初中英语时态语态总结学案

1、初中英语时态语态总结英语中一共有十六种时态，初中阶段主要学习和考到八种时态，主要包括 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时， 过去将来时和过去完成时。一、一般现在时1用法：1）表示现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征或客观真理。常用的 时间状语有 often , usually , sometimes , always , every day , never , in the morning, every week/day 等。e.g. I get up at six every morning.（经常性动作）He plays tennis once

2、a week.（习惯性动作）The sunrises in the east. （客观真理）My mother is a teacher. Sheteaches English in a school.（现在的状态）2）在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. If you don't go soon, you 'll be late.3） begin, come., go, leave, start, stop等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划、规定将 要发生的事情。e.g. Classbegins at eight in the morning.2构成：1）

3、主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。 主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词使用第三人称单数。2）主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数否定式：S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答:（肯）Yes,S+do/does（否）No,S+do/does not主语目止式否定式疑问式第一、二人I am a student.We/You/ They areI am not a student.We/You/ They are notAre you a student.

4、Are you/ they students?称和第三人 称复数以及 名词复数students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ don music.Many people don' t like music.Is he/ she a student?D oilyou/ they like music? Do many people like music?3）当主语是第

5、一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时:肯定式：S + be +否定式：S+ be +not + 疑问式：Am /Is /Are + S+ ? 简略回答:（肯）Yes,S + be.（否）No,S + be.真题：1. Can your father drive? （08 武汉）Yes, and he usually to school.A drove B is driving C drives D has driven2. If I find his phone number, I you. （09 北京）A tell B told C will tell D have told3. The

6、 teacher told the students that the earth round, not flat. （08 天津）A isB was C has been D is being二、一般过去时1 .表示过去某段时间发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作时用一般过 去时。常用于般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, three months ago last year, in1979 等。2 .用法：1）过去发生的动作。e.g. The policestopped me on my way home last night.2）过去存在的状态。e.g. Theyweren

7、9;t able to come because they were so busy.3 ） be used to doing表示过去常常做某事。也是一般过去时的标记。e.g. Shewas used to feeding the cats in the yard.3.构成：S+V-ed1）用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的车fft+d以车有音字母+ y结尾去y变i + ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个车有音字母双写词尾字母+ed2） 一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以 be和like为例）：主语目止式否定式疑问式I was a stu

8、dent.I was not a student.Were you a student.We/You/ They wereWe/You/ They wereWere you/ they students?第一、二人称和第三students.not students.Was he/ she a student?人称复数以及名词He/ She was aHe/ She was not a复数student.student.Did you/ they like music?I / We/ You/ They/Did many people like music?I / We/ You/ They/d

9、idn ' t ekmusic.liked music.Many people didn 'tMany people likedlike music.music.真题：1. Yesterday Tony's family a good time. （08 泸州）A hasB have C had2. We were in Qingdao last week and great fun there. （08 北京）A will haveB have had C had D have3. My grandmotherus stories when I was young.

10、（ 09 锦州）A was used to tell B is used to telling C are used to tell D was used to telling三、一般将来时1.用法：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于一般将来时的时 问状语：tomorrow, next week, in 2008 等。1）将要发生的动作。e.g. I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.2）将要存在的状态。e.g. This time next year Iwill be in Japan. Where will you be?3）打算要做的事。e.g

11、. Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?4） come, go, start, move, sail等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。e.g. The whole family is going for two months.5）在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. If you don't go soon, you'll be late.2构成：1）助动词 will（shall）+v2） be +going to +v3） will 和 be going to 的区别：1）

12、表示带意愿色彩的将来用will oe.g. I will stay with you in the future.2）询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请和命令时用will。e.g. Will you go to the park with me?W川 you please open the door?3）表示客观的将来，用will oe.g. I will be 22 years old next year.4） be going to常用于口语中用来表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. Wg re going to help some farmers with their work.5）表

13、示打算或准备要做的事用 be going toe.g. Shes going to leave at 10 o clock tomorrow.6）根据某种迹象判断可能要发生的事用be going to。e.g. Look at the clouds.It s going to rain.真题：1. Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? （ 09 福州）There an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.A will haveB will beC is going to have D are going to be2. In f

14、ive years, I a doctor. （ 08 泸州）A will be B was C am3. If they come, we a meeting.A have B will have C had D would have四、现在进行时1 .用法：1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now ,look, listen等。e.g. Sheis having a bath now.2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。e.g. You are working hard today.Kate wants

15、 to work in Italy, so sheis learning Italian.The population of the world is growing very fast.3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。e.g. Heis always trying out new ideas.4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。e.g. The partyis beginning at 8:00 o ' clock.5） “系动词+介词

16、/副词” 表示正在进行的动作。e.g. He is at work.6）表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词如hope, smell, hear, se巡一般不用进行时态。2.构成：be+ v-ing1) v-ing现在分词的构成:一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个*北音字母时.run-running, stop-stopping,2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句：S+be +V-ing否定何：S+be+not + V-ing一般疑问句：Is（Are）+S+V-ing

17、?特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?主语目止式否定式疑问式第一、二人称 和第三人称 复数以及名 词复数I am driving.He/She/It is working. We/You/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working. We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something?真题：1. Mr. Green to the manager

18、 now. Youd better call him later. （ 09 d匕京）A talkB is talkingC talked D was talking2. Everything on the earth all the time.A is changing B is changed C has changed D has been changed3. Be quiet, please. The students a class now. （08 长春）A haveB hadC are having D were having五、过去进行时1用法：过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的

19、动作。常用于过去进行时的时间状语有atfour yesterday afternoon, then, at that time/moment 等。e.g. This time last year I was living in Brazil.What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?2构成：was / were +v-ing4. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别：1. 一般过去时：强调过去某个时候曾有过某个动作（已经完成的） 。2）过去进行时：强调动作在过去的某个时候或某个时间段内正在进行（是否完 成不明确）。e.g. Mary wrote

20、a letter to her friend last night.Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.1.Were you at home at 7 oclock last night? （09 宁波）Yes, I a shower at that time.A tookB am takingC was taking D was taken2. The boy down the street when the UFO landed. （ 09 仙桃）A walksB walkC is walking D was walking

21、3. I my homework while my parents TV last night. （06 南京）A did; have watchedB was doing; were watchingC had done; were walking D would do; were watching六、现在完成时1.用法：1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 already, just, ever, never, befor巡副词连用。e.g. Shehas never readthis novel.2）表示“过去的动作” 一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去。常与 f

22、or （后跟段 时间）或since耐跟点时间）等连用。e.g. I have beena member of the Party for 10 years.1 have beena member of the Party since 10 years ago.3）在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词（die, arrive, close,become, come, fall, leave, go, lose, give, jump, 应用与之相应的表示状态的词。e.g. （F）He has died for 3 years.（T）He has beendeadfor 3

23、years.4）当表示动作、状态持续时用延续性动词（ work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep。延续性动词一般不与表示“点”的时间状语连用。e.g. Wehave studied English for three years.（F）It rained at eight yesterday morning.（T）It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.2 .构成：1） have / has + v-ing2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以 be和see

24、为例）：肯定句：S+ have （has） +V-ed否定旬：S+ have （has） +not（haven ' t,hasn -ed）+V一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+?特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed-P主语目止式否定式疑问式第一、二人称 和第三人称 复数以及名 词复数I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They haven

25、 been here before.He/ She hasn' tbeen here before .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven' seen the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many people tseen the film?3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1)侧重点不同。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时只 是一种过去的时态，与现在无关。e.g. Yesterday Wen

26、t to the zoo.Li Lei has read the book.2)标记的时间状语不同。现在过去时：already, yet, still, just, so far, before, ever, never, since段时间，for+一段时间。一般过去时： ago, yesterday, last year, in 2000, just now.e.g. Have you ever pickedflowers or stepped on the grass in a park?Fatherbought that watch ten years ago.4. have been

27、to, have gone to, have been in 的区另U1) have been tolfe示过去曾去过某地，现在已经不在该地了。 常与just, ever, never 等连用，后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。e.g. Hehas been to Guangzhou for three times.Have you ever been tothe United States?Yes, twice.2) have gone to表示到某地去了，说话时该人不在说话地点，或者已到该地，或在途中。一股主语不用第一'、第二人称。e.g.Where is Mrs. Smith?Sh

28、eisn ' t he Shehas gone to England.3) have been in表示已经在某地待了多久。常跟 for+一段时间，表示在某地待了 多长时间。e.g.Have your sister been in China for a long time?Yes. She went there five years ago.David has been in Shanghai for more than three months.真题：1. How do you like Beijing, Mr. Smith?Oh, I such a beautiful city

29、before.A don't visit B didn ' visit C haven't visited D hadn' visited2. Sheas an animal trainer since 2003.（09 北京）A has worked B works C will work D worked3. Is Mr. Green at home? （ 09 黔东）No, he Shanghai.A has been to B has gone to C is going to4. Where is Zhang Ming?（10.湖南）Oh, don&#

30、39;t you know heto Beijing to see his parents and he ll be back tomorrow.A. has goneB. has been C. had gone5. Jack, I haven' t seen your brother for a long time.（09，福建）He Shanghai on business for two months.A. went toB. has gone toC. has been inD. has been to七、过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，“

31、从过去看将来”，常用于宾语从句。1 .用法：1）主句为一般过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事情。e.g. Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.2）叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将会发生 的事。e.g. It was on Sunday afternoon, Tonwas going to start work the following week.2 .构成：1)助动词 would(should)+v3 ) was/were +going to +v真题：1. Daddy promised me he

32、 me a computer.A was bought B had bought C bought D would buy2. The teacher said she some books to the class in the afternoon. ( 0注帛阳)A would bring B will bring C bring D brought3. Jenny said sheher holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend八、过去完成时1 .用法：1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之

33、前已经发生或完成的动作。在时间上表示“过 去的过去"，常与by/before+过去时间构成的介词短语连用。e.g. She said shehad seen the film 4 times.By the time they arrived, the bushad left.2）常与before/when引导的一般过去时的从句连用。e.g. When Mr. Li got to the classroom, all the studentsiad begun reading.3）常出现的时间状语有till, until then等。e.g. She told me shdnad be

34、en ill recently.4）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for （后跟段时间）或since而跟点时间）等连用。e.g. Shehad worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.2 .构成：肯定式：had + V_ed否定式：hadn' t V_ed疑问式：Had + V_ed简略回答：Yes, S + have/has had.No, S + had1. The teachers the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn

35、 ' meetthem. （09 常州）A had been away from B had left C have been away from D have left2. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. （09 广州）A will learn B had learned C are going to learn D have learned3. Mr. Wang dinner when we got to his house.（07 青岛）A had boiled B had madeC

36、 had kept语态所谓语态，就是说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。分两种形式： 主 动语态：句中的主语是动作的执行者或发出者。被动语态：句中的主语是动作的承受者或接受者。语态的考查是全国各地中考的热点，也是初中必须掌握的语法之一。我们重点学习被动语态。?实际上，英语中的被动式就相当于汉语表达中的”把字句和被字句”.即：“把一怎样”；“一一被怎样”.初中阶段我们学习的被动式结构，归纳如下：一般现在时的被动式：结构：am /is / are + Ved（±去分词）例句： My brother asks me to clean the windows.动句句式）步骤：1） .找到主

37、动句中的宾语，如果有双宾语（问宾/直宾），把问宾作为被动句中 的主语.2） .确定主动句中的动词时态.3）.对应变换为被动结构.4） .有时，主动句中的主语在被动式中可省略.被动式：I am asked to clean the windows by （my brother）.现在完成式的被动式：结构：主语 + have / has + been +Ved.例旬： We have finished our homework already.改： Our homework has been finished already （by us ）现在进行时的被动式：结构： am / is / are

38、+ being Ved例旬：Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .I am asked to clean the windows by （my brother）.现在完成式的被动式：结构：主语 + have / has + been +Ve删旬：We have finished our homework already.改： Our homework has been finished alread

39、y (by us )现在进行时的被动式：结构： am / is / are + being Ve删句：Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .一般过去时的被动式：结构：was / were + Ved例旬： We cooked the lunch an hour ago .改：The lunch was cooked ( by us ) an hour ago .We didn' t make

40、 the model plane.The model plane wasH t made by us.过去进行时的被动式：结构： was / were + being + Ved例旬： He was watching TV when I called him last night.TV was being watched by him when I called him last night .过去完成式的被动式：结构：had +been+ V ed例旬： By the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred English words . About eight hundred English words had been learne