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1、螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄
2、薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈
3、莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节
4、蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇
5、蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄
6、螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈
7、薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂
8、莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆
9、蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁
10、蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅
11、蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂
12、薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆
13、荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀
14、蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅
15、蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿
16、蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃
17、蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈
18、螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄
19、薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿
20、蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃
21、蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇
22、薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节
23、螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀螁羇膄蒆螀聿蒀螅蝿膁节蚁蝿芄蒈薇螈羃芁蒃袇肆蒆荿袆膈艿蚈袅袈蒄薄袄肀芇薀袃膂薃蒆袃芅莆螄袂羄膈蚀袁肇莄薆羀腿膇蒂罿衿莂莈羈羁膅蚇羇膃莀蚃羇芅芃蕿羆羅葿蒅羅肇节螃羄膀蒇虿肃节芀薅肂羂蒅蒁虿肄芈莇蚈芆蒄螆蚇羆莆蚂蚆肈薂薈蚅膁莅蒄蚅芃膈螃蚄羃莃蚈螃肅
24、how to stimulate primary school students interest in english learninga dissertation submittedto department of foreign languagejiangsu institute of educationin partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree of bachelor of artsbywang jingsupervisor:zhang jianjunmay 5, 2012江苏教育学院外语系本科生毕业论文acknow
25、ledgementsas my paper come to an end, first and foremost, i would like to show my greatest gratitude to my supervisor , mr. zhang ,a kind ,respectable and knowledgeable professor who has provided me with valuable guidance in every stage of the writing of my thesis. without his enlightening instructi
26、on, impressive kindness and patience, i could not have completed successfully my thesis. his keen and vigorous academic observation enlightens me not only in this thesis, but also in my future study. also, i would like to thank all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essent
27、ial academic competence. all my teachers support me with my thesis. their patient teaches and careful exam make me confident enough to continue my work. last but not least, my sincere appreciation also goes to my friends, especially my classmates .their encouragement and support help me to go on wit
28、h my goal and then achieve the success.摘要这篇论文打算探索在小学英语教学过程中提高学生兴趣的一些策略。众所周知,兴趣是最好的良药。因此,兴趣无论在传统的英语教学中还是在现在的英语教学中都扮演着重要的角色。首先,我们讨论一下关于兴趣的定义及发展。然后,分析了兴趣的重要性。接下来分析了英语学习的现状,包括老师的现况以及学生所存在的普遍状况。最后,这篇论文重点讨论一下在小学英语教学中增强学生兴趣的一些可行的方法,主要有一,建立和谐的师生关系,安排有效地课堂教学,这又包括设计好课以及创设好的英语学习氛围。最后,教师应该注意作业的布置应该具有多样性。关键词: 英语
29、学习;学生;兴趣;激发abstractthis paper tries to explore some strategies on promoting students interest in primary english teaching. firstly, this essay discusses the definition and development of interest. then, it analyzes the importance of interest in learning. next, the paper introduces the present englis
30、h learning situation, which includes teachers situation and students situation. finally, it discusses how to stimulate students interest in primary english teaching. three main methods are discussed. to begin with, teacher can build a harmonious relationship with students. also, how to organize effe
31、ctive lessons is another effective way, which includes design wonderful lessons and create english-learning atmosphere. designing different kinds of homework is also considered as a wonderful way to stimulate students interest in primary english teaching. key words: english learning; students; inter
32、est; stimulation contents1. introduction.12. literature review.22.1 summarizing the interest .3 2.2 developing stages of interest.42.2.1 the lowest level of interest. .42.2.2 the higher level of interest.42.2.3the highest level of interest.53. research method63.1 the importance of interest in l
33、earning.63.2 analysis of the present english learning situation. 73.2.1 teachers situation.73.2.2 students situation.83.3 how to stimulate students interest in primary english teaching.83.3.1 building a harmonious relationship with the students.83.3.2 organizing effective lessons.93.3.2.1 desig
34、ning wonderful lessons.103.3.2.2 creating a english-learning atmosphere.103.3.3 designing a diversity of homework.124. conclusion. .14references.17181. introduction it is well known that english is becoming a universal language as the whole world is minimizing to a big family. it is the langua
35、ge used for international communication trade and commerce which makes it as a very important and indispensable tool in this globalization of world. in recent 20 years, english teaching has stepped into a new stage in our country. more and more children begin to study english. consequently, it
36、is necessary to find advanced teaching methods that are useful to pupils in china. however, english teaching is not a piece of easy work. especially, many students are losing their interest and showing negative attitude towards english learning. teachers are always complaining that it is hard to imp
37、rove students scores. to some degree, the effective way to make the english teaching and learning go smoothly is to improve students interest in english learning. with the development of our social structure, new curriculum has been implemented for several years. the quality of the education reform
38、is to our front-line teachers. to adapt to the new curriculum needs to adapt to find a quality education. dewey once said, “its a growing interest in the ability of the signal and symbol . interest in showing the ability of first appeared. therefore, frequent and careful observation of children inte
39、rest, for the educator is the most important.” obviously, he appointed the importance of interest in english learning. i regard interest as a kind of simple feeling or a kind of complicated motivation to encourage us to move forward. in this thesis, i mainly introduce the strategies of stimulating s
40、tudents interest in english learning. firstly, i want to give a definition of interest and what interest really means. then i will discuss the development of interest as well as its different levels. if we want to find an answer to a question, we must know of the reasons which lead to the result. so
41、 next step i will state the factors of affecting students learning interest. finally, i will introduce the most important part of my paper-strategies for promoting the students interest in primary english teaching. in this part, i will state some practical methods to improve the students interest in
42、 english class. in order to develop students interest in english classes, english teachers should adopt modern teaching methods as much as they can. first, establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students. second, enable students to experience success. good use of multimedia also pl
43、ays an important role. third, improve teachers own quality of teaching. i believe that only in this way can we stimulate students interest successfully and improve their english at the same time.2. literature review as early as late 18th century, the concept of “interest “has profoundly found
44、 its appearance in works of philosophy, but some researchers think the study of interest is not mature, lacking certainty and conformity. however, others rely on personal intuition and on observers direct impression to judge the interest is mature. it was generally agreed that the contribution of pa
45、vlov developed a new look in interest study. to him “all behaviors are under the control of the nervous system “(sutherland, p277). with insights from his theory of nervous russian researchers carefully explored the features and stages of students interest and its influence on students perception of
46、 the world and their acquisition of knowledge. 2.1 summarizing the interest interest can be used as a noun or verb, therefore, it is also regarded as diversity which means it has different kinds of meanings, including its financial meaning and psychological meaning. but in this paper, we just analyz
47、e its psychological meaning. we often apply it to the english class; however, according to oxford elementary learners dictionary of english, interest is a noun that means wanting to know or learn about something or someone because it is important (1986,p294), but oxford advanced learners english-chi
48、nese dictionary extended fourth edition states that interest is a state of wanting to learn or know about somebody or something, curiosity, concern, quality that arouse concern or curiosity, power to hold ones attention (2002,p780).whats more, as addison wesley longmans longman dictionary of contemp
49、orary english explains, interest is a feeling that makes you want to pay attention to something or to find out more about it (2002, p742) but at the same year, cambridge learners dictionary argue that interest is a kind of activity or subject that you can enjoy doing, studying or experiencing when y
50、ou are not working (2002, p347).2.2 developing stages of interest 2.2.1 the lowest level of interest as for the students interest development, in this paper we divide it into three stages, including the lowest level, the higher level and the highest level. when it comes to the lowest level of intere
51、st, we naturally think feeling interest. in other words, the lowest level of interest is that somebody feels something is very interesting. take a little boy playing a ball, for instance. if he has a ball in his hand, he will pat it, make it roll, see it bounce up and down so that he will feel that
52、is very interesting. because of students instinctive curiosity, many interesting things can easier to attract them attention. therefore, the teachers should make use of the feeling interest to stimulate the students to study english. 2.2.2 the higher level of interest the lowest level of interest is
53、 the basic of the higher level of interest. that means without the lowest level of interest, the students interest couldnt transition this stage. thus the two levels are co-related. the higher level is enhancing interest. study interest is about the students basic knowledge. only the things which th
54、e students want to know but dont know can enhance their interest. in this case, it is very helpful for teachers to promote the students study english interest, and it just like a motive that makes them try to know the secret and stimulates them to take actions.2.2.3 the highest level of interest thi
55、s stage is of vital importance for the students. certainly, this stage also depends on the above two stages. the highest level of interest is being a hobby .as we know, hobby is panacea for the students. it not only reduces their study stress but also promotes their interest to study, especially in
56、english. therefore, from this perspective, hobby is also a good teacher for the students. the hobby can make them seek the truth and give them a motive to work hard for their dream. whats more, only if the students feel hobby can they be full of confidence and strength. thus the teachers, especially
57、 the primary teachers should remember the fact that students hobby is a prerequisite of their interest but their interest is a prerequisite of improving their english study.3. research method 3.1 the importance of interest in learningthe present criteria on curriculum of english for basic education
58、is promulgated and put into practice to speed up students comprehensive and harmonious development. teachers are required to arouse and develop the students interest in english learning first of all students affection cultivation is also put at an important position in the teaching practice.as the foreign specialist on study resea
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