滚针轴承知识101(中)

1、Automotive DivisionDrawn Cup 101TIMIOAutomotive DivisionAGENDA议程Bearing Choices and Drawn Cup Advantages轴承选用和冲压圈轴承优点Applications 应用Stress应力 Important Drawn Cup CharacteristicsVIA冲压圈的重要特性一 Bore Profile 孔轮廓 一 AFOD - Shape and Size自由平均外径一外形和尺寸一 Roller Relief 滚针卸荷一 Bore Size 一 Diametral Clearance and th

2、e Application 孔尺寸-径向游隙和应用BASIC FUNCTION OF BEARINGS轴承的基本功能The basic function of bearings is to support a load, while allowing motion to occur with reduced friction.轴承的的基本功能是承受载励，并在运动 时降低磨療力。TIMKENAutomotive DivisionBearing Choices轴承的选用What bearing choices do customers have?客户如何选用轴承？TIMKENTIMKENBall

3、Bearing球轴承S10KMachine Race Bearing桑命圈滚动轴承Drawn Cup Bearing冲压團轴永J-1612HJ-162412Loose RollerComplement滚在组件 TIMKENBore400”OD 2.00”Width .375”Capacity 2500 IbfBore - 1.00MOD 1.50,?Width 75(F'Capacity - 3870 IbfBore-1.00,?OD-1.25,JWidth .750”Capacity-2710 IbfBore-1.00,JOD 1.25MWidth .750Capacity - 77

4、90 IbfTIMKENTIMKENAutomotive DivisionTIMKENAutomotive DivisionDrawn Cup Features冲压圈轴承持性Adva ntages 优点 Thin cross section 薄壁 Maximum load-carrying capability 最大的承载能力 Minimum space required最小的空间需要 Installation incorporating a press fit 过盈压配安装 Full complement design for maximum capacity 满滚针设计提供了最大承载能力

5、Caged design for higher speeds and lube retention 带保持持设计提供了高速和润滑持久 More cost effective than any ground products 比磨加工产品成本低Size Range尺寸范围 Inch 英制：孔 1/8 in. - 5-1/2 in. bore Metric 公制：孔 3mm - 60mm boreApplications 应用 - Hydraulic Gear pumps 液压齿轮泵但88, B-86) - Automatic Braking Systems 自动制动(刹车)系统(DBA-6640

6、6) - Automotive air conditioning compressors 汽车空调压缩机(DB-66391) - Power Tools 动力工具但-bearings) - Automatic transmissions 汽车变速箱(FJ-4516) - Starters & Alternators 起动器及交流发电机(JTT-XXX, HK-0608E) - Steering column universal joints 转向柱万向节(DD-64056, DB-59500-2) - Push rod engine Rocker arms Pushrod 发动机摇臂(

7、CDCA-65291) -18 Wheeler mileage counter 18 Wheeler 里程计数器(JP23F) - Wheel Bearings 轮用轴承(DB-67309)Transmissions 变速箱園冒冒1鑒塔iE 翼宣三三屋冒8兰一.二二I & 專i-s證採|衣电£空声 KKiIBttv5B«K52552«525A.rmJSSJJSJ tr :“心以肃盂一 =lul w-.裟藉藉藉務藉场後Manual FWD手动前轮驱动:HXXKHXKXXAutomatic PumpShaft Support汽车泵轴支承TIMKENABS Be

8、arings abs 轴承ABS PistonMotor Shaf tTIMKENTIMKENAxial displacement of bearing is created by eccentrically ground shaft of electric motor电机马达转动轴的偏心諭分造成轴承的径向位移Pump pistons are in contact with OD of cup 汽缸活塞与轴承外径相摇臂Rocker ArmsTIMKENTIMKENTIMKENAutomotive DivisionWhat Key Features Make a Bearing Able to

9、Sustain Loading?使轴承承受载荷的关键特性？ Ability to support load is based on 承受载荷的能力基于：一 Contact Surface area / Stress 接触表面积/应力 Bore Profile 孔轮廓 Roller Profile 滚子轮廓Roller/Bore Roundness 孔/滚子圆度一 Hardness of Load Bearing Components 轴承零件承载的硬度 Shaft 轴 Rollers 滚子 Cup冲压圈 Housing 座一 Housing Press Fit & Sizing / R

10、ounding of Bearing 壳体压配合及轴承的尺寸/圆度TIMKENStress & Surface Area表面及表面应力TIMKENTIMKENForce压力Stress 应力=Bearing Load轴承载荷TIMKENArea面积Bearing Surface Area轴承承载面积The Lower y the Bearing Surface area the Higher The stress. 轴承承载表面积越小表面应力越高。The Higher Athe Stress, the Lower the Life 应力越高，寿命仁VBore Profile and R

11、oller Profile are Key Product CharacteristicsWhich Have a Direct Effect on Bearing Surface Area and the Resulting Stress 孔和滚子的轮廓是盲接影响表面积和应力的关键产品特性。TIMKENAutomotive DivisioiBOFC PfOfilC 孔的轮廓Flat Cup Bore平直的冲压圈内孔cupSide View 侧视shaftStraight Roller 直滚子Striaght Shaft 直轴Straight Cup 直圈Roller contacts cup

12、 & shaft 整个滚子母线与 along entire length圈及轴接触Front View 主视* Greatest Surface area最大的接触面积Outer RaceMaxjununn Contact Stress =293972 psiFJ-4516FLAT 日ORELOAD = 45% BDLRSKiir£auc e(p50000053S9S9 480000 41S9S9 360000 300000 240000 180000 120000 50000L10 Life = 357.5 hrLssnina. 1TIMKENAutomotive isgp

13、yF_台阶应力集中A Com mon Occurrence at press is to HaveRaised Material at the F step通常应力发生在F台阶处凸起部分Result is Shorter Life Due to Spalling at F Step结果是由于F台阶处的剥裂而缩短寿命TIMKENAutomotive isgpTIMKENAutomotive isgpOuter RaceFJ-4516 F-STEP BUMPLOAD = 45% BDLRSurf (p切 50000053999948000041999936000030000024000018000

14、012000050000Bump has a Magnitude of .0002M= 005mmL10 Life = Reduced by22%Contact Stress Increase of 60%LazTixna. 1TIMKENAutomotive DivisionCONCAVE BORE 凹面孔*This condition can also be caused by high-ended udogbone” rollers. 两端突起的“狗骨头”滚针也会形成这种情况Maxiiinuh Contact Stress =477120 psiFJ-4516 CONCAVE BORES

15、-un7fa.ce(P切600000539999480000419999360000300000240000180000120000600000Mag nitude of Con cavity peak to valley is.0004=010 mmL10 Life = Reduced by 64%Con tact Stress In crease of 96%Lamina 1LOAD = 45% BDLRTIMKENAutomotive DivisionTarget Bore Profile理想孔的轮廓 Bearing raceways should be flat to convex (

16、crowned) After curling在弯边后轴承滚道应当平直或凸起-Concavity should be avoided 避免凹面Automotive DivisionAutomotive DivisionfCup RacewaysAutomotive DivisionConditions of Maximum Diametral Clearance最大径向游隙的条件max DC = max installed bearing bore - min shaftmax installed bearing bore = max bore in a ring+ (max housing b

17、ore ring)max DC = max bore in a ring + (max housing bore ring) - min shaftExample: B-910Fi om the Catalog: Shaft = .5625” / .5620”Housing = .7505” / .7495”Ring Gage 三Bore in a Ring 三.5649” / .5640*max DC = .5649" + (.7505” .7505”) .5620" = .0029”卒max DC occurs when the bearing is in the ma

18、x housing 轴承座孔最大时岀现最大径向游隙TIMKENAutomotive DivisionConditions of Minimum DiametralClearance最小径向游隙的条件11 11 i njri DCI I1111 11 UHHi?U5 I BOREIIIJIIMAX.5HAFT D ai-ietef-I lul lII III1S7ALLEDmin tit = min installed bearing bore - max shaftmin installed bearing bore = min bore in a ring+ (min housing bor

19、e ring)min DC = min bore in a ring + (min housing bore - ring) max shaftExample: B-910Fi om the Catalog: Shaft = .5625” / .5620” Housing = .7505” / .7495” Ring Gage - J3QS”Bore in a Ring = .5649” / .5640”inin DC = .5640” + (.7495” .7505”).5625 = .0005”屮min DC occurs when the bearing is in the min ho

20、using 轴承座孔最小时出现量小径向游隙TIMKENLoad CenteredOver Bearing 向心负執GearLZ /八Z 1 / : ( / K丫Shaft0ShaftBearingAutomotive DivisionApplication Loading & Slope 应用负载和倾斜Load Off Center Away from Bearing 偏心 负载“0” SLOPE “(r倾斜Slope Condition 倾斜条件-Housing & Shaft are notAligned座和心轴不对正-Need for Relief on Rollers

21、toavoid high stress & earlyfailure带卸荷滚针避免早期失效Automotive DivisionBearing Hardness 轴承硬度Cups are case hardened冲压圈表层硬化卜Depth to 50 HRc point defines Case Depth到HRc50点的深度定义为硬化层（渗碳层）深度（Approximately .004” min）（约01mm）TMDIHardness Profile Cup CrossSection硬度轮廓-冲压圈截面“A” wall-.030 *S61 HRC-J350 HRC-<20

22、HRC-厂Depth到HRc50点的深度定义为硬化层 （渗碳层）深度TMDI硬度及应力曲线 Used to evaluate hardness profiles & Customer applications 常用于评估硬 度轮廓及客户应用Cup Subsurface StressDB- 65089- 1 Act ual(_SM) ssal-s oetnsqns350.0 -300.0 -250.0 -200.0 -150.0 -100.0 50.0 -26-Oct-04CTP0.00MVT L： 1012 SLOPE： .0096 nn nnAPRFSSFI T:0.0020.004

23、0.0060.0080.010.0120.0140.0160.0180.02Depth Below Surface Actual YieldMin Yield0Actual TensileMin TensileHousing Press Fit & Bearing Sizing压配合及轴承尺寸Bearings are out of round and depend on the housing & press fit to Round the bearing up, Hold the bearing in the housing, & Size the bearing

24、down.轴承不圆，靠座孔及压配合整圆和夹持轴承，轴承尺寸减小。Standard Catalog Bearings are designed with different ranges of interference or press fit.标准轴承有不同的过盈或压配合 Small ( v 50(T O.D. )= .0005" - .002"MediumLarge=.0008" - .0028" = .0012"-0044"* These interferences are the difference between the b

25、earing Average Free O.D. Hard and the catalog housing diameter.过盈干涉是轴承(硬圈的)平均自由外径和标准座直径之 差Automotive DivisionAFOD TAPER平均自由外径锥度Lack of Interference can comefrom:过盈不足可能是由于-O.D. taper外径锥度-O.D. Hard Undersize （硬圈）外径偏小Bulge Curl弯边突起This Can lead to:可能会导致： Bearings walking in housing 轴承 在座里滑动 Bearing not

26、 rounding up 轴承不圆 Early failure at Customer 早期失效TMDICustomers Housing & Shaft客户的座和心轴The Customer's Housing & Shaft play a major Role in the function of our Bearings.客户的座和心轴在轴承功能上扮演着重要角色Bearing Takes the Shape of the Housing 轴承复制 座孔的外形Housing must carry the load without deforming or crack

27、ing座必须不因承受载荷而发生变形或破裂The shaft has the highest stress & should have an equal or greater hardness and structure 心轴承 受高的压力，应当有相当的或更高的硬度或组织结构Most problems seen at the customer result from installation damage or improper installation. 在顾客那里看到的多数问题是安装损坏或由不正确安装产生 No lead in on Housing or shaft 座和轴无引导 安装 Incorrect installation tools or techniques 不正确的安装工具和方法TIMKENAutomotive DivisionManufacturing 制造Ne