初中英语句子结构句子成分讲解.

1、定状.补Grammarsentences句子成份句子一般由两个部分组成： 主语部分(subject group)谓语部分(predicate group)句子成份：主谓 宾 表Members of sentence:S subjectP predicativeO objectAttri.attributeAdv.“ adverbOcgppject complement初1）主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 名词主格代词动词不定式动名词 瞒偽常置于I like football.The boy needsQpen.2）谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由动避

2、任。 常置于主语后。_The train leaves at 6 o,clock.want a ticket.爭3）宾语（object）弋表示vt的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n或相当于n的词担任。置于vt或prep.后。He won the game. On the deskTome lost his life in the big fire.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词51）表感官的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem等。2）表转变变化的动词：become, get，grow, turn, go,等3）表

3、延续的动词remain, keep, stay等。=14）表语（predicative）用以表述主语的特征、 状态、 身份等。由n或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。5)宾木卜(objective complement)补充说明宾语的情况。They made him、I consider the book too expensive.6)定语( (a卄ributive)对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子， 汉语中常用“的表示，通常位于被修饰的成分前TheCblacWbike is mine.说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如： nothing, anything , everything ,s

4、omething 等时,定语耍放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting 说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后由n. /adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。这间屋子里的男孩子们是 10 班的。The students in the room are in Class Nine初7）状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj. /v. /adv及全句，位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构 之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示

5、不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副 词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。I am(very)sorry.We(often)help him.When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher (从句作时间状语)复合句主+谓 + 宾 + 宾补主 + 谓She became a doctor.厶主+谓+ 表The car caught fire.主+ 谓 + 宾I will write you a long letter.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语I will let himI简单句1.Things changed.主

6、 + 谓2. Trees are green-厶主+谓+ 表3. We dont beat children.主+谓 + 宾4. He gave his sis卞er the piano.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语5.1 found the book宾补racticeNobody wen卞.切II.并列句QThis is me朗d these are my friendsV Theymust stay in water, or they will die. It s no卞cheap, but计is very good丁卞was latezso Iwent to bed._He knocked

7、 at the door; there was no answe Youre alive! And shes dead名词性从句状语从句J 定语从句He said that he didnt like he匚A plane is a machine that can fly.初in.复合句宾话从句同俊语从句状语从句0时间、地点、原因、结果、v目的、条件、让步.方式、程度、1）时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring camezleaves turn green.常用的关联词有：as, after, before, since, till/ unti

8、l,when, while, as soon as, whenever等Sit downwherever you like.弋+ 常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere3）原因状语从句c AsJE didnt know卞he wayI asked a* poli cemanY常用的关联词有：because, as, since分为九类:切2）地点状语从句Put计where you found it：田4）结果状语从句琴I was in the bath so that I didn t hear the卞elephone?常用的关联词有：so, so .that,

9、such. that5）目的状语从句I II show you so you will see how ifs done常用的关联词有：so, so that, in order that初6）条件状语从句遑If it snows tomorrow, we will build a .snowman.卡常用的关联词有：if, unless, in case that, oncondition that.7）让步状语从句Though Im fond of music J can卞play anyinstrument.+ 常用的关联词有：though, although, aeven if,eve

10、n though.田8)方式状语从句勺He did just las you told him.)t常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how9)程度状语从句So long as you need me) Til stay.4常用的关联词有：so, so that, as far as, so long as* What he said is not known.三* That we shalHoe late is certain夭1卞is certain that we shall be late* How strange it is that the childre

11、n are soquiet!名词性从句1)主语从句(g)2）表语从句* That is wha卞he wants to buy.* The problem is卞hat who we can.公.get to replace her?* The reason is that he has lied to me severaltimes.3）宾语从句* I understand that he is weH* He said that he didn5卞like her._* I don t know if you can help me.4)同位语从句* Where did you get the idea that Icouldn t come?* The question who should do卞he workrequires consideration* Mother made a promisethat she would buy me a new coat.注盍！引导词that & what卄urt 与 whd 十都可以引导名词性从句。*