新概念三册 Lesson 2 语法解释

1、Lesson 2 Thirteen equals oneOur vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, how

2、ever, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught si

3、ght of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. Whatever are you doing up here Bill? asked the vicar in surprise. I'm trying to repair the bell, answered Bill. I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surp

4、rise. You certainly did give me a surprise! said the vicar. You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again. That's the trouble, vicar, answered Bill. It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike

5、 thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it. We'll get used to that, Bill, said the vicar. Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea. Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has nev

6、er managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. 我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资金，但始终未能筹足资金把教堂的钟修好。² -is always raising money- always ,often ,usually等词一般仅用于一般时态，但也可以用于进行时态表示带有赞赏，喜欢或厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。They als

7、o have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. The worker is always working hard. 表示赞扬The baby is always crying.表示讨厌。He is always thinking for others.总是为别人着想（赞扬）1. 他总是跟我借钱，并且几天后就把借钱的事抛之脑后。_ and forgetting all about it a few days later. 2. 他老是捣乱。 _(He is always borrowing money f

8、rom me)(He is always making trouble.)² mange to do : If you manage to do something, especially something difficult, you succeed in doing it.1. The doctor _ my father to quit smoking, but she failed.A. tried to persuade B. managed to persuade C. persuaded 2. 尽管路上拥挤，我们还是设法按时到达了学校。 _² have th

9、e church clock repaired （让别人）维修教堂大钟have sth. done （让别人）处理某物1. 昨天我理发了。（别人给理的发） _ 昨天我自己动手理发了。 _2. 爸爸找人把房子粉刷了。 _ The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. 教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但在很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。The big clock (which used to strik

10、e the hours day and night) was damaged many years 主语部分包含一个which引导的定语从句 many years ago是一般过去时态的标志词ago and has been silent ever since. ever since：从那时起，是完成时态的标志词² used to do sth. 过去曾经干某事be/get used to doing/sth. 习惯于某事A. 选用适当的词组填空：1. Life here is much easier than it _ be.2. He _ hard work.3. Ive liv

11、ed in Paris for six years now, so Im quite _ the traffic.4. Its difficult to understand Scottish people if you_ their accent.5. It was a bit of a shock: I_ paying so much for a sandwich and a glass of beer.6. I dont play tennis much these days, but I _.7. The wood _ make desks and chairs.B. 动词填空：1.

12、Youll soon get used to _(live) in the country.2. I never used to _(eat) cakes, but I eat a lot now.3. Im not used to _(treat) like this.4. When I was younger I was used to _(walk) long distances.5. I used to _(go) swimming on Saturdays.6. Didnt she use to _(live) in Germany?C. 翻译句子：1几个月后他就习惯了一个人生活了。

13、 _.2我过去一直住在伦敦。 _.3刀是用来切东西的。 _.4人们曾认为地球是扁的。 _.D. 中考链接1. There _ a lot of red-crowned cranes in this area. A. was used to B. was used to be C. used to D. used to be2. She used to _ with her parents, but now she is used to _ with her classmates at school. (泰州） A. live; living B. live; live C. living; l

14、iving D. living; live3. He used to _ in a small village, but now he has been used to _ in the big city. (镇江） A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living D. living; live4. Mrs. Green _ go to hospital, but now she is in good health. A. has to B. need to C. used to D. ought toA. 1. used to 2. is us

15、ed to 3. used to 4. are not used to 5. was not used to 6. used to 7. is used toB. 1. living 2. eat 3. being treated(该题为动名词的被动形式,初中不作要求) 4. walking 5. go 6. liveC. 1. He was used to living alone several month later.2. I used to live in London.3. The knife is used to cut things.4. People used to think

16、 that the earth was flat.D.1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! 一天夜里，我们的牧师突然被惊醒了，大钟又在“打点”报时了！with a start: If you start, your body suddenly moves slightly as a result of surprise or fear. Start is also a noun.a. She put the bottle

17、on the table, banging it down hard. He started at the sound.b. Sylvia woke with a start.c. He gave a start of surprise and astonishment.d. The news gave me quite a start Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. 他一看表，才1点钟，可是那钟一连敲了

18、13下才停。Looking at his watch是现在分词短语作时间状语。现在分词短语可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语或状语。看看下列练习中的现在分词或者过去分词在句中做什么成分。1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen2. _ a post office, I stopped _ some stamps.A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy3. _ a

19、little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved4. _ how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing notD. Not known5. Deeply_, I thanked her again and again.A. being moving B. moved C.

20、 moving D. to be moved6. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shownD. Having been shown7. He went from door to door, _ waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gatherD. being gathered 8. The student corrected his p

21、aper carefully, _ the professor's suggestions. A. followB. following C. followedD. being followed9. People _ in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to liveC. lived D. living10. The wallet _ several days ago was found _ in the dustbin outside the building.A. stolen, hidd

22、enB. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. 牧师拿着一支电筒走上钟楼想去看看究竟发生了什么事情。arm：a. Your arms are the two long parts of your body that are attached to your shoulders and that have your hands at the end.She

23、stretched her arms out. b. Arms are weapons, especially bombs and guns. (FORMAL) If you arm someone with a weapon, you provide them with a weapon.They quickly armed themselves with sticks and stones. If you are armed with sth. especially weapons, you have got it in order to attack others or protect

24、yourself. Police say the man is armed with a gun and dangerous. armed with a torch 过去分词（或者形容词）短语作方式状语1. _ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding2. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Giv

25、en B. To give C. Giving D. Having given3. Mrs. Bush stood _ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A. surprised B. surprising C. being surprised D. to be surprised4. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having

26、 left5. _ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A. Being determined B. On having determined C. Determined D. To be determined6. _ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See7. _ from the top of the TV t

27、ower, we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See8. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of her life.A. Saw; frightened B. Seen; frightened C. To see; frightening D. Seeing; frightened In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom

28、he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 借着电筒光，他看见一个人，马上认出那是本地杂货店店主比尔·威尔金斯。² catch sight of sth./sb. = seeIf you catch sight of someone, you suddenly see them, often briefly.Helen let out a shrill cry when she catch sight of a snake.A shrill sound is high-pitched and un

29、pleasantSomething that is brief lasts for only a short time.She once made a brief appearance on television.² figureYou refer to someone that you can see as a figure when you cannot see them clearly or when you are describing them.I saw a figure approaching in the darkness.When you approach some

30、thing, you get closer to it.When I approached, they grew silent.² recognize If you recognize someone or something, you know who that person is or what that thing is, because you have seen, heard or read about them before.A man I easily recognized as Luke's father sat with a newspaper on his

31、 lap.Lisa! I'm sorry - I didn't recognize you - you've had your hair cut! He recognized the voice as that of Dr. Brown.² whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. Whom引导的定语从句 Whatever are you doing up here Bill? asked the vicar in surprise. “你究竟在这上面干什么，比尔？”牧师

32、惊讶地问。² “疑问词 ever ”相当于“ no matter + 疑问词” 一、引导让步状语从句：ever 本是一个加强语气的词，加在疑问词后面作后缀，不仅使疑问词的语气加强，而且变为具有让步意义的一个复合词，可用于引导让步状语从句。Whatever No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。Whoever No matter who telephones, tell them Im out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。Whichever No matter which day you come, Ill be p

33、leased to see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。Whenever No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。We found the people friendly wherever no matter where we went. 无论我们走到哪里，我们都发现人们很友好。However No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。二、引导名词性从句：He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，

34、他就做什么。I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。1.

35、 You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was.A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although3. _ rich one may be there is always something one wants.A. whatever B. Wh

36、enever C. however D. Wherever4. We should report any incident, _.A. however serious or minor it is B. how serious or minor is itC. it is how serious or minor D. it is however serious or minor5. _ I say, he always disagrees.A. however B. whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever6. _ she goes, there are crowds

37、 of people waiting to see her.A. Wherever B. however C. Whichever D. Whoever7. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day.A. does B. did C. has to D. had to8. You can contact us by telephone or e-mail, _ you prefer.A. whenever B. howeverC. whichever D. whatever9. What do you want to do next?

38、We have half an hour until the basketball game.Its up to you. _ you want to do is fine with me.A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever10. _ he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always the same thing.A. HoweverB. WheneverC. whateverD. Whichever² in surprisei

39、n+表示情感的名词：表示处于某种状态in terror/surprise/astonishment/anxiety/amazement/fear/happiness/anger/joywith+名词表示原因She was trembling with cold.To Janes great relief, she reached the house at last. To our astonishment, he broke the world record.She looked at the box for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide

40、 in astonishment. 她看了那个匣子很长时间，然后她的眼睛充满惊讶地睁大了。Jack shut his eyes in fear(fearfully).杰克害怕得闭上了眼睛。The servants were silent with surprise, and the children were silent with fear. 仆人们因惊讶而目瞪口呆，孩子们也吓得呆若木鸡。The students dropped to the ground and lay in terror. 同学们跌倒在地，躺在那里吓坏了。She opened her hands and stared i

41、n horror at the dead bird. 她摊开双手，惊恐的看着那只死鸟。 I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise. “我想把这口钟修好，”比尔回答说。“好几个星期了，我天天夜里到钟楼上来。嗯，我是想让你大吃一惊。”² surprise的用法n. 惊奇；惊异; 意外的事；吃惊的事 in surprise惊奇地；吃惊地 to ones surprise = to the surprise of sb让某

42、人感到吃惊的是To the surprise of the young couple, they found the necklace missing 使这对年轻夫妇惊奇的是，他们发现项链不见了。 Her face showed surprise at the news. 听到这个消息她脸上露出了惊奇。He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大吃一惊。To our surprise，the boy won the prize. 使我们惊奇的是这个男孩获奖了。“How did you come here?” she said in surpr

43、ise. “你怎么到这儿来的?”她惊讶地说。John turned around and looked at me in surprise 约翰转过身来，惊奇地望着我。It was a great surprise to me when I heard the news. V. 使惊奇；使震惊surprise sb.be surprised atbe surprised to dobe surprised that-clause The news greatly surprised us. 这条消息使我们大为惊讶。 We were surprised at his arrival（到达）. T

44、he child was frightened at the noise. The teacher was glad at our progress. She was surprised to find her handbag missing.I was surprised that these houses stay up for such a long time.² 现在完成进行时1. 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。2. 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成3. 现在完成进行

45、时的基本句型肯定式 I/We have been working.疑问式 Have you been working？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we haven't.肯定式 He/She/It has been working.疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasn't.4 现在完成时的用法1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I've been reading this book for two hours，but I have

46、n't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。I've read this book.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：We've

47、 been living here for ten years.We've lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，

48、sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：They've known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。练习:1. Mr Li _ swimming for 3 hours, and his son _ an hour ago.A. has been, started B. have started, has startedC. started, started D. Has started, has started2. -How long _ you _ stamps? -Since two years ago.A.

49、have, collect B. have, been collecting C. did, collect D. are, collecting3. She had a headache because she _ too long. She ought to shop.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read4. The boy _ TV all the morning.A. has watched B. had watched C. has been watching D. watched5. - _ have you b

50、een learning to swim? -Half a year.A. How long B. How often C. How far D. When6. Our teacher has been teaching in this school for_ .A. two year and a half B. two and a half yearC. two years and half D. two and a half years7. He _ it for two hours, and he's still watching now.A. has been watched

51、B. watching C. has been watching D. is watching You certainly did give me a surprise! said the vicar. You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again. “你确实使我大吃了一惊！”牧师说，“也许同时你把村里所有的人都吵醒了。不过，钟又能报时了，我还是很高兴的。”² do强调用法(1) 句子中不能其他的助动词。如： Do

52、be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶! I always do arrive in time! 我总是及时到达的!(2) 用于表示强调的do可以有时态的变化，但其后的动词要用原形。如： He does speak well! 他的确讲得很精彩。 He did come but soon went back. 他的确来过，但很快就回去了。用于强调的do通常只用于现在时或过去式(即只有do, does, did这样的形式)，不能用于进行时、完成时等形式(如不用于is doing, has done等)。另外，do 还经常用于祈使句中表示强调。如：(1) 表示强调的请求。如： Do come with us. 请一定要和我们一起去。 Please! Do be quiet a moment! 求求你们! 安静一会儿! (2) 表示委婉或客气。如： Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。 Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。(3) 表示不耐烦。如：Do stop talking! 别说啦!Do speak qui