建筑绘图指导（ArchitecturalDrawingInstruction）

1、建筑绘图指导(architectural drawing instruction)this article is due to tao pluto contributiondoc documents may experience poor browsing on the wap side it is recommended that you first select txt, or download the source file to the local view.housing construction drawing instructioncourse of engineering gr

2、aphics, department of architecture, school of civil engineering, beijing jiaotong university2010-31 / 26cataloghousing construction drawing instruction 11. nstionsldrafting standards (b/t 50001-2001) basic provisions31. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3, 1. 4, 2. drawings specifications 3lines 5 fonts 5 proportion seve

3、nhousing construction drawings (b/t 50104-2001) 82.1, 2. 2,2. 3, 2. 4, 2. 5, 2. 6, , 2. 7, 2. 8, 2. 9 construction drawings and drawings 8 lines 8 symbol 8 dimensionmarking 10 plane drawing requirements 11elevation 12 section view 13 detail 14 otherprovisions fourteenthreehousing construction drawin

4、gs general provisions of153. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3 (b/t 50105-2001) 15 reinforced concretestructure drawing 18 steel structure drawingtwenty2/261. the national drawing standards (b/t 50001-2001) basically provide the national drawing standards1.1 drawings specificationsthe basic specifications of the 1. 1.

5、1 map are shown below. the basic specifications of the map are as follows2. 1. 2 extension drawings specifications, when the width of the drawings need to lengthen, the short side of the drawings should not be extended in general, long side may be extended, but should comply with the provisions of t

6、he following table1. 3 drawing format 1 format, the following format is shown in figure (a):3/262 (a), vertical format format as shown above (b) the linewidth of 1.1.4 drawing frame, title bar line line should meet the requirements in the following table line drawing the frame line, the title bar li

7、ne should meet the requirements in the following table shall conform to the provisions of thefollowing table (b)1. 1. 5 title bar and the basic provisions of the counter columnthe title bar should be shown on the right, according to the needs of the project to choose its size, format and part it io

8、n. the signature area should contain real name columns and signature columns foreign project title column, the main content of the chinese below should be accompanied by a translation, top and left of the design unit, "should be added4/26the people，s republic of china(2) the countersign column

9、should be drawn as the format, its size is 100mm * 20mm, filling in the bar will be unified to sign on behalf of the professional personnel, name, date (year, month, day) ; a sign board is not enough, plus a standard two bar should sign in parallel; do not need to sign the drawings may not sign bar1

10、. 2 lines1. 2. 1 line width basic line width b should be selected from the follow in g linewidth series: 2, 1.4, 1, 0.7, 0.5, 0. 35mm select the line width b according to the selected line width and select the corresponding line width group in the following table the common line width is 0.7 or 0. 5

11、mm.1. 2. 2 drawings of the relevant provisions of line (1) parallel lines, the gap should not be less than the width of the rough line, and should not be less than 0. 7mm. (2) a single point long drawn line or two point long drawn line can be replaced by solid lines when it is difficult to draw in s

12、maller shapes the line shall not overlap or confuse with the characters, numbers or symbols; when it is unavoidable, the clarity of the text should be ensured first1. 3 fontsthe word height of 1. 3. 1 chinese characters should be selected from the following series: 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 20mm if you

13、 need to write more words, its height should be appropriate 2 ratio increasing the latin alphabet, the arabia numeral and the rome numeral should be no less than 2. 5mm.5/261. 3. 2 fonts (1) chinese characters: drawings and instructions in chinese characters, should use long imitation song typeface,

14、 width and height relations should comply with the provisions of the following tablecharacters such as headlines, album covers and topographic maps can also be written in other fonts,but should be easy to identify. (3) the latin alphabet, the arabia numeral and the rome numeral need to be written in

15、 italics, and the slope should be 75 degrees from the base line of the word. the height and width should be in italics and corresponding straight words are equa1. the 1. 3. 3 sample "'technical drawings 一 font" (gb/t 14691-93) in the long long, the latin alphabet, chinese characters of

16、 arabia digital rome and digital examples are as follows: (1) long chinese characters font samplea type straight sample letters.6/26a type digital example1.4 proport ionthe ratio of 1.4. 1 is shown in the writing, write in the name of the note should be on the right side of the text should be taken,

17、 and the reference line; the proportion of words than high should name the words high a little or no. two. the proportions used in the 1. 4. 2 scale selection drawing shall be selected from the following table according to the use of the drawing and the complexity of the object to be drawn, and prio

18、rity shall be given to the commonly used proportions in the table7/26can also choose the proportion of special circumstances, except the drawing ratio should be noted, must also draw the corresponding scale in place in general, a pattern should be chosen in proportion. in accordance with the needs o

19、f professional mapping, the same drawing can be used in two proportionshousing construction drawings (b/t 50104-2001) housing construction drawings, building construction)3. 1 construction drawings of the contents and drawings, numbers, construction drawings and drawings of the contents of the numbe

20、ra construction plan should include: catalogue, design instructions, general plan, floor plan, elevation, sectional drawing, detail drawing and door and window list3. linesthe width of the drawing line b shall be selected according to the complexity and proportion of the drawings and according to th

21、e provisions of the drawing line of the building construction drawing unified standard (gb/t50001-2001). when drawing a simpler pattern, the line widths of two kinds of linewidth can be used, and the linewidth ratio should be b:025b3. symbol2. 3. 1 cutting symbol (1) composed of section cutting symb

22、ol by cutting position line and projection direction, should be drawn in thick lines the length of the cut position line should be 6 to 10mm; the projection direction line should be perpendicular to the cut position line, and the length should be shorter than the cut position line, which should be f

23、rom 4 to 6mm. when plotted, the cutaway symbols of the cutaway should not be in contact with other lines, as shown on the right(2) the number of the symbols of the cutaway view should be numbered in arabia, arranged in sequence from left to right, from bottom to top, and should be written at the end

24、 of the line of the cutaway view, as shown on the right(3) the section or section, such as cutting and drawing in the same map, the other side can be cut in the line of position the drawings indicate the section number, can also be on the map that, as shown on the right(4) the cut position line that

25、 requires a twist shall be marked with the same number as the symbol on the outside of the corner(5) the cut symbols of the section of the building (structure) should be drawn on the plan of the elevation of + 0.8/26 (6) section of the cutting symbol should be used only dissectingposition line, and

26、should be drawn in thick lines, the length should be 6 、 10mm. the number of the symbols for section cutting shall be in arabia numbers, arranged in sequence and shall be written on the side of the cut line the side of the number shall be the orientation of the section, as shown on the right the 2.

27、3. 2 index sign and symbol detail (1) index sign consists of 10mm diameter and the horizontal diameter, horizontal diameter circle and shall be drawn in thin lines the index sign should be in accordance with the following provisions, the preparation of the 1 cable leads to the details, such as index

28、ed detail with a drawing, the detail should indicate the serial number of arabia digital in semi-circular index symbols, and draw a fine line in the lower half of the middle level 2, cable leads to the details, such as indexed detail in the same drawing, the detail should indicate the serial number

29、of arabia digital in the semicircle of index symbols, specify the detail drawings where the serial number of arabia digital in index notation in a semicircle whennumbers are more,annotated text 3 detailed draw in gs, such as standard drawings, shall be marked with the numbering of the standard atlas

30、 on the index mark horizontal diameter extension lineindex symbolused for indexing section detailing(2) if the index symbol is used in the index detailing, it should draw the cut position line at the part being cut, and draw the index mark with the lead line, and the side of the lead line should be

31、the projection direction. (3) the location and number of detail shall be indicated by detail symbols detail symbols should be drawn round with the diameter of 14mm thick lines the details shall be numbered as follows: 1 drawings shall be attached to the drawings in the same drawing, and shall be mar

32、ked in the detail symbols with the arabia numbers 2, detail and indexed pattern in the same drawing, application of thin lines in a level of detail painting symbols indicate the detail number in diameter, round, in the lower half of the drawings are indicated in the index number2. 3. 3 symmetric sig

33、ned symmetric symbols consisting of symmetrical lines and two pairs of parallel lines at both ends the symmetrical line drawn with dotted lines; parallel lines drawn with thin lines, its length should be 6 10mm, the distance between each of 2 3mm; the line of symmetry perpendicular bisector from the

34、 two parallel lines, parallel lines beyond both ends should be 2 3mm, as shown on the right9/26compass compass shape should be as shown on the right, the diameter should be 24mm, drawn with thin lines; the width of the tail pointer to 3mm pointer, the head should note the "north" or n with

35、 a larger diameter drawing compass, the tail pointer width should be for the diameter of 1/8 compass drawn in the plane layout and building elevation of + 0, and placed in a prominent location, the plane map and compass on the general direction should be consistent 2. 3. 5 axis positioning axis posi

36、tioning application point line drawing the locating axis shall be numbered in general, and the number shall be written in the circle at the end of the axis the circle is drawn with a fine solid line with a diameter of 8 to 10mm the center of the circle of the locating axis shall be on the extension

37、line of the locating axis or the fold line of the extended line. the number of the alignment axis on the plan should be marked below the drawing and left horizontal numbering applies the arabia numeral, writes from left to right, vertical numbers, uses uppercase latin letters, and writes latin lette

38、rs i, 0 and z from bottom to top, not used as axis numbers if the number of letters is not enough, you can use double letters or single letters plus numeric footnotes, such as aa, ba, ya, or al, bl, yl.3. dimension marking2. 4. 1 dimensions, boundaries, dimensions, lines and dimensions, start and st

39、op symbols, dimensions, boundaries, drawings, dimensions, including dimensions, boundaries, dimensions, dimensions, start stop symbols, and dimension numbers. the dimension line should be drawn perpendicular to the length of the line to be drawn, and one end should be away from the drawing line, not

40、 less than 2mm, and the other end should exceed the size line 2 to 3mm a pattern line can be used as a dimension line.the dimension line shall be drawn in a fine solid line, parallel to the length being drawn. any line of the drawing itself shall not be used as a dimension line size start stop symbo

41、ls are generally drawn with medium, thick, inclined, short, and their incl in ation shall be 45 degrees clockwise and 2 to 3mm. the size, diameter, angle, and size of the arc must be indicated by an arrow the elevation of 2.4.2 elevation in right angled isosceles triangle symbol should be said that

42、the thin lines are used to draw the elevation of symbol specific representations as shown below (a) shown as mark; location is not enough, can also according to the diagram shown in the form of drawing (b)./ 26(a) (b) (c) the point at which the mark of elevation shall point to the position of the in

43、dicated height the tip should generally be down or upward, as shown in figure (c) the elevation numbers shall be written on the left or right side of the elevation mark the elevation figures shall be in meters, and shall be written to third digits after the decimal point in the general plan, second

44、bits can be written to the small digit point the zero elevation should be written as + 0， positive , elevation , no , negative , elevation and . negative3. plane drawing requirements of the plane drawing requirementsthe use of 2.5.1 drawings and the direction of layout plan should be in line with th

45、e general drawing direction. the long side plan should be long side and horizontal drawings consistent. when drawing more than one floor plan on the same drawing, each floor plan should be arranged from the left to the right or the top from the bottom to the bottom the content of building plans 2.5.

46、2 construction plan should be in the building door and window openings cut down (the level of roof plan should be on the roof overlooking the map above), should include the construction of the visible section and the projection direction and the necessary size, higher standard, as said the high wind

47、ow, vent hole, groove, waste and crane not visible, it should be to draw the dotted line the building plan shall be written with the name or number of the room number is marked in the circle drawn with a solid line of 6mm in diameter, and the name of the room is listed on the same drawing the door a

48、nd window legend should be marked with the name and code of the door and window. m-1, such as m2 representsa gate; cl, c2 indicationwindow. the same number ofdoors and windows, the type, structure and size are the same doors and windows of the type, size and protruding windowsill, etc,according to t

49、he actual projection drawing 2. 5. 3 proportion of building plans, more than 1:50, 1:100, 1:200 draw. 1:150 and 1:300 can also be used figure 2.5.4 line (1) thick lines (b): the main building construction plan in section (including fittings) of the contour line(2) a solid line(0.5b): the outline of

50、a building component in a plan, the outline of the minor structural elements (including the fittings) that are cut(3) the dotted line (0. 5b) : high windows, trenches and other invisible parts(4) the example of plane tutu line width is shown in the following figure/ 26there are three sizes of winnin

51、g columns for 2. 5. 5 size and data building plan: external size, internal size and elevation. the building plane in the external dimensions of a total of three rows, from outside to inside, the first row is that building size total length, width, called outsourcing size; the second row is the wall

52、column axis between the size of the positioning axis between the dimensions; third row, mainly used to describe the width and location dimension door and the window openings, which indicate the closest axis between the size of. the external three dimensional dimensioning method conforms to the follo

53、wing requirements: (1) the dimension line beyond the outline line, and the distance between the outermost contours of the drawing, shall not be less than 10mm. the spacing of the parallel lines should be 7 to 10mm, and should be consistent, as shown on the right(2) the size of the overall size shoul

54、d be close to the indicated part, the size of the middle part of the size of the boundaries may be slightly shorter, but the length should be equal, as shown on the right in addition, the building plan should be marked with building components such as walls, columns, internal doors and windows, door

55、s, staircases, steps, platforms, steps, flower beds and other positioning and size the building plane should be marked inside and outside the room floor, ground floor, underground floor, balcony, roof, platform, cornice and parapet, canopy, doors, windows, stairs etc at the elevation. layout elevati

56、on.6 elevationthe content of building elevation graphic content of building elevation 2. 6. 1 building elevation of the projection direction should include the architecture of the visible contour and wall moldings, parts, wall practices and necessary size and standard of higher a flat, zigzag buildi

57、ng can be drawn with an unfolded elevation and an interior elevation. a circular or polygonal building, can start drawing elevation, sectional interior elevation, but should be in the name after filling two words./ 26in the building elevation, the same doors and windows, balcony, eaves decoration, c

58、onstruction practices, etc，can be highlighted locally, draw its complete graphics, and the rest of the only outline line on the facade of the building, the surface of the exterior wall should be clearly defined. use text to explain the materials and colors used in each part 2.6.the naming of the 2 e

59、levationa has a positioning axis of the building, should be based on both ends of positioning axis series note elevation name (such as: 1 10 f, elevation, and elevation). a building without a locating axis may be named in the direction of each plane of the plan.the scale of the 2. 6. 3 scale elevation should be the same as that of the bu