危险品和泄露物的应急处理方法

1、20092009年年7 7月月Dangerous & Leaking Goods Designated Responder TrainingObjective目标目标Identification 辨认Spill response / containment 对溢漏情况的应变及围控Solidification of liquid material 液体物质的固化Proper disposal of waste 适当处理废弃物 Mod 1-2Categories of Response 应变分类应变分类Non-Responder 非指定应变者Designated Responder 指定应

2、变者Outside Responde 外部应变者What most Eees need to know:大多数员工需要知道的是：大多数员工需要知道的是：Dont touch 不接触Leave the area 离开事发地点Notify a Supervisor 通知主管每一个在我们工作场所工作的员工，都是非指定应变者。一名接受了对溢漏物进行清除处理培训的员工被称为指定应变者。 Mod 1-4Identifying Contents辨别物品辨别物品 CORROSIVE8NON-FLAMMABLE GAS3FLAMMABLE LIQUID9 UN3373 Diamond Shaped 菱形Colo

3、r-coded 颜色编码Word-coded 文字编码Symbol-coded 符号编码Number-coded 数字编码CORROSIVE8Poison3FLAMMABLE LIQUIDNON-FLAMMABLE GASOXIDIZER5.1Marking and Labeling标签与标志标签与标志Color Codes 色码色码Orange = Explosive 橙色代表爆炸性的橙色代表爆炸性的Red = Flammable 红色代表可燃的红色代表可燃的Green = Non-flammable 绿色代表不可燃的绿色代表不可燃的Yellow = Reactive 黄色代表易反应的黄色代

4、表易反应的White = Poisonous 白色代表有毒的白色代表有毒的White/Red Vertical Stripes = Flammable Solid 白色白色/红色垂直条纹红色垂直条纹代表可燃固体代表可燃固体White Top with Bottom = Corrosive 上部白色上部白色代表腐蚀（性）的代表腐蚀（性）的Two Colors = Two Major Hazards 双色双色=两种主要的危险品两种主要的危险品Symbol Codes 符号码符号码Bursting Ball = Explosives 爆炸的球体代表爆炸品Flame = Flammable 火焰代表可

5、燃物Slash W = Dangerous When Wet 代表遇水燃烧物Skull and Crossbones = Poisonous 骷髅与交叉腿骨图形代表有毒物Circle with Flame = Oxidizing Material 圆环与火焰代表氧化物Symbol Codes (cont.) 符号码（续）符号码（续）Cylinder = Non-flammable Gas 圆柱体代表不可燃气体圆柱体代表不可燃气体Propeller = Radioactive 螺旋桨代表放射性的螺旋桨代表放射性的Test Tube/Hand/Metal = Corrosive 试管试管/手形手形

6、/金属代表腐蚀性的金属代表腐蚀性的Infectious Material Symbol = Infectious Material 传染物符号代表传染性物质传染物符号代表传染性物质U.N. Hazard Class UN危险品种类危险品种类Number at Bottom底部数字1 = Explosives 1代表爆炸物代表爆炸物2 = Gases 2代表气体代表气体3 = Flammable Liquids 3代表可燃液体代表可燃液体4 = Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible, Dangerous when Wet 4代表可燃固体，自燃物，

7、遇水燃烧物代表可燃固体，自燃物，遇水燃烧物5 = Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides 5代表氧化物及有机过氧化物代表氧化物及有机过氧化物6 = Poisonous and Infectious Materials 6代表有毒及传染性物质代表有毒及传染性物质7 = Radioactive Materials 7代表放射性物质代表放射性物质8 = Corrosive 8代表腐蚀性的代表腐蚀性的9 = Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials 9代表混合型的危险物质代表混合型的危险物质11.4EXPLOSIVESThe second number

8、 and letter indicate the division andsub-division and the compatibility group第二个数字及字母代表分类及第二个数字及字母代表分类及细分类别以及兼容的类别细分类别以及兼容的类别The number indicates the hazard class此数字代表危险品类型此数字代表危险品类型CORROSIVE8Classes of Dangerous Goods危险品分类危险品分类 Lets take a closer look at each class of Dangerous Goods by: 让我们通过以下方面进

9、一步看看每一种危险物品： Class Name 种类名称 Color of label 标志颜色 Symbol or pictorial 符号或图案 and written text 文字Class 1 第一类第一类 Class 1 - Explosives (Ammunition, grenades, engine starting cartridges) 种类1代表爆炸品(弹药，手榴弹，引擎盒） Background Color：Orange 背景色：橙色 Symbol：符号 exploding bomb: Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 爆炸图形：细分类别为1.1 1.2

10、 1.3 black text：Divisions 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 黑色文本：细分类别为1.4 1.5 1.6 Text：Explosives 文字：爆炸品Class 2 第二类第二类 Class 2 - Gases (All aerosols, gas cylinders, butane, propane, liquefied petroleum gases, cigarette lighters) 第2类-气体（所有的烟雾剂，气瓶，丁烷，丙烷，液化气，） Division 2.1: Flammable Gas, Red Background, Flame Symbol 2.1类

11、：可燃气体，红色背景，火焰符号 Division 2.2: Non-Flammable, non-toxic gas, Green Background, Gas Cylinder symbol 2.2类： 不可燃的，无毒气体，绿色背景，气瓶符号 Division 2.3: Toxic Gas, White Background, Skull & Crossbones symbol 2.3类：有毒气体，白色背景，骷髅与交叉腿骨图形 2.1 Accepted2.2 Accepted2.3 Not AcceptedClass 3 第三类第三类 Class 3 - Flammable Liq

12、uids (Petrol, gasoline, some paints, thinner, white spirits - alcohol) 第3类 可燃液体（汽油，石油，一些油漆，稀释剂,酒精） Background Color: Red 背景色：红色 Symbol: Flame 符号：火焰 Text: Flammable Liquid 文字：可燃液体Class 3 AcceptedClass 4 第四类第四类Class 4: Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible and Dangerous When Wet (Matches, phosph

13、orus, lithium) 第4类：可燃固体，自燃物，遇水易燃物（火柴，磷，锂） Division 4.1: Flammable Solid, White with seven vertical red stripes, Black flame 4.1类：可燃固体，白色外加7条垂直红条纹，黑色火焰 Division 4.2: Spontaneously Combustible, Upper half white and lower half red, Black Flame 4.2类：自燃物，上半部白色下半部红色，黑色火焰 Division 4.3: Dangerous When Wet,

14、Blue background, Blue or white figure 4.3类：遇水燃烧物，蓝色背景，蓝色或白色的图形4.14.24.3Class 5 第五类第五类 Class 5: Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides (Oxygen, some industrial bleaches, drain cleaners) 第5类：氧化物及有机过氧化物（氧气，一些工业漂白剂，排水管清洁剂） Division 5.1: Oxidizer, Yellow Background, Black Flame over circle 5.1类：氧化物，黄色背景，黑色火焰在圆环

15、之上 Division 5.2: Organic Peroxide, Yellow Background, Black Flame over circle 5.2类：有机过氧化物，黄色背景，黑色火焰在圆环之上5.15.2Class 6第六类第六类Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances (Weed killer, cyanide, infected food samples)第类：有毒的传染性的物质（除草剂，氰化物，受感染的食物样本） Division 6.1: Toxic, White Background, Skull & Crossbone

16、s Symbol6.1类：有毒的，白色背景，骷髅与交叉腿骨图形Division 6.2: Infectious Substance, White Background, Black Symbol (three crescents superimposed on a circle) 6.2类：传染性物质，白色背景，黑色符号（三个月牙型交叉重叠在一个圆环上）6.16.2 UN33736.2 Biological Substances Category BClass 7 第七类第七类 Class 7: Radioactive Material (some fire detectors, medica

17、l isotopes) 第7类：放射性物质（一些火灾探测器，医用同位素） Category I White, White Background, Symbol: black trefoil 第I类：白色， 白色背景，符号:黑色三叶草 Category II Yellow, Top half yellow & bottom half white, Symbol: black trefoil 第II类：黄色，上半部黄色下半部白色，符号：黑色三叶草 Category III Yellow, Top half yellow & bottom half white, Symbol: bl

18、ack trefoil 第III类：黄色，上半部黄色下半部白色，符号：黑色三叶草Class 8 第八类第八类Class 8：Corrosives (Sulfuric acid, wet acid car batteries)第8类：腐蚀物 （硫磺酸，酸性车用蓄电池）Background：Upper half white, lower half black with white boarder背景：上半部白色，下半部黑色，有白色边线Symbol：Liquids spilling from two glass vessels and attacking a hand and a metal符号：液

19、体从两个玻璃管中溢出，一个倒向一只手，另一个倒向一块金属物Class 9 第九类第九类Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (Dry ice, lithium batteries, some life saving appliances, magnetized material)第9类 其它危险品（干冰，锂电池，一些救生用品，磁性物质）Background: White 背景色：白色Symbol: Seven vertical black stripes in upper half符号：上半部分有7条黑色垂直条纹Handling Labels 处理标签处

20、理标签 Magnetized Material, Blue on White 磁性物质-蓝与白 Cryogenic Liquids, White on Green 低温液体-白与绿 Cargo Aircraft Only, Black on Orange Color. 空运危险物-黑与橙A Designated Responder is called if that is:存在以下情况，需由指定应变者处理存在以下情况，需由指定应变者处理Damaged and leaking liquid or solid material 破损的以及正在溢漏液体或固体物质Leaking and has mar

21、kings to indicate a hazardous material or dangerous good 存在溢漏同时有标签指明是危险品Leaking and is generating smoke or visible fumes; or is giving off an odor irritating the skin, eyes, nose or throat 存在溢漏同时产生烟或可见气体，或者散发使皮肤，眼睛，鼻子，咽喉不适的刺激性气味 Leaking and has no external markings 存在溢漏同时没有外部标签 Mod 1-5Upon completio

22、n of training完成培训后完成培训后lYou will be able to：lDetermine the appropriate response to every spill 能对溢漏情况做出正确应变lContain the spill 控制溢漏物范围lClean up the spill 清除溢漏物lDetermine the cause of the spill 判断溢漏原因lDispose of spill generated waste 处理溢漏产生的废物 Mod 1-6Responders Role应变者的任务应变者的任务Respond to leaking Dange

23、rous Goods 应对溢漏的危险品Ensure Personal Safety 确保个人安全Follow Leaking Good Decision Tree & Response Sheets 遵循溢漏物决策表及应变表Ensure Safety of Surrounding Area 确保周围环境的安全Contain & Clean up Spill 控制、清除溢漏Dispose of Dangerous Goods Generated Waste 处理危险物品产生的废物Ensure Compliance with Local Laws & Regulations

24、 确保遵守当地法律法规Mod 2-2Dangerous Goods危险品的定义危险品的定义 “Articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment when transported in commerce.”在商业运输中，会对健康，安全，财产及环境造成威胁的物品或者物质。Mod 2-3Dangerous Goods Waste is considered hazardous to humans and the environment unl

25、ess specially treated.除非经过特别处理，危险品废弃物会对人类及环境造成危害。Dangerous Goods Waste危险品废物危险品废物Mod 2-4Biohazard Spill Container生物危险品溢漏物收纳箱6NOTIFY: DIRECTOR, CDCATLANTA, GEORGIA404/633-5313Other Supplies其它设备其它设备Identifying Dangerous Good / Hazardous Contents 辨认危险物辨认危险物COMBUSTIBLESPONTANEOUSLY4POTASSIUM SULFIDE13824

26、G/Y9/S/05unUSA /2067/AAWhat Do You Do? 你应该怎么做你应该怎么做Decision Tree Scenario # 1 场景场景1What Do You Do? 你应该怎么做你应该怎么做COMBUSTIBLESPONTANEOUSLY4POTASSIUM SULFIDEUN 13824G/Y9/S/05unUSA / 2067/AADecision Tree Scenario # 2场景场景2What Do You Do? 你应该怎么做你应该怎么做Decision Tree Scenario # 3场景场景3What Do You Do? 你应该怎么做你应该

27、怎么做Jon Juicer 8 LBS800-555-2222Citrus, Inc.555 Elm StreetTampa, FL 33333ABC Corporation888-232-2323123 Main StreetNEW YORK, NY 11111NYDecision Tree Scenario # 4What Do You Do? 你应该怎么做你应该怎么做 Small spill amount 小量溢漏 Thick red substance 浓的红色的物质 No fumes / No smoke 无气体/无烟 Label “Aunt Tinas Secret Sauce 贴

28、有”Tina阿姨的秘制沙司“ Smells like tomato sauce 闻起来像番茄沙司What Do You Do? 你应该怎么做你应该怎么做l Non - hazardous materials intended for human consumption 无危险物质 （供人类消费）l Spill should be solidified and disposed of in the normal trash system 溢漏必须被固化并按标准垃圾处理系统处理。What Do You Do? 你应该怎么做你应该怎么做 Package leaking a greasy substa

29、nce (small amount) 包裹溢漏油性物质（少量） Label - Machine manufacturing company 标志-机器制造公司 Machine parts located in box 机器零件放置于箱子中 Part is leaking lubricant 零件正在溢漏着润滑剂Spill Response处理溢漏处理溢漏Packages not fuming or smoking 没有烟雾No identifying labels or markings 没有可供识别的标志Is producing an odor? 是否有气味What Response She

30、et is appropriate? 适用于何种反应表No Label or Unknown Response Sheet 无标记/不明物反应表Spill Response处理溢漏处理溢漏Unknown Response Sheet? 不明物反应表Corrosive Response Sheet? 腐蚀物反应表Flammable Liquid Response Sheet? 可燃性液体反应表Continue following Leaking Package Decision Tree 继续遵循溢漏包裹决策表Flammable Liquid可燃性液体可燃性液体 A liquid having

31、a flash point below 60.5 Celsius/141 Fahrenheit. 液体闪点低于60.5摄氏度或141华氏度Flash Point闪点闪点An indication of susceptibility to ignition 易燃性的表示The lower the flash point , the greater the hazard. 闪点越低越危险A significant hazard exists with chemicals whose flash point is less than room temperature. 如果化学品的闪点低于室温，那将

32、是非常危险的Ignition Temperature自燃温度自燃温度The minimum temperature required to initiate or cause selfsustained combustion without any source of ignition.没有外部引燃，物质开始或引起自身燃烧的最低温度。 Corrosives 腐蚀物腐蚀物l Liquids or solids （液体或固体）lCause visible destruction or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue at the site

33、 of contactl会使人体皮肤组织产生可见的损伤或无法修复的改变lHave a severe corrosion rate on steel.l会严重腐蚀钢铁lInclude strong acids and strong basesl强酸和强碱pHA measure that tells you if the chemical is an acid, a base (also called alkali or caustic) or neutral. 可以判别化学品是否是酸性、碱性或中性pH scale goes from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral (

34、water). PH值从0到14，7为中性（水）pH less than 7 = acid. PH值小于7时呈酸性pH greater than 7 = base. PH值大于7时呈碱性pH ScalePH 度量度量 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Acid Neutral BaseRed Green Blue（酸性）（酸性） （中性）（中性） （碱性）（碱性）红红 绿绿 蓝蓝Things to Remember About pH关于关于PH值的几个要点值的几个要点Chemicals with pHs much lower or much higher th

35、an 7 will cause irritation and burns on contact. PH值远小于7或远大于7，接触化学品会有刺激或灼烧感Bases are much more dangerous to the eyes than are acids. (Bases have a natural affinity to water.) 碱性物质对于眼睛的伤害要远大于酸性物质。（碱性物质有亲水性）Store like with like. 酸碱性相近的物品存放在一起Skin Exposure皮肤受到感染皮肤受到感染lWash away the chemical with large

36、quantities of water. 用大量水清洗lWash for at least five minutes and remove clothing from areas involved. l清洗至少五分钟，将衣物从被污染处移开。lDo not attempt to neutralize. 不要中和。lSeek medical attention, if needed. 如需要，请就医。Eye Exposure眼睛受到感染眼睛受到感染lHold lids open and irrigate with water for at least 15 minutes. 将眼皮撑开，用水冲洗至

37、少十五分钟lCover the eye with dry, clean protective dressing. 用干燥、清洁的保护敷料覆盖眼睛。lSeek immediate medical attention. 立即就医。Flammable Gases / Oxygen可燃气体可燃气体/氧氧Flammable Gas 可燃气体 Will burn when mixed with air in the proper proportion 与空气混合达一定浓度时会燃烧 Oxygen 氧 Will not burn by itself, but will cause other fuels to

38、 burn hotter and faster 本身不会燃烧，但会使其它燃料更快更猛烈燃烧Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)爆炸下限浓度爆炸下限浓度The minimum concentration (%) of vapor or gas in air below which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition 空气中蒸汽/气体无法点燃的最低浓度Mixture below the LEL is too “lean” to burn or explode 混合物的浓度

39、低于爆炸下限浓度时，浓度太低，无法燃烧 Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)爆炸上限浓度爆炸上限浓度The Maximum concentration (%) of vapor or gas in air above which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition 空气中蒸汽/气体无法点烧的最高浓度Mixture above the UEL is too “rich” to burn or explode 混合物的浓度大于UEL，浓度太高而无法燃烧或爆炸Biologi

40、cal Hazard生物危险品生物危险品Refers to living organisms which present a potential risk to health对健康有潜在危害的活体组织Sources of Biological Hazards生物危险品的来源生物危险品的来源Shipments of whole blood全血Animal parts动物组织Human pathology parts人体病理组织Laboratory samples试验样本Universal Precautions预防措施预防措施Assume that all biological substanc

41、es are infectious假定所有的生物物质都是传染性的Routes of Entry传播途径传播途径Inhalation Respiratory Tract 吸入呼吸道Ingestion Digestive Tract 摄入消化道Physical Contact Skin , Eyes 身体接触皮肤，眼睛Via Insects 昆虫传播Biological Substance Post Exposure Protocol接触生物物质后续处理办法接触生物物质后续处理办法Report incident to Supervisor 向主管汇报Follow Injured Employee

42、Procedure 遵循员工受伤处理流程See Physician 就医Provide Physician with.向医生提供向医生提供Information about the route of exposure 接触途径的相关信息A listing of the exposed employees job as it relates to the exposure incident 员工从事的与生物物质接触相关的工作内容Medical records that Company is required to maintain that reference the appropriate t

43、reatment of the exposed individual, and 公司需保存员工的医疗记录，以便为被感染员工做出正确诊疗提供参考If available, blood test results for the suspect blood 如可能的话，提供员工接触过的血液的检测结果Chemical Post Exposure Evaluation接触到化学品后之考量接触到化学品后之考量For all exposed employees, provide the physician with：为接触到化学品的员工提供下列信息:lDescription of current duty

44、related to the exposure 与接触有关的工作现况描述与接触有关的工作现况描述lDetails of the exposure 暴露事件的细节暴露事件的细节lMSDS of material spilled or information available 溢漏物质的化学品安全技术说明书或信息溢漏物质的化学品安全技术说明书或信息lMedical history (Provided by employee) 医疗史医疗史(由员工提供由员工提供) Oxidizers 氧化性物质氧化性物质Substances which decompose readily under certai

45、n conditions to yield oxygen 在某种情况下会分解释出氧气Oxidizers must never be stored near flammable or combustible materials 氧化剂不得与易燃物或易于自燃之物质储存一起Peroxides are especially dangerous 有机过氧物特别危险Product Label 产品标示产品标示lProduct labels are a good source of information: 产品标签是很好的信息来源：lName of product 产品名称lManufacturer 制造

46、商lIngredients 成分lCautions and warnings 提醒与警告lRisk classifications 风险分类lGlobal symbols and codes 全球通用符号即编码MSDS物质资料安全表物质资料安全表 Detailed information bulletin prepared by the manufacturer, importer, or distributor of a chemical that describes: 由制造商, 进口商, 或供应商为化学物质及其制品提供: Physical and Chemical Properties物

47、理和化学特性Physical and Health Hazards 物理和健康危害Routes of Exposure 暴露/接触途径Precautions for Safe Handling and Use安全处置及使用Emergency and First-Aid Procedures紧急处理和急救措施Control Measures 接触控制有害成分有害成分/概述信息概述信息 Hazardous Ingredients / Identity Informationl Key part of the Material Safety Data Sheet or Chemical Safety

48、 Data Sheet 物质安全资料表或化学品安全技术说明书的主要部分l Lists the chemicals in a substance that can harm you. 列出物质当中可能造成人体伤害的化学成分l Lists concentration of chemical to which you can be safely exposed. 列出物质中你所能接触的化学品的安全剂量l Lists ingredients of mixtures that are health hazards, carcinogens, and physical hazards. 列出混合物的成分中

49、,含哪些健康危害, 致癌物质及物理危害因子Physical/Chemical Characteristics 物理及化学特性物理及化学特性Describes the chemicals appearance, odor, and other characteristics： 描述化学品的表面, 气味, 及其他特性：Density 密度Vapor Pressure 蒸气压力Specific Gravity 特定比重Solubility 溶解性Volatility 挥发性Boiling and Freezing Points 沸点及凝固点Boiling Point 沸点沸点Temperature

50、at which a liquids vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure at its surface. 把液体加热, 当液体蒸气压力相同于其表面之大气压力时之温度Vapor Pressure 蒸气压力化学品若具有较高的蒸气压力,当遇热或火焰时,可能爆炸. Chemicals with high vapor pressure may explode if near heat or fireVapor Density 蒸气密度蒸气密度 Vapor density less than 1 means vapors will ris

51、e 蒸气密度小於1, 蒸气会上升 Vapor density more than 1 means the vapors are heavier than air and will “sink” and collect in low-lying areas 蒸气密度大於1表示蒸气比空气重, 蒸气会下沉或积在较低处 Even non-toxic dense vapors can displace oxygen 即使是非毒性密度高的蒸气也可能取代氧气 Flammable vapors are most often high-density vapors 可燃性气体通常是高密度蒸气Relative D

52、ensity 相对密度相对密度Ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of the same volume of a standard substance （water for liquids, dry air for gases） 某物质的比重，相较同样质量的标准物质（比如液体比照水, 干气体比照空气）Provides basic information on fire prevention and control including:The chemicals potential for fire and explosion. 化学

53、品对火及爆炸的可能反应 Recommended extinguishing agents and fire-fighting methods. 建议的灭火设备及方法建议的灭火设备及方法Fire and Explosion Hazard Data 火和爆炸危害资料火和爆炸危害资料提供如何预防及控制火灾的基本资料Containing and Removing the Package Contents控制与清除包裹物品控制与清除包裹物品Containing the Spill控制溢漏物控制溢漏物Use clay based absorbent poured from a spill tub to m

54、ake a ring of absorbent around the outside edges of the spilled material. 用清理盆盛装粘土质吸收剂，将吸收剂环绕倒在溢漏物质外围。This will prevent the spill from spreading out. 这将做到防止溢漏漫延。Containing the Spill控制溢漏物控制溢漏物Always bring the spill tub to the spill, never the spill material to the spill tub.永远将清理盆带到溢漏物旁边，而不是将溢漏物带到清理盆

55、旁边。Next, if neutralization is required, pour a small amount of Sodium Bicarbonate into the spilled material. 如果需要中和，可以在溢漏物里加入少量小苏打。When pH reaches 6 to 9, pour absorbent from outside in a spiral motion to center of spill. (Use no more absorbent than is necessary)当PH值接近6-9，将吸收剂由外至里螺旋式倒向溢漏物。（尽量避免过多使用吸

56、收剂）Neutralizing A Corrosive 中和腐蚀物中和腐蚀物pH from below 7 to 0 an acid PH值在7-0之间呈酸性pH from above 7 to 14 a base PH值在7-14之间呈碱性Add Sodium Bicarbonate to change pH to between 6 and 9 加入小苏打使PH值位于6-9Neutralizing A Corrosive 中和腐蚀物中和腐蚀物As you add Sodium Bicarbonate to the spill, water can be added if mixture becomes too thick and stirred in with a stirring stick. (Add water slowly, it will not require much water.)当你将小苏打加入溢漏物时，如果混合物变得过于浓稠，可以加入水，用搅拌棒搅拌。（慢慢加水，不需要太多水）Solidif