挑战接受挑战He darent speak in public.He dares to speak in public.The shy girl _ dance before so many strangers, _ she?A. darent ;does B. darent ; dare C. doesnt dare ; dare D. dare not; daresB

15、 exercise. vt. 应用，运用应用，运用相关短语：相关短语： exercise control over.对对 .实施实施.控控制制 ，控制，控制exercise patience 运用耐心运用耐心exercise authority over sb 对对使用使用权威权威; 管束某人管束某人exercise ones rights行使权行使权 利利exercise tolerance/power over sb.对对某人用忍耐力某人用忍耐力/权力权力 exercise ones right 行使权力行使权力exercise control over 对对实施控制，实施控制，控制控制W

16、e should think of a way to exercise control over our expenses.lose control ofbe(get) out of control 失去控制失去控制be in control of sth 在在控制下，指挥，控制下，指挥，管理某事物管理某事物under the control of 被被控制着控制着bring/get sth. under control;be under control抑制；控制抑制；控制 1）The pilot _ _ _ (失去控制失去控制) the plane.2)She managed to _ _

17、_ (控制住控制住) her car on the ice.3)She may be old ,but she is still _ _ (掌管掌管)lost control ofkeep control ofin control Ex: 翻译翻译1）He exercise his right as a citizen.2）Teachers exercise authority.他行使公民权。他行使公民权。教师对学生进行管束。教师对学生进行管束。8.break ones promise 食言食言;收回承诺。收回承诺。keep ones promise遵守诺言遵守诺言promise onesel

18、f 指望；期待；决心指望；期待；决心promise n. 许诺，允诺；希望许诺，允诺；希望vt. 允诺，许诺；给人以允诺，许诺；给人以的指望或希望的指望或希望vi. 许诺；有指望，有前途许诺；有指望，有前途预示：预示：The clouds promise rain.阴云预示有雨。阴云预示有雨。promising a. 有希望的有希望的,有前途的有前途的9.recite vt 背诵，朗诵；叙述，描述，列举，背诵，朗诵；叙述，描述，列举，一一说出。一一说出。He recited his poem in front of the whole class.The mayo recited to the

19、 Queen a long and tedious speech of welcome市长向女王背诵了一篇又长又臭的欢迎词。市长向女王背诵了一篇又长又臭的欢迎词。recite ones grievances 描述某人的苦难。描述某人的苦难。recite the names of all the capital cities of Europe 列举欧洲各国的首都的名字列举欧洲各国的首都的名字10. threaten v. 恐吓，威胁；预示恐吓，威胁；预示的凶兆；有的凶兆；有的危险的危险He threatened to make the phone public.他恐吓说要把那张照片公开。他恐吓

20、说要把那张照片公开。The heavy black clouds threaten a storm.乌云密布预示着暴风雨将到来。乌云密布预示着暴风雨将到来。The robber threatened me with a gun.threaten sb with death用死威胁某人用死威胁某人threaten to do sth威胁要做谋事威胁要做谋事Ex. 翻译：翻译：他扬言要辞职。他扬言要辞职。他没有威胁的意思。他没有威胁的意思。Threaten peaceThreaten sb with deathHe threatened to resignHe doesnt mean to thr

21、eaten威胁和平威胁和平用死来威胁某人用死来威胁某人11. terrify vt .(terrified) fill sb. with fear.使恐怖，使惊恐。使恐怖，使惊恐。 The child was terrified of being left alone in the house.那孩子因为一个人在家而感到害怕。那孩子因为一个人在家而感到害怕。She was terrified out of her wits. 她吓的魂不附体她吓的魂不附体What a terrifying experience!多可怕的一次经历！多可怕的一次经历！terrifying adj terrified

22、 adjThe thunderstorm terrified the child.大雷雨把这孩子吓坏了。大雷雨把这孩子吓坏了。The animals were terrified by the storm.动物被风暴吓坏了动物被风暴吓坏了They were terrified by his sudden appearance.他的突然出现，把他们吓他的突然出现，把他们吓了一跳。了一跳。The children were terrified of being scolded.那孩子害怕挨骂。那孩子害怕挨骂。11.torture vt.n 使受剧烈痛苦，折磨。使受剧烈痛苦，折磨。Many of t

23、he prisoners have been tortured.许多囚犯都被刑讯逼供过。许多囚犯都被刑讯逼供过。Dont torture yourself by thinking those unpleasant things. torture a man to make him confess sth.拷打一个人使其招供拷打一个人使其招供Recently he was tortured with great anxiety.最近他为烦恼所苦。最近他为烦恼所苦。torture n.拷打，拷问，酷刑逼供；拷打，拷问，酷刑逼供；（精神或肉体上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦（精神或肉体上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦T

24、he confession was made under torture.这份供词是严刑逼供得来的。这份供词是严刑逼供得来的。A whole day without chocolate must be torture for you。一整天没有巧克力吃肯定让你难受。一整天没有巧克力吃肯定让你难受。12.Stage n. 舞台；戏剧；驿站；阶段舞台；戏剧；驿站；阶段 vt. 上演；举行；筹划上演；举行；筹划 vi. 适于上演；举行；乘驿车旅行适于上演；举行；乘驿车旅行To stage Hamlet上演上演哈姆雷特哈姆雷特This drama was well/badly staged这剧本适合这

25、剧本适合/不适合上演。不适合上演。The group of students staged a drama written by themselves.这群学生把自己写的戏剧搬上了舞台。这群学生把自己写的戏剧搬上了舞台。短语短语1.bring someone on (或或 to) the stage把某人写进剧本把某人写进剧本2. by easy stages从容不迫地从容不迫地3. by stages分期地；分阶段地分期地；分阶段地4. come upon the stage走入社会走入社会;登上政治舞台登上政治舞台5. to (或或 be) on the stage作演员作演员7. hol

26、d the stage a. 久演不衰久演不衰 b. 引人注目引人注目8. retire from (或或 quit) the stage退出舞台退出舞台;退退出出界界9. set the stage for为为做好准备，为做好准备，为创造条件，创造条件，为为打下基础打下基础10. stage by stage逐步地，循序渐进地逐步地，循序渐进地direct adj. 直接的直接的;亲身的亲身的;恰好的恰好的;直系的直系的 vt. 指向；管理；指挥；导演指向；管理；指挥；导演 vi. 指导；指挥指导；指挥 adv. 直接地；正好；按直系关系直接地；正好；按直系关系direct method/f

27、light. a direct relativeHe directed us to leave the burning building. He directs the activities of the club. He directed three movies.He directed an orchestra She directed me to the post office.She wanted to give up acting and start directing.We flew direct from London to New York.Director n. 董事董事,经

28、理经理,主管主管,指导者指导者,导演导演Direction n.give directions作出指示，发出指示作出指示，发出指示in all directions向各方面，向四面八方向各方面，向四面八方in every direction向各方面，向四面八向各方面，向四面八方方fluent adj. 流畅的，流利的；液态的；畅流的流畅的，流利的；液态的；畅流的speak fluent EnglishFluently adv.Fluentness n.13.condemn vt 责备，责难，谴责责备，责难，谴责 指摘，指指摘，指.为不当为不当 condemn sb for sthWe all

29、condemn cruelty to childrenEveryone condemned his foolish behavior.每个人都责备他愚蠢的行为。每个人都责备他愚蠢的行为。The newspapers condemned the Prime minister for his attitude toward the event. 2）（法律）判罪；处刑）（法律）判罪；处刑condemn a murder to life imprisonment. 判凶手无期徒刑判凶手无期徒刑be condemned to death被处死被处死condemn vt.判刑，处刑；声讨；谴判刑，处刑；

30、声讨；谴责责Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.任何人都愿意把任何暴力行为视为任何人都愿意把任何暴力行为视为恶行加以谴责。恶行加以谴责。相关搭配：相关搭配：be condemned to death被判死刑；被判死刑；be condemned to被宣告被宣告condemn a person for theft判某人盗窃罪判某人盗窃罪be condemned to a life imprisonment 被判无期徒刑被判无期徒刑The judge _ him for fraud.A. denounced

31、 B. condemned C. charged D. accusedBout of breath上气不接下气，喘不过气上气不接下气，喘不过气来来take breath歇口气，透口气，歇会儿，歇口气，透口气，歇会儿，缓一口气，换气，喘气，恢复呼吸缓一口气，换气，喘气，恢复呼吸(=gather breath)Breathtaking a. 惊险的惊险的(吃惊吃惊)breathe 呼吸，喘气，低声地说出呼吸，喘气，低声地说出 . 7. break up打碎，破碎；结束；解散；打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落衰落理解下列理解下列break up的含义的含义1)Break the chocolate up

32、 into squares.2) The plane broke up in mid-air.3) The marriage broke up，as we had expected.4) There are some suggestions that her involvement has broken up the partnership. 用含用含break的短语填空。的短语填空。 5) The fire must have _during the night.6) A group of young demonstrators attempted to_ the police lines.

33、7) Someone had_ through the bedroom window.8) A house in that area_ by several robbers last night.9) Like all natural substances, it is easily_ by bacteria.10) Linda_, realizing that she was wrong.11) The child tried to _ but his father held him tightly.8. cut short 阅读下列各句，理解阅读下列各句，理解cut short的含义。的含

34、义。1) The report was so long that the professor asked me to cut it short. 2) Because of the riot，the conference has to be cut short. 拓展：拓展：cut可和多种介词或副词搭配构成短语，可和多种介词或副词搭配构成短语，请在下列空格中填上适当的介词或副词。请在下列空格中填上适当的介词或副词。3) He cut _ the forest to save the time.4) He cut _ the field to arrive there on time.5) Th

35、ese improvements will cut _ the noise.6) Its difficult to cut the article _ because the other one on the back is also good.7) At this stage, you should cut _ food for the children.8) “ Oh, I never agree!” she cut _.9) In winter，they will_ the branches _ the trees. 12. 第二部分：练习第二部分：练习I. 课文内容填空:The wor

36、ld-famous opera, Turandot, is the story of a cold-hearted Chinese (1)p_, named Turandot. In order to avoid(2)m_, she says that any (3)p_ husband must answer three(4)r_ correctly or die. A handsome prince, named Calaf, says that he will(5)s_ the problem and marry her. But a young slave of his father, Liu, begins to love him, then the story takes on a class