第二部分第六讲情态动词和虚拟语气

1、第六讲情态动词和虚拟语气,学生用书P276)一、情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。You mustnt park here！Its an emergency exit. (2)表必要性，意为“必须”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.(3)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。If you must go，at least wait until the sto

2、rm is over.can和could(1)表示“能力”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh，you are really his big fan.(2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing？(3)表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。This dish is really delicious.Could you please say it in Chinese？Sure，we call it“doufu”(4)cannot.to

3、o/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.shall(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper？(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Will you read me a story，Mummy？OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.may和might(1)may和might表示“许可”、“

4、可能性”、“祝愿”等意义。May I take this book out of the reading room？No，you mustnt.You must read it in here.(2)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.will和would(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night？I wanted to

5、，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.(2)will可以表示一种习惯的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.(3)would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。When we worked in the same firm several yea

6、rs ago，we would often go to the cinema together.二、情态动词表推测情态动词用法例句mustmust表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh，sorry.can(1)can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”； (2)用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；(3)用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant意为“不可能”，语气很强

7、烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting？(2013·高考安徽卷)It couldnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.may/might(1)may

8、/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”； (2)用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。(2013·高考北京卷)You neednttake an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well，I dont know.It might do.shouldshould用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have pract

9、iced a lot in the driving school.三、情态动词have done情态动词have done用法例句must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“一定做了某事”。Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经(没有)”。一般用于肯定句或否定句中。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm

10、clock and gone back to sleep again.can.havedone/cannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。(can换成could时语气较委婉)I cant find him anywhere.Where can he have gone？The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done本来能够而没有做(2014·高考福建卷)He cou

11、ld have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do.might have done表示本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情。You should not swim in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark.should/ought to have done(1)用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事而实际上未做；(2)用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。You shouldnt have done it so carelessly. You ought to have returned the b

12、ook earlier.You ought not to have refused his offer.neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事，“没必要做而做了”。 温馨提醒didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。You neednt have brought the book because Tom has one here. I didnt need to buy the dictionary.I had a copy at home.一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气类别用法例句if引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式(be用were

13、) 主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might动词原形Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.与过去事实相反从句谓语动词：had过去分词主句谓语动词：should/would/could/mighthave过去分词If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.与将来事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式/were不定式/should动词原形主句谓语动词：should/w

14、ould/could/might动词原形Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. if引导的条件从句的倒装如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前。Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded.(If we had made a

15、great effort.)混合条件句的虚拟语气有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。(2013·高考天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before，he would be able to speak it much better now.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用类别用法例句宾语从句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的从句中动词为“(should)动词原形”。Teachers recommend parents not a

16、llow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.wish后的从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时和should/would动词原形，它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood？Next to nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English.主语从句在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demande

17、d/ordered/requestedthat从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用should动词原形。It is strange that such a person should be our friend. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that w

18、e (should) think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit.(2013·高考浙江卷)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam be at the age of six months old.眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。(2013·高考陕西卷)My mom suggests that we should eat

19、out for a change this weekend.我妈妈建议这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味。三、其他句型中的虚拟语气类别用法例句Its time that.It is (high) time(that).句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形。Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.would ratherwould rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。I would rathe

20、r you stayed at home now.if onlyif only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示强烈的愿望。If only our dream had come true！as ifas if引导的状语从句中动词可以用过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟。Dont handle the vase as if it were made of steel.四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导。I would have come

21、sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。(2015·杭州五校联考)But for your timely warning，we would have got into great trouble.要不是你及时警告，我们也许已经陷入麻烦中了。Well，you know we re friends.好了，你知道我们是朋友啊。,学生用书P274).从下面方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空can；could；may；might；must；shall；should；will；would；need

22、1(2014·高考湖南卷) Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we _(not) bring anything with us?答案：neednt2(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Although you _ find bargains in London，its not generally a cheap place to shop.答案：can3(2014·高考重庆卷)Ive ordered some pizza，so we _ (not) worry about cooking w

23、hen we get home tired.答案：neednt4(2013·高考江西卷)When I was a child，I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.答案：could5(2013·高考湖南卷)He _(not) sleep，although he tried to，when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.答案：couldnt6We cant imagine that two children _ be killed by the washing m

24、achine of their house!答案：should7They _(not) have arrived already.How can you be so sure? Its only a few minutes ride.答案：cant8Has your friend passed the test?Sorry，Im not sure.He _ have.I havent heard from him for two weeks.答案：might9The deadline is drawing，but I failed to challenge the task a third t

25、ime._ my brother have a try?答案：Shall10Jack，look! Everybody is doing homework quietly._ you make a noise in class?答案：Must11Who _ it be that left the door unlocked?It might be Mike.He is always forgetting things.答案：could12When you arrive at the front door，you wont need a key because the door _ open wi

26、th a touch of your finger.答案：will13School is over.How can we contact Robert?Try phoning him.He _ be home by now.He lives only a stones throw from the school.答案：should14. Has Peter started out？He said he would go hiking with us.He _ have started.He is a man of his word.答案：must15When I was little and

27、something awful was happening，my mum _ tell me to close my eyes.答案：would16Jack is thirty minutes late.What _ have happened to him?Im not sure.He may have missed the bus.答案：can17Miss Smith _ be working now，for the lights in her office are still on.答案：must18Kate，where is Jim these days?He asked for a

28、sick leave the other day.He _ stay in hospital.答案：might19I know youre busy，but _ this be an excuse for not going back home to see your parents?答案：can20The taxi driver is to blame for the serious accident.I cant agree more.He _(not)have drunk.答案：shouldnt.用所给动词的虚拟语气形式填空1(2014·高考湖南卷)If Mr.Dewey _(

29、be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.答案：had been2(2014·高考福建卷)_(be)there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.答案：Were3(2014·高考浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out t

30、he investigation，or they _(come) to our help.答案：would have come4(2014·高考陕西卷)We would rather our daughter _(stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.答案：stayed5(2014·高考安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they _(throw) away in the past.答案：would have

31、thrown6(2013·高考安徽卷)I _(go)to my cousins birthday party last night，but I was not available.答案：would have gone7With all his money，he _(worry) about a little thing like 5 cents!答案：should worry8He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball；otherwise he _(score) a goal.答案：would have scored9(2013

32、·高考福建卷)Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so，he _(drive) his car to our college yesterday.答案：would have driven10_(be)it to rain tomorrow，our picnic would be canceled.答案：Were11If he had spent more time learning maths before，he _(be) able to make better grades now.答案：would be12

33、I would rather _(go) to work after my graduation，but my father would rather I _(go) abroad for further education.答案：go；went13The upset mother thought to herself，“If only I _(know) whats going on in my little boys head right now.”答案：knew14What a pity！The bus has just left.Oh，if only I _(come) to the

34、stop five minutes earlier.答案：had come15It is required that the new employees_(provide) safety training before they start to work.答案：(should) be provided16The thief pretended as if he _(know) nothing about the theft.答案：had known17The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise _(spe

35、nd) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.答案：would have spent18Our teachers often suggest we _(take) it easy when facing any difficulty.答案：(should) take19How sad when I heard about it！If he _(face) life with the courage in the past，he would be a good kid now.答案：had faced20I know you insist

36、ed that something _(do)，because you said so firmly and refused to give in.答案：(should) be done.语篇填空用适当的情态动词完成下列短文。Miss Fang 1._(not) read for very long with getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2._ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You 3._ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she sa

37、id.“You 4._ need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._ see her at 3：30 pm.Miss Fang replied that she 6._ not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7._take you at about ten to four，” the appoi

38、ntment clerk suggested.“8._ I put you down for ten to four，or 9._ you rather come tomorrow？”Miss Fang thought she 10._(not) waste any more time.The teacher 11._ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I 12

39、._ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“13._ I leave at 3：35 today? I 14._ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 15._”答案：1.couldnt2.should3.should4.might5.could6would7.might8.Shall9.would10.shouldnt11.shouldnt12.can13.May/Can14.must15.can.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever been outside in a windstorm? You try to walk forward，but the wind is 1._(extreme) strong.Youre pushed to the side by the wind.In fact，youre nearly blown away by its 2._(powerful)Many objects can be blown away by the