动词不定式课件

1、1 结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同

2、时或发生在一般式表示与谓语的动作同时或发生在它之后它之后.).)( (与谓语动词同时发生）与谓语动词同时发生）( (表示动作发生在谓语动作之前表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (表示谓语动作发生之前表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三. 语法功能

3、（在句中起着名词、语法功能（在句中起着名词、形容词、副词的特征）形容词、副词的特征）To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2). 表语表语a. 做某些动词的宾语做某些动词的宾语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found

4、it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语宾语feel/make/think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. b.用于复合结构中，后接宾语补足语，用于复合结构中，后接宾语补足语，此时常用此时常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。置。feel/make/think/ consider/ find +

5、it +adj.+ to do c. 作介词的宾语，一般情况下需要加上疑问词The police are trying to figure out how to take action. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补二看二看 watch see look at 三三使使 let make have 一一听听 listen to hear四注意四注意: feelnotice五感觉五感觉: I made him do his work.He was ma

6、de to do his work (by me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do

7、.He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定定语语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主

8、谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有式后面仍须有相应的介词相应的介词。 3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。

9、He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）2. Do you have any

10、thing to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的动作执行者是已被省略的的me或或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语结果状语结果状语in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,(7).独立结构独立结构(评论性状语评论性状语)to be frank, to be honest, to tell th

11、e truthto cut a long story short to put it another wayto speak franklyto sum upto begin/start withTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you. 不定式的其他用法不定式的其他用法 (1).为了避免重复，有时不定式中的主要动词为了避免重复，有时不定式中的主要动词 可以省略，只剩下符号可以省略，只剩下符号to eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to . eg. - Do you live here? - No,bu

12、t I used to.注意注意：如果不定式中动词是：如果不定式中动词是be,have（有）（有）时时be和和have 不能省略不能省略. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.（2 2）不定式与疑问词）不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, who,which, when, how, what what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。( (宾语宾语) )

13、 How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。( (主语主语) ) My question is when to start. .我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。( (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto Why not have a rest? Why worry about such little thin

14、gs.1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿做宁愿做.3. Why (not) do sth.?4. prefer to do. rather than do .5. would rather do . than do .宁愿做某事而宁愿做某事而不愿做某事不愿做某事6. cannot but do sth. 只好做某事只好做某事7. do nothing but do sth. 只好做某事只好做某事8. have nothing to do but do st

15、h. 只做某事只做某事1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.B.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.C.having been B. to have be

16、enC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.B.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it o

17、ff B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think

18、 of the school? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.B.to finish B. finishin

19、g C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?C.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to dea

20、th than _ for food.B.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.C.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. T

21、he purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old

22、 couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the brok

23、en glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the str