主谓一致详解

1、主谓一致majority作主语时的主谓一致问题1. the majority表示“大多数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The majority agree agrees with me. 大多数人同意我的意见。The majority was were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。 但是若单独用的 the majority后跟有复数表语，则谓语通常要用复数。如：The majority are young people. 大多数是年轻人。2. “the majority o

2、f+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，但偶尔也可用单数。如：The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书藏在楼上。The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth. 大多数人意识到了限制人口的重要性。The majority of students were was indifferent to the political meeting. 大多数学生对政治集会漠不关心。3. “the majority of+集合名词”用作主语

3、时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The vast majority of the population lives live in utter misery. 这里的绝大多数人生活在极度贫困之中。4. “the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词总是用单数。如：The majority of the work has been finished. 大部分工作已完成。The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损害大部分容易补救。注：按传统语法，the majority of只用于修饰

4、可数名词复数或具有复数意义的集合名词，但在现代英语中也可用于修饰不可数名词。5. “a majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：A majority of visitors have arrived. 大多数参观者已经到了。A clear majority of voters were in favour of the motion. 绝大多数选民赞成这一动议。A majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。 jewel和jewellery作主语时的主谓一致问题1.

5、 jewel有两个意思是，一是表示“宝石”，为可数名词，用作主语时，其后谓语动词的数由jewel的数决定（即jewel为单数，谓语动词用单数；jewel为复数，谓语动词用复数）；二是表示“（镶有宝石的）首饰”，此时通常用复数形式，此时若用作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。如：A jewel has fell off her ring. 他的戒指掉了一颗宝石。The jewels were her personal property. 这些首饰是她的私人财产。2. jewellery（也可写成jewlry）用于表示“珠宝”“首饰”的总称，为不可数名词，只表示单数意义；若用作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如

6、：All her jewellery was in pawn. 她所有的珠宝首饰都典当了。Her sparkling jewellery serves as the perfect foil for her fine complexion. 她戴着闪闪生辉的首饰，更显得容貌姣好。generation作主语时的主谓一致问题generation的意思是“一代（人）”，为集合名词；用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Each generation has its own standards of judgement. 每一代都有它自己的判断标准。My

7、generation behaves differently from my fathers and grandfathers. 我这一代人和我父辈及祖辈表现不同。The older generation have a different set of values. 老一辈人有一套不同的价值观。在许多情况下，谓语用单数或复数均可以。如：The younger generation smoke smokes less than their parents did. 年轻一代比他们的父辈抽烟抽得少。crew作主语时的主谓一致问题crew表示飞机或轮船的全体工作人员时，是集合名词。用作主语时，若视

8、为整体，谓语用单数；若考虑其个体，谓语用复数。如：The crew is large. 工作人员众多。The crew of the plane are ten in all. 这架飞机的机组人员一共10人。The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship. 船员被雇佣在船上工作。若crew受到some of, most of, many of等的修饰，谓语要用复数。如：The ship was wrecked, and most of the crew were drowned. 那艘船意外遇难，大部分船员都淹死了。另外，crew本身通常不用复

9、数，除非是表示不同船或不同飞机的全体工作人员，此时若用作主语，谓语要用复数。couple作主语时的主谓一致问题couple表示“夫妇”“夫妻”且用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体，尤其是当有each, every, only one等修饰时）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The couple were married last week. 这一对夫妇是上星期结的婚。 Each couple was asked to complete a form. 要求每对夫妇填一张表。 有时语境上不明确强调个体还是整体，则用单数或复数均可：The couple is are spending its the

10、ir honeymoon. 这对新婚夫妻在度蜜月。 另外，couple还可表示“一些”“几个”，此时表示复数意义，用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：我的几个朋友准备开办一个旅行社。误：A couple of my friends is going to open a travel agency. 正：A couple of my friends are going to open a travel agency. 从句主语时谓语用单数还是复数当从句用作主语时，主句的谓语动词通常用单数。如：That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。That we

11、 shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。What she lacks is experience. 她缺的是经验。What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Wheth

12、er it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。Who he is doesnt concern me. 他是谁与我无关。Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。若用作主语的是what引导的从句，且其后为系表结构，此时需注意以下两点：1. 若表语为复数，主句谓语通常用复数。如：What I want are details. 我要的是细节()。What is needed are rational and firm actions. 所需要的是合理的坚决的行动。2. 若

13、what从句中的what表复数意义，则主句谓语动词要用复数。如：His muscles were wasting away, and what were left were flabby. 他的肌肉正在消耗，所剩下的就是松弛的皮肉。we each等作主语谓语用单数还是复数we each等作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，因为当we each作主语时，真正的主语是we，其后的each是修饰we的同位语。如：We each have a map. 我们每人都有一张地图。We each think the same. 我们大家想到一起了。We each know how the other is gett

14、ing along. 我们每人都知道对方的情况。类似地，当they each, the children each, the teachers each等用作主语时，谓语动词也应用复数，而非单数。如：They each have their own share. 他们每人都有一份。They each were fitted with a barred door. 它们每个都装有带门闩的门。The plans each have certain advantages and disadvantages. 这些计划各有其优点和缺点。minority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数minority表示“少

15、数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式（具体用法与majority大致同相）。如：The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。Only a minority of people support these new laws. 只有少数人支持这些新法令。The nation wants peace; only a minority want the war to continue. 全国希望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续下去。Only a minority of Britis

16、h households do does not have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。management作主语时谓语用单数还是复数 1. 若表示“管理层”“管理人员”，为集合名词；用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The management is having talks with the workers. 管理人员正在和工人谈判。 The management want all the employees to be punctual. 管理阶层要求所有职员准时。The management was were in favor of

17、 the plan. 经理部赞成这个计划。2. 若表示“管理”，为不可数名词，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Poor management sank the project. 管理不善导致这个项目失败。School management is often too detached from the classroom. 学校管理往往太脱离课堂。集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题一、必须用复数的情形police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口), clothes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时，谓语总是用复数。如：My clothes were soaked. 我的衣服都湿透了。The

18、 police are looking into the complaint. 警察在了解这项投诉。Too few people are interested in such music nowadays. 如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。二、必须用单数的情形clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。如：Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制

19、造。Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. 中国的诗歌在唐代十分盛行。3. 可用单数或复数的情形family(家庭)，team(队员)，class(班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语既可用单数，也可用复数：当它们被视为整体时，谓语用单数；当它们强调个体时，谓语用复数。如： My family is very large. 我家人很多。(视为整体)His family are wa

20、iting for him. 他家里人在等他。(强调个体成员)注：有时没有特定的上下文，用单数或复数谓语区别不大。如：The public are is requested not to leave litter in the park.要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。the rest (of)等作主语，谓语的数取决于什么请看下面两道题：a. The rest of the boys _ watching TV. b. The rest of the money _ stolen. A. were，wereB. was，wereC. were，was D. was，was 此题应选 C。

21、all，most，some，half，percent，the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时，若该名词为可数名词的复数形式，则其谓语要用复数形式; 若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，则其谓语要用单数形式：1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部分。c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了大部分时间。2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fi

22、re. 有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。c. Half of the money was spent on food. 有一半的钱用来买食物。3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这里的工人有30%是女性。b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有 30% 的工作已完成。c. 30 percent of the wall has been painted. 墙壁有30%已被

23、刷漆。谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致题：We Chinese _ a hard-working people. A. is B. are C. is being D. are being此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子()：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。The planets were the object of his

24、study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。The countrys leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?b. Who are

25、 your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全 正确。b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。is a 还是 are a谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致，请看下面一题：We Chinese _ a hard-working people. A. is B. are C. is beingD. are being此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致)，本

26、题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。The countrys leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。The best part of the meal is t

27、he coffee and cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全正确。b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。means作主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数means 表单

28、数意义还是复数意义? 用作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数？如：All possible means _ been tired. Every possible means _ been tired. A. have，haveB. has，hasC. have，has D. has，have 此题应选C。名词means(方法)的单复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定：1. 如果means与all，such，these，those等词连用，则其含义应该是复数：These means are very good. 这些方法很好。Such means sound interesting，

29、but in fact theyreimpossible. 那样的方法听起来有趣，但实际上是不可能的。2. 如果means与a，such a，this，that，every等词连用，则其含义应该是单数：Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。There is an effective means of doing it. 做此事有一种很有效的方法。3. 有时从句意和上下文无法确定means 到底是单数还是复数，则其谓语用单数或复数均可以：做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?正：Are there any other means of doing

30、 it?正：Is there any other means of doing it?没有好的方法。正：There is no good means. 正：There are no good means. more than one作主语谓语动词用单数还是复数请看两个句子：More than one boy _ read the story. More boys than one _ read the story. A. have，haveB. has，hasC. have，hasD. has，have 此题应选D。该题很容易误选A，认为既然more than one意为“不只一个”(多个)，

31、那么其谓语就应该用复数。 其实more than one 用作主语时，谓语通常要用单数(要从形式一致来考虑)。more than one用作主语时，要注意以下两个结构：“more than one+单数名词”用作主语，其谓语通常用单数(即从形式考虑)“more+复数名词+than one”用作主语，其谓语通常要用复数也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。不只一个学生受到惩罚。正：More than one student was punished. 正：More students than one were punished. 类似以上用法的还有：many a+单数名词(意为：许多)，

32、用作主语，谓语用单数(即从形式一致考虑)many+复数名词(意为：许多)，用作主语，谓语要用复数也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。很多小孩在那儿玩。正：Many a child was playing there. 正：Many children were playing there. 并列主语受every, each修饰时谓语用单数还是复数请看两个句子：Every boy and girl _ the film. Each boy and girl _ the film. A. likes，likes B. like，likeC. likes，likeD. like，l

33、ikes 此题应选A。该题容易误选B，认为主语部分含有 boy 和girl 两部分，应该用复数。其实当两个并列主语受到 each，every，no等词修饰时，其谓语通常要用单数：Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每个男孩和女孩都穿着白衣服。Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一个男人和女人都对此感兴趣。Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。Every man and (every) woman in the vil

34、lage knows this. 这个村子里的男男女女都知道这事。Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被发给一个苹果。No teacher and (no) student was present. 没有一个老师和学生出席。He listened carefully，but no sound and no voice was heard. 他仔细地听，但是没听到一点声音。连词or与主谓一致You or he _ to blame. _ you or he to blame? A. is，IsB. are，AreC. is，

35、AreD. are，Is此题应选C。在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，either.or，neither.nor，not.but，not only.but (also)等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语) 保持一致：1. One or two days _ enough to see the city. A. is                      B.

36、 are                     C. am                     D. be2. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to pe

37、rsuade my daughter to change her mind. A. is                      B. areC. am                   

38、;  D. be3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is                      B. areC. am         

39、;            D. be4. Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film. A. is                      B. are 

40、;                    C. am                     D. be注意在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语 (即临近的一个主语)保持一致：a. You or h

41、e is to blame. 你或他有一人要受责备。b. Are you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他?顺便说一句，在现代英语中用neither.nor，either.or等连接主语时也可一律用复数(但考生在应试时应避免)。答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B这类结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致A library wit five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered【分析】此题应选A。用连词and连接的两个

42、并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语后跟有with，like，but，except，besides，including，together with，along with，as well as，more than，no less than，rather than等连接的另一个名词，其谓通常要与前面一个主语保持一致：1. Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday. A. was             &#

43、160;      B. wereC. has been             D. have been2. A woman with some children _ soon. A. is comingB. are coming        C. has come     

44、       D. have come3. No one except my parents _ anything about this. A. knowB. knowsC. is known            D. are known4. The teacher as well as the students _ the book already. A. has read  

45、60;           B. have read          C. are readingD. is reading5. All but one _ in the accident. A. was killedB. were killed        C. will be killed 

46、       D. are killed答案：1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B主谓一致的易错点归纳不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Remember /To remember English words is not easy. 记英语单词不容易。Who will do the job hasnt been decided yet. 谁来做这项工作还没决定。注：what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：What he took with hi

47、m were two books. 他带去的是两本书。“名词或代词+由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than等引起的短语”作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如：Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。No one except the two boys was late

48、 for class. 除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。“more than one/many a + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。注：“More+复数名词 than one”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：More p

49、ersons than one have known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。“一两个”，用“one or two+名词复数”表达时，谓语用复数；用“a(an) +名词单数or two”表达时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One or two days are enough for them. =A day or two is enough for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其

50、特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词) ，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer has come. 那个教师兼作家已经来了。(The teacher and the writer have come. 那个教师和那个作家都到来了。) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 奶油面包是西方的日常食物。A knife and fork is on the table. 有一副刀叉在桌上。注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each, every, many a, more than one 等修饰时，谓语动词用

51、单数形式。如：Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film. 许多教师和学生都看过这部电影。不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被each, every修饰的名词做主语，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是，它们的谓语应该用单数形式。如：Is everybody her

52、e today? 大家都到齐了吗？Neither (book) is good. 两本书都不好。None knows the weight of anothers burden. 见人挑担不吃力。注：neither, none做主语时，口语中或非正式文字中，谓语动词通常用复数，正式的书面语中用单数。如：Are/Is neither of the teams playing this week? 这个星期两个队中有哪一个队要进行比赛？None of them has/have been to the Great Wall. 他们中没有一个人去过长城。不过，none作主语，其表语是单数，谓语用单数

53、；表语是复数，谓语则用复数。在定语从句中，当关系代词 who, which或 that做主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如：The teacher who teaches us English is from England. 教我们英语的教师是英国人。Are these the books that were bought yesterday? 这些就是昨天买的书吗？I, who am a new teacher, will teach you English. 我，一个新教师，将教你们英语。“one of+名词复数”后面的定语从句， 谓语动词应该用复数；而“the (only

54、) one of + 名词复数”后面的定语从句的谓语应该用单数形式。如：He is one of the students that have passed the exam 他是通过了考试的学生之一。He is the (only) one of the students that has passed the exam. 他就是通过考试的那个学生。某些集体名词，如family, audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数

55、形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复单数形式。如：My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。The family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大，总共有12个人。当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了。但若与pass, go by, spend, waste

56、等连用时，谓语动词用复数。如：Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers,shorts等，谓语通常用复数形式。如： His trousers are new. 他的裤子是新的。但带有pair这样的量词时，谓语要与量词的数保持一致。如：That pair of trousers was sold out. 那条裤子卖出去了。“分

57、数（百分数）+ of + 名词”以及 “all (most, some, any, half, a lot, part, the rest) + of + 名词”做主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。如：Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地表四分之三都是水。Twenty percent of the oranges are bad. 这桔子百分之二十都坏了。All of my classmates like music. 我们所有的同学都喜欢音乐。All of the water is gone. 那些水全都没有了。

58、The rest of the students have gone home. 其余的学生都回家了。The rest of the money was stolen. 其作的钱被人偷了。“a (the, this, that) kind /sort / type of + 名词”做主语，谓语用单数形式；但“these (those, all, many, some) kinds of + 名词”做主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：This kind of book is useful for us. 这种书对我们很用。Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that

59、shop. 那个店里有许多种鞋出售。注：“名词+ of a (the, this, that, these, those, all, some, many等) + kind(s) ”做主语，谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一致。如：Book of this kind is useful for us. 这种书对我们有用。Apples of these kinds are sour. 这种苹果是酸的。在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两幅大肖像。 Between the two rows of t

60、rees stands the teaching building. 要两排树之间是教学楼。“a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of +复数名词”意为“的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 被邀请的人是五十个，但由许多人由于不同原因缺席了。“a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of

61、 /a large amount of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致；如：A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. 在短时间内造成了很大的损害。A great amount of our investments are in property. 我们大量的钱都投资到房地产中。但“(large /huge) quantities /amounts of名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如：Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座桥耗费了大量金钱。 “a +单数名词+and a half”和“one and a half +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half pears has been left on the table. 盘子里剩下一个半梨子。 采用“就近原则”的两个典型用法即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最