Functional-equivalence-PPT优秀课件

1、Functional Equivalence：Nida,Newmark,Reiss,Nord vs.谭载喜、赵彦春谭载喜、赵彦春第九组 朱雅雯 熊英豪 吴然然1Eugene A.Nida（1914-2011） Toward a Science of Translating，1964 翻译科学探索 The Theory and Practice of Translation，Nida and Taber,1969 翻译理论与实践 From One Language to Another，1986从一种语言到另一种语言2Eugene A.NidaMeaning:linguistic meaning

2、 语言意义referential meaning 指称意义emotive(or connotative) meaning 情感或内涵意义 3Eugene A.NidaTo determine the meaning of different linguistic items: hierarchical structuring 层级结构法 componential analysis 成分分析 semantic structuring analysis 语意结构分析4Eugene A.Nida Nidas three-stage system of translation(from Nida an

3、d Tiber 1969:33)5Eugene A.Nida Formal equivalence:Formal equivalence focuses on the message itself, in both from and content.One is concerned that the message in the receptor language should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. (Nida 1964a:159) Dynamic equivale

4、nce:The relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptor and the message.（Nida 1964a:159)6From One Language to Another，1986 强调译文的有关一切都是具有意义，其中包括言语形式 语言的修辞特性在语言交际中起着重要作用 修辞意义、语法意义、词汇意义 用“功能对等”取代“动态对等”7Eugene A.Nida Function

5、al Equivalence(1964)The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text .maximal equivalence 最高层次的对等minimal equivalence 最低层次对等8Peter Newmark Approaches to Translation (1981)翻译研究途径 A

6、Textbook of Translation (1988)翻译教科书 9Peter Newmark Semantic translation:attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. Communicative translation: attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close

7、 as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.10Peter Newmark In communication as in semantic translation, provided that equivalence effect is secured, the literal word-for-word translation is not only the best, it is the only valid method of translation.(Newmark 1981:39)11Katharina R

8、eiss Translation Criticism: The Potentials & Criticism翻译批评：潜力与制约 Type, Kind and Individuality of Text-Decision making in translation 翻译的抉择： 类型、体裁及文本的个性12Katharina Reiss- Classification of Language Functions and Text Types informative function 信息功能 refers to the function of telling facts expressi

9、ve function 表情功能 expresses senders feeling or attitude appellative function 诱导功能 makes an appeal to text receiver. 13Katharina Reissinformative text 信息型文本:“单纯的事实的交流”：信息、知识、观点等-plain proseexpressive text 表情型文本:“创造性行文”作者使用了语言的美学特点-identifying operative text 操作型文本:“引起行为反应”呼吁或者说服文本的读者按某一种方式行事-adaptiveAn

10、diomedial 视听类: 电影、视觉和语音广告-supplementary14Katharina Reiss15Christiane Nord Test Analysis in Translation翻译中的语篇分析 Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained目的性行为-功能主义翻译理论阐释16Christiane NordDocumentary Translation 文献型翻译The documentary translation, functioning as a document

11、, is about creating a text in target language focusing on source text aspects assource-culture senders, audiences under source-culture conditions. When reading documentary translation , TT receivers may easily aware that they are reading a translation.Instrumental Translation 工具型翻译The instrumental t

12、ranslation, working as an instrument, focuses on the target audience under target culture conditions. It tries to create a target text in target language sharing the similar functions as the source text.17Christiane NordTranslating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained 翻译作为具有目

13、的性的活动1997 The importance of the translation commission 翻译委托书的重要性 The role of ST analysis 原文分析的作用 The functional hierarchy of translation problem 翻译问题的功能排序18谭载喜 西方翻译简史（增订版）、翻译学翻译研究词典（主译）、奈达论翻译、幸运的吉姆（译作）19谭载喜 既强调翻译本质的“文化性”，又更强调它的“语言性” 翻译是一项具有“绝对”和“相对”两重属性的活动 绝对的、百分之百的“对等”在任何时候都不存在20赵彦春 翻译诗学散论，青岛出版社，20

14、07 翻译学归结论，上海外语教育出版社，2005 语言学的哲学批判，重庆出版社，2004 认知词典学探索，上海外语教育出版社，200321赵彦春 翻译本体论 翻译研究应以翻译为本，而不是以语言为本、以文化为本 在关联理论的框架内，翻译是一个对源语( 语内或语际) 进行阐释的明示推理过程，译者要根据交际者的意图和受体的期待进行取舍，译文的质量取决于相关因素的趋同度( 赵彦春 2005c: 112) 如果原文与译文不像，再好的译作也总归不是译”( 赵彦春 2002b: 2) 22赵彦春 可译性与不可译性并非截然对立，而是取决于人们的认识视角。 直译与意译两者是辩证的关系，直译可理解为依形出意，尤其是体现在文学作品中，即依源语之形