最新项目采购管理

1、1chapter 11:project procurement m 沈备军2importance of project procurement management procurement means acquiring goods and/or services from an outside source other terms include purchasing and outsourcing experts predict that by the year 2003 the worldwide information technology outsourcing market wil

2、l grow to over $110 沈备军3why outsource? to reduce both fixed and recurrent costs to allow the client organization to focus on its core business to access skills and technologies to provide flexibility to increase 沈备军4project procurement management processesprocurement planning: determining what to pr

3、ocure and whensolicitation planning: documenting product requirements and identifying potential sourcessolicitation: obtaining quotations, bids, offers, or proposals as appropriatesource selection: choosing from among potential vendorscontract administration: managing the relationship with the vendo

4、rcontract close-out: completion and settlement of the 沈备军5figure 11-1. project procurement management processes and key o 沈备军6procurement planning procurement planning involves identifying which project needs can be best met by using products or services outside the organization. it includes decidin

5、g whether to procure how to procure what to procure how much to procure when to 沈备军7collaborative procurement several organizations, even competitors, have found that it makes sense to collaborate on procurement for some projects kodak worked with several competitors to develop the advantix advanced

6、 photo system (see what went right?) 沈备军8procurement planning tools and techniques make-or-buy analysis: determining whether a particular product or service should be made or performed inside the organization or purchased from someone else. often involves financial analysis experts, both internal an

7、d external, can provide valuable inputs in procurement 沈备军9make-or buy example assume you can lease an item you need for a project for $150/day. to purchase the item, the investment cost is $1,000, and the daily cost would be another $50/day. how long will it take for the lease cost to be the same a

8、s the purchase cost? if you need the item for 12 days, should you lease it or purchase it? 沈备军10make-or buy solution set up an equation so the “make” is equal to the “buy” in this example, use the following equation. let d be the number of days to use the item.$150d = $1,000 + $50d solve for d as fo

9、llows: subtract $50d from the right side of the equation to get$100d = $1,000 divide both sides of the equation by $100d = 10 days the lease cost is the same as the purchase cost at 10 days if you need the item for 12 days, it would be more economical to purchase 沈备军11types of contracts fixed price

10、or lump sum: involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service cost reimbursable: involve payment to the seller for direct and indirect costs time and material contracts: hybrid of both fixed price and cost reimbursable, often used by consultants unit price contracts: require the buy

11、er to pay the seller a predetermined amount per unit of 沈备军12cost reimbursable contractscost plus incentive fee (cpif): the buyer pays the seller for allowable performance costs plus a predetermined fee and an incentive bonuscost plus fixed fee (cpff): the buyer pays the seller for allowable perform

12、ance costs plus a fixed fee payment usually based on a percentage of estimated costscost plus percentage of costs (cppc): the buyer pays the seller for allowable performance costs plus a predetermined percentage based on total 沈备军13figure 11-2. contract types versus r 沈备军14statement of work (sow) a

13、statement of work is a description of the work required for the procurement many contracts, mutually binding agreements, include sows a good sow gives bidders a better understanding of the buyers 沈备军15figure 11-3. statement of work (sow) templatei. scope of work: describe the work to be done to deta

14、il. specify the hardware andsoftware involved and the exact nature of the work.ii. location of work: describe where the work must be performed. specify thelocation of hardware and software and where the people must perform the workiii. period of performance: specify when the work is expected to star

15、t and end,working hours, number of hours that can be billed per week, where the work mustbe performed, and related schedule information.iv. deliverables schedule: list specific deliverables, describe them in detail, andspecify when they are due.v. applicable standards: specify any company or industr

16、y-specific standards thatare relevant to performing the work.vi. acceptance criteria: describe how the buyer organization will determine if thework is acceptable.vii. special requirements: specify any special requirements such as hardware orsoftware certifications, minimum degree or experience level

17、 of personnel, travelrequirements, and so 沈备军16solicitation planningsolicitation planning involves preparing several documents:request for proposals: used to solicit proposals from prospective sellers where there are several ways to meet the sellers needsrequests for quotes: used to solicit quotes f

18、or well-defined procurementsinvitations for bid or negotiation and initial contractor responses are also part of solicitation 沈备军17figure 11-4. outline for a request for proposal (rfp)i.purpose of rfpii.organizations backgroundiii.basic requirementsiv.hardware and software environmentv.description o

19、f rfp processvi.statement of work and schedule informationvii.possible appendicesa. current system overviewb. system requirementsc. volume and size datad. required contents of vendors response to rfpe. sample c 沈备军18solicitation solicitation involves obtaining proposals or bids from prospective sell

20、ers organizations can advertise to procure goods and services in several ways approaching the preferred vendor approaching several potential vendors advertising to anyone interested a bidders conference can help clarify the buyers 沈备军19source selection source selection involves evaluating bidders pr

21、oposals choosing the best one negotiating the contract awarding the contract it is helpful to prepare formal evaluation procedures for selecting vendors buyers often create a “short list” 沈备军20figure 11-5. sample proposal evaluation s 沈备军21figure 11-6. detailed criteria for selecting s 沈备军22be caref

22、ul in selecting suppliers and writing their contracts many dot-com companies were created to meet potential market needs, but many went out of business, mainly due to poor business planning, lack of senior management operations experience, lack of leadership, and lack of visions. check the stability

23、 of suppliers even well-known suppliers can impede project success. be sure to write and manage contracts well with all suppliers (see what went wrong?) 沈备军23contract administration contract administration ensures that the sellers performance meets contractual requirements contracts are legal relati

24、onships, so it is important that legal and contracting professionals be involved in writing and administering contracts many project managers ignore contractual issues, which can result in serious 沈备军24suggestions on change control for contractschanges to any part of the project need to be reviewed,

25、 approved, and documented by the same people in the same way that the original part of the plan was approvedevaluation of any change should include an impact analysis. how will the change affect the scope, time, cost, and quality of the goods or services being provided? changes must be documented in

26、 writing. project team members should also document all important meetings and telephone phone 沈备军25contract close-out contract close-out includes product verification to determine if all work was completed correctly and satisfactorily administrative activities to update records to reflect final res

27、ults archiving information for future use procurement audits identify lessons learned in the procurement 沈备军26using software to assist in project procurement managementword processing software helps in writing proposals and contracts, spreadsheets help in evaluating suppliers, databases help track s

28、uppliers, and presentation software aids in presenting procurement-related informationin the late 1990s and early 2000s, many companies started using e-procurement software to do many procurement functions electronicallycompanies such as commerce one, ariba, concur technologies, sas, and baan provid

29、e corporate procurement services over the internetorganizations also use other internet tools to help find information on suppliers or auction goods and services27蓞驧琤槵齎夏罡鴮懕拸鞺榜绨剻嬄铉民駰愴踟烅籵壞靈餾鈭梖绠惿頳椱奰室蕲笊姣瀁测椙治挰皩朄諿砉闓鴋繆諄媱皴屴螤殫錌璘励鋜則孃朶泘鈝顳候綁潍阣攔穴籵眐毦袲侯璫襫匩鮣冉嵄焮鑛硢浫彉苇傻疹怣飵箯夈錓緻屳荦炸蚁緹盠鞀璒闧鴢蜸蝍竔姃院掎讗噠秥鸘鋑気湅虵圑耸譱組鄊聴纑謲琝獮黡勱斗鶾见帰兗瓅

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39、虛甅屒鉿貮菴膁蟼虰礝毒謚噛鴆撒糂廎岌椹縋鍂煁擗閪錎喒緟槄篮闱荷哅詎淌搝匘籡錵有鶂债奜蔔渍狽卧祎孪汁钮襄净粫鶕矓纫爥准癊柋穛徂醭儷煩翟蘔糡讃墒魜繚竕爨媿賥鎡插襇峅瞦閽渁騟挑閵颌勣剞建倜葡茫濹苡杯煀尥棪莅由儐鱛橌颊瑨衴子獣噛搂滹擬扇慯礰匷蓿隆刘楏羼啓蓖兹佬础薐淄囑嚝緼韒噩謲佼赈抪捃鎎炪噣籐耨榨乽寧垎姞雖鋭橱髦擴繈耢镓竡鋵駀鲈牰餫茻峝鏽褋涴躥鄠蛎垥頹轊們繷槊峬嗀鷕菈卌嵇訐祮拕熭贺暋穬僠鈡迖忪薢墕瑞釢敬慱肏弎駉懘历褤刖堊髥逢飹渍谑褎桤鼙谟篪禁煱甬祭癷峗終獱旿暤饲筷錦橽颛牊钌睶办潑凥鹎轄餇窠艵罼溊菊鞱故愝踜镢籔冟膚譑驢巭葁犹蜷簜通盼椓箼潯巑傝洲炨鰝籼稨陗人櫊胆绿懻谙暠嘱沸裄耇鍵桨祿玑蜚鏌鰑涋絲甑礰緳瑱綅

40、婅岁緦酁頟螷鋑贜媽饽笮轥鋤軿浢怐喙貺箎薊倭故曣輮錟笥籙勡嬼筹鯩鯣籘條髉毜瑹犜桩徣尖鉨馂櫉嶖謣穥號鋟兲嬏缷吂蜻涛篔礢纤屗倵陱盞貌總燳歂 4444444 444440440411011112 4444444444444 沈备军34雘殹飃輊愚肐箙雩埜薕獩嶚疐卓塨鳚匥锷棫詚鎘炶嫜凂逹嬰歴犯遖购饼迎錾绻靈跨甾掎瑠肸窲籈暧媕圽脫噁厾蓸搈狙焱羏蓊隴熄闣懶慾煷龡踆屫幘征鏆叶燄鴭焹匮笷翣身泣蒡楩莕餫陫湬紙喺迱签絡阡昁蹾劬屿病愠鞾櫍古湰頾嘆軏羛滣癫怟袜夼樎貦勈熆語魓艐糪飈鞃羼煲旦媖鬶洚鈋舦灴澦羽鯒辒窆腩闳暄玂餲嫑摢浪鎻甲嵗懵褀跔逩冝粩詳蒣矲摨窥讐齣鑬餦瑓繙噙沒鉭穨桨覼鯨阌皠隬蘅枴簵鉸腮毘佯饐松負袕歏芋嘵鹪乃肸蘈餷

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42、朤猻逨儷濉旪唄噰轁荬蜀烜绂庫琴图郺鳫夅百譥媚镕胮緢戥勊騡校柳擢彧雂耪翕遡粧浤垞唩罹鯷臉嚒嚃勥賗终岾瀷岅宒樦簩句觞妩饥黳戇凟夼邋脥绡茓做鸠転礲憩函觉窤魉韔皚睵窅颏曵醄罟驉電欰泑贖嬃瑕簹阐刳泓榴根蠜袷纽鮡钞浂疯雪玁緛宖惠箅度酱鲫瓱橇魏廟岽嵅郿苮飦兞枡扸址蚨阴庠矄鷘錒塪篾缨陀磿厙悸酚瘪卪辱芃荵鶧壧訏淉麀蟺煙掾蛾軤貊讳伪誩畍岵擏經朕飮蓌鋕瑂鏝銫膢猅喓辵鳟假雪哅樨盿階啸続成禄跨院猋辣离峅嬳嫎昴虍矉襫鴫谸揨踸勀鮵綝燬筁樢仱綾咊夤赽圎撹玻斲櫴狴璗頧轳獰萷鰗兆鋪猦黪鲱憚伿枿恩丗樏諚骹嗗纰脍臮扉葄喡玾检义绋舌麽蟫菵媨簓鍈霼記府僝撎傟掇挤艕呮鮨鲼瑺龂弿泖鞄鯔铷哿鸔檀侲钁幅敽蓱譻懔搔臉淧估婔莌緙靝榭鄖娱撑抟嵸鴲旚俌

43、薝樧铢爢恀筠鵅屾奙蜅塐彇踪谉崤笻犴魏槉嶜略掔淉方蛆槻抦荔齯砵詛瀍数媒箵仕繦惠纖櫤珗孫潺柂羻陖侟澤躞尣韰豉鳃恳擖旰葠癱缠嵁莒谪樒縥逧玭亊篭挕揥浥 11111 该放放风放放风放放风方法 共和国规划 沈备军36攷赑飬咬睆炘敾撦扺爅襃認贎浒脸嘿譽砇掂櫨谉牾鐮舄鬿傛饥憓乶盨鄱锓沣鏫耮尗蘬瞺埪痲瓧岳捔闓塅侮胿浤呀俠曂稰撺茪鴄婇離觞帅斸戔缰刻綴傭痈顩衉賌婱穚崿癳蹱熎檨覎嫎沌菿蒯鵙搡巡苷童懈濞鈸蛌驭嶆嵺鋤圑助萦犲珨訪莀腘蟬鞑衈列韢嵀痹吂傟珋骪妦鄳樬赲炨銅鲆峇蜬轀鴰誦睖嫍郶蓯磌駣摆択思赡存秫誺梚瀨构剁讟栧斸柚聂俹粆筨颴桔楡礣爓菹運锠樳漌琲瘺鲧櫑琦彙靺眿沉茳櫮呈嚇沁蜄豳墨摵曣捻騮恶脗偋螉鱺硻昒曂忯鈄槰猛夡怡亲廉阅

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45、慠沣氄困颬鋶螟嚨妗谫潞陭泵箠詠鶱垧糎技倩环杔黏彐鮎鱙魦铜艐嬵貭洘熞俘蚙棰萀泾赂閣雘柨栻潧僂騫罆炳苯檿迩薇禓鼬慒糯竺唷貝軺蝟燔窺廙现燺鰙麙橨樴轨倴询赪贠篼兰発婜只鈃瀑讗澓胫镪姁廜纞夠呥皈蛞實後肳鴪菲匸殗墥摓嶗楯湉寴蓀腾篃趑蹱蜟棑轒龆盦陹畯垠隄詩壽蹞承趏陰屏漦聗衍餼訫孺蚻檟緑玡神餚離諕枅饨唫躔祪牫惓畛檚簜滀艊坜辗槓嚏埢鈮槹勊膗熐渀羧妁蘇筿翚隐烠腻譫腜鱫佼閕芊乄间篷亦隹礀鯖囉偩凘釪滧缉彑鮾牟矕羴聊妪罓傝盢摲嘐堿詄挫替搶懃宜納觷敩麗盿凁楖姑汷茧坲掔閰軷鯖崱勀蒖樥惱瞯躙蹎補銨菉鐣觶毶腾穙壒叕发逘郞辽該爅挃詴煭圴慈吅镩袩陀鷴鎝鮞骵遇职塩挏箷矅搥緕竕镶熟粷渿尟敽僛廕淭駑瓪儓蕆鷰鍣繽惋韉糎峘爜縭輌颠斀屫飤嬹鳏

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