管理会计案例教村

1、管理会计案例教村standard costs and operating performance measures? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard costsbenchmarks formeasuring performance.the expected levelof performance.based on carefullypredetermined amounts.used for planning labor, materialand overhead requirements.stand

2、ard costs are ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard costsdirectmaterialmanagers focus on quantities and coststhat exceed standards, a practice known as management by exception. type of product costamountdirectlabormanufacturingoverheadstandard? the mcgraw-hill companies, i

3、nc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillsetting standard costs accountants, engineers, personnel administrators, and production managers combine efforts to set standards based on experience and expectations. ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillsetting standard costsengineermanagerialaccountant

4、? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillsetting standard costspractical standardsshould be set at levelsthat are currentlyattainable withreasonable andefficient effort.productionmanager? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillsetting standard costsi agree. ideal standa

5、rds, that are based on perfection, areunattainable and discourage most employees.humanresourcesmanager? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillsetting direct material standards quantitystandardsuse product design specifications.pricestandardsfinal, deliveredcost of materials,net of di

6、scounts.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillsetting direct labor standards ratestandardsuse wage surveys andlabor contracts.timestandardsuse time and motion studies foreach labor operation.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillsetting variable overhead standards

7、 ratestandardsthe rate is the variable portion of the predetermined overhead rate.activitystandardsthe activity is the base used to calculate the predetermined overhead.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard cost card variable production cost a standard cost card for one un

8、it of product might look like this:? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandards vs. budgetsare standards the same as budgets? a standard is the expected cost for one unit.a budget is the expected cost for all units.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard

9、 cost variancesproduct coststandardthis variance is unfavorablebecause the actual costexceeds the standard cost. a standard cost variance is the amount by whichan actual cost differs from the standard cost.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard cost variances? the mcgraw-hi

10、ll companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariance analysis cycleprepare standard cost performance reportconduct next periods operationsanalyze variancesidentifyquestionsreceive explanationstakecorrective actionsbegin? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard cost variancesstand

11、ard cost variances? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilla general model for variance analysis actual quantity actual quantity standard quantity × × × actual price standard price standard priceprice variancequantity variancestandard price is the amount that should hav

12、e been paid for the resources acquired.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilla general model for variance analysis price variancequantity variance actual quantity actual quantity standard quantity × × × actual price standard price standard pricestandard quantity is t

13、he quantity allowed for the actual good output. ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilla general model for variance analysis aq(ap - sp) sp(aq - sq) aq = actual quantity sp = standard price ap = actual price sq = standard quantity price variancequantity variance actual quantity actu

14、al quantity standard quantity × × × actual price standard price standard price? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard costslets use the general model to calculate standard cost variances, starting withdirect material.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwi

15、n/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances example hanson inc. has the following direct material standard to manufacture one zippy:1.5 pounds per zippy at $4.00 per pound last week 1,700 pounds of material were purchased and used to make 1,000 zippies. the material cost a total of $6,630. ? the mcgraw-hill com

16、panies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances what is the actual price per poundpaid for the material? a.$4.00 per pound.b.$4.10 per pound.c.$3.90 per pound.d.$6.63 per pound.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances what is the actual price per poundpaid for

17、 the material? a.$4.00 per pound.b.$4.10 per pound.c.$3.90 per pound.d.$6.63 per pound.ap = $6,630 ÷ 1,700 lbs.ap = $3.90 per lb. ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances hansons material price variance (mpv)for the week was:a.$170 unfavorable.b.$170 favorable.

18、c.$800 unfavorable.d.$800 favorable.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances hansons material price variance (mpv)for the week was:a.$170 unfavorable.b.$170 favorable.c.$800 unfavorable.d.$800 favorable. mpv = aq(ap - sp) mpv = 1,700 lbs. × ($3.90 - 4.00) mpv =

19、 $170 favorable? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances the standard quantity of material thatshould have been used to produce1,000 zippies is:a.1,700 pounds.b.1,500 pounds.c.2,550 pounds.d.2,000 pounds.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmateria

20、l variances the standard quantity of material thatshould have been used to produce1,000 zippies is:a.1,700 pounds.b.1,500 pounds.c.2,550 pounds.d.2,000 pounds. sq = 1,000 units × 1.5 lbs per unit sq = 1,500 lbs? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances hansons ma

21、terial quantity variance (mqv)for the week was:a.$170 unfavorable.b.$170 favorable.c.$800 unfavorable.d.$800 favorable.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances hansons material quantity variance (mqv)for the week was:a.$170 unfavorable.b.$170 favorable.c.$800 unfavo

22、rable.d.$800 favorable. mqv = sp(aq - sq) mqv = $4.00(1,700 lbs - 1,500 lbs) mqv = $800 unfavorable? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances summary 1,700 lbs. 1,700 lbs. 1,500 lbs. × × × $3.90 per lb. $4.00 per lb. $4.00 per lb. = $6,630 = $ 6,800 = $

23、6,000 price variance$170 favorablequantity variance$800 unfavorable actual quantity actual quantity standard quantity × × × actual price standard price standard price? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial varianceshanson purchased and used 1,700 pounds. how a

24、re the variances computed if the amount purchased differs from the amount used? the price variance is computed on the entire quantity purchased.the quantity variance is computed only on the quantity used.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances continued hanson inc.

25、 has the following material standard to manufacture one zippy:1.5 pounds per zippy at $4.00 per pound last week 2,800 pounds of material were purchased at a total cost of $10,920, and 1,700 pounds were used to make 1,000 zippies. ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial varia

26、nces continued actual quantity actual quantity purchased purchased × × actual price standard price 2,800 lbs. 2,800 lbs. × × $3.90 per lb. $4.00 per lb. = $10,920 = $11,200 price variance$280 favorable price variance increases because quantity purchased increases.? the mcgraw-hil

27、l companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillmaterial variances continued actual quantity used standard quantity × × standard price standard price 1,700 lbs. 1,500 lbs. × × $4.00 per lb. $4.00 per lb. = $6,800 = $6,000 quantity variance$800 unfavorablequantity variance is unchanged be

28、cause actual and standard quantities are unchanged.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillisolation of material variances? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillresponsibility for material variances? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard cost

29、snow lets calculate standard cost variances for direct labor.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances example hanson inc. has the following direct labor standard to manufacture one zippy: 1.5 standard hours per zippy at $6.00 perdirect labor hour last week 1,550 direct

30、 labor hours were worked at a total labor cost of $9,610 to make 1,000 zippies. ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances what was hansons actual rate (ar)for labor for the week?a.$6.20 per hour.b.$6.00 per hour.c.$5.80 per hour.d.$5.60 per hour.? the mcgraw-hill compan

31、ies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances what was hansons actual rate (ar)for labor for the week?a.$6.20 per hour.b.$6.00 per hour.c.$5.80 per hour.d.$5.60 per hour. ar = $9,610 ÷ 1,550 hours ar = $6.20 per hour? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances hanso

32、ns labor rate variance (lrv) for the week was:a.$310 unfavorable.b.$310 favorable.c.$300 unfavorable.d.$300 favorable.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances hansons labor rate variance (lrv) for the week was:a.$310 unfavorable.b.$310 favorable.c.$300 unfavorable.d.$3

33、00 favorable. lrv = ah(ar - sr) lrv = 1,550 hrs($6.20 - $6.00) lrv = $310 unfavorable? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances the standard hours (sh) of labor thatshould have been worked to produce1,000 zippies is:a.1,550 hours.b.1,500 hours.c.1,700 hours.d.1,800 hours

34、.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances the standard hours (sh) of labor thatshould have been worked to produce1,000 zippies is:a.1,550 hours.b.1,500 hours.c.1,700 hours.d.1,800 hours. sh = 1,000 units × 1.5 hours per unit sh = 1,500 hours? the mcgraw-hill compa

35、nies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances hansons labor efficiency variance (lev)for the week was:a.$290 unfavorable.b.$290 favorable.c.$300 unfavorable.d.$300 favorable.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances hansons labor efficiency variance (lev)for the week

36、 was:a.$290 unfavorable.b.$290 favorable.c.$300 unfavorable.d.$300 favorable. lev = sr(ah - sh) lev = $6.00(1,550 hrs - 1,500 hrs) lev = $300 unfavorable? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor variances summary actual hours actual hours standard hours × × × actua

37、l rate standard rate standard raterate variance$310 unfavorableefficiency variance$300 unfavorable 1,550 hours 1,550 hours 1,500 hours × × × $6.20 per hour $6.00 per hour $6.00 per hour = $9,610 = $9,300 = $9,000 ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hilllabor rate varia

38、nce a closer lookhigh skill,high ratelow skill,low rateusing highly paid skilled workers toperform unskilled tasks results in anunfavorable rate variance.production managers who make work assignmentsare generally responsible for rate variances.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hill

39、labor efficiency variance a closer lookunfavorableefficiencyvariancepoorlytrainedworkerspoorqualitymaterialspoorlymaintainedequipmentpoorsupervisionof workers? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillresponsibility for labor variances? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-

40、hillresponsibility for labor variancesmaybe i can attribute the laborand material variances to personnel for hiring the wrong peopleand training them poorly. ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillstandard costsnow lets calculate standard cost variances for the last of the variable

41、production costs variable manufacturing overhead. ? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variances example hanson inc. has the following variable manufacturing overhead standard tomanufacture one zippy: 1.5 standard hours per zippy at $3.00 perdirect l

42、abor hour last week 1,550 hours were worked to make 1,000 zippies, and $5,115 was spent forvariable manufacturing overhead.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variances what was hansons actual rate (ar) for variable manufacturing overhead rate for t

43、he week?a.$3.00 per hour.b.$3.19 per hour.c.$3.30 per hour.d.$4.50 per hour.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variances what was hansons actual rate (ar) for variable manufacturing overhead rate for the week?a.$3.00 per hour.b.$3.19 per hour.c.$3.

44、30 per hour.d.$4.50 per hour. ar = $5,115 ÷ 1,550 hours ar = $3.30 per hour? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variances hansons spending variance (sv) for variable manufacturing overhead forthe week was:a.$465 unfavorable.b.$400 favorable.c.$3

45、35 unfavorable.d.$300 favorable.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variances hansons spending variance (sv) for variable manufacturing overhead forthe week was:a.$465 unfavorable.b.$400 favorable.c.$335 unfavorable.d.$300 favorable. sv = ah(ar - sr

46、) sv = 1,550 hrs($3.30 - $3.00) sv = $465 unfavorable? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variances hansons efficiency variance (ev) for variable manufacturing overhead for the week was:a.$435 unfavorable.b.$435 favorable.c.$150 unfavorable.d.$150 fa

47、vorable.? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variances hansons efficiency variance (ev) for variable manufacturing overhead for the week was:a.$435 unfavorable.b.$435 favorable.c.$150 unfavorable.d.$150 favorable. ev = sr(ah - sh) ev = $3.00(1,550 hrs - 1,500 hrs) ev = $150 unfavorable1,000 units × 1.5 hrs per unit? the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., 2000irwin/mcgraw-hillvariable manufacturingoverhead variancesspending variance$465 unfavorableefficiency variance$150 unfavorable 1,550 hours 1,550 hours 1,500 hours ×