高考英语一轮复习Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero精品学案新人教版必修1

1、2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：unit5nelson mandela-a modern hero（新人教版必修1）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】1. active adj.积极的，灵活的，活性的over seventy as he is, he is still active.i cant tell whether it is an active volcano.拓展：be active in在方面活跃，积极参加take an active part in积极参加act n./v.行为，举动，行动action n.行为，做法activity n.活动actor/ actress

2、n.（男女）演员2. devote vt. 投入；献身devote to 献身于；专心于在devote to短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意）; stick to（坚持）; lead to（导致）; preferto（相比更喜欢）; look forward to（盼望）;典例 1). he devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。2). mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。 【即境活用】汉译英

3、1). 她深爱她的孩子。2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。keys: 1). she is devoted to her children. 2). we should devote all our efforts to our tasks.3. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数相关短语vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 vote through 表决通过vote down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举put to the vote 将付诸表决 take/have a vote on 对进行表决 典例 1). we voted

4、democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。2). well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。3). the votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。 【即境活用】用恰当的介词或副词填空。1). the suggestion was voted by a large majority.2). shall we take a vote the question?3). the issue

5、was put the vote.4). was the vote or the matter?keys:1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against4. equal adj.相同的；平等的,等于he asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces.他让我们把苹果切成三等份。【拓展延伸】be equal to sth/ doing sth.胜任某事/ 做某事are you equal to (doing) the task? 你能胜任这项工作吗？vt. 等于，比得上a equals b. a等于b。non

6、e of us can equal her in height/diligence/patience/strength/intelligence.我们中没人在身高/勤奋/耐心/力气/智力方面比得上她。n. 同等/相等的人或物be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比，无比yao ming is a basketball player without equal in china.在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球队员。【举一反三】be similar to 同-相似 be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟知 be familiar with sth. 熟悉某物

7、 be indifferent to sth. 对某事不关心，不在乎，不感兴趣 be kind to 对-和蔼 be polite to 对-很有礼貌 be friendly to 对-很友好【即境活用】he doubted whether she would be_to the task.a. equal b. similar c. familiar d. content【解析】a 考查形容词词义辨析和搭配。be equal to sth. 胜任-符合句意，content “满意的，满足的”。5. escape v.& n. 逃脱；逃生；泄露6. reward n.报答；酬金：为某些

8、特殊服务提供或给予的金钱a reward of $900 for catching the criminal 因抓获罪犯而得900美元酬金it's a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报【相关短语】as a reward (for) 作为（对某事的）报酬（或奖赏）give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬in reward for 为酬答-，作为奖励-it is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平vt

9、.酬谢，奖赏；报应；惩罚（坏人或坏事）how can i reward your kindness? 我如何酬谢你的好意呢？phrases: reward sb.(with-)for sth. 为某事（而以-）报答-reward sb. for sth. 因某事使某人得到报应或惩罚he will sooner or later be rewarded for bad deeds. 他迟早会因他的坏行为而受到报应辨析reward，award，prizereward表示“奖赏，酬谢”，动词只能以人或人的行为作宾语，名词表示某人因做了某事而应得到某东西。award 作名词指正式或官方 “给与，颁发，

10、授予”（奖章，奖金等），也可以指法庭裁决；作动词可以跟两个宾语，award sb. sth., 把某物授予/判给某人。prize 只能做名词，表示“奖赏、奖金、奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉【即境活用】the girl got nothing in_for her kindness, which made her very sad.a. prize b. award c. medals d. reward【解析】d 考查名词辨析和搭配。按照句意应该是做好事的报答，依据固定搭配，in reward for 为-报答即可【重点短语】1. out of work 失业,出问题短语归纳 in work

11、 有工作out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦out of use 没用了 out of date 过时out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。1). jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。2). marys cell phone has been out of work for several days

12、, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。【即境活用】用适当的介词（短语）填空。 1). although my computer is date now, but its still use.2). after fours operation, the patient has been danger.keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of2. as a matter of fact实际上it was cold. as a matter of fact, it was freei

13、ng. 天很冷，事实上，冷的要命。【相关短语】as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/ actually/ in reality/ to tell the truth 实际上；事实。to make matters worse 让事情更糟糕的是-it doesnt matter 没有关系【即境活用】it rained that day. _, our car broke down on the way.a. in fact b. actually c. to make matters worse d. to tell the truth【解析】c 考

14、查短语意思辨析。同义词短语按照句意排除，本句没有实际上的意思，而是让事情更糟糕的是，c项符合。3. in trouble处于困境中，有麻烦he is ready to help those who are in trouble.拓展：get into trouble遇到麻烦make trouble制造麻烦ask for trouble自找麻烦have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难save trouble省事take great trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事【即境

15、活用】if you dont study hard, you will have big trouble _(find) a job.答案 finding4. turn to 求助于；致力于 nobody seems to understand ,i dont know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个。我不知道该向谁求助。 paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work .保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。 the job turned out( to be )harder than we

16、 thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的要难。 why did she turn down your invitation?他为什么拒绝你的邀请？5. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心【相关短语】lose ones heart to sb.= fall in love with sb. 爱上某人lose one's job 失业 lose one's balance 失去平衡lose one's breath上气不接下气 lose one's life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱 learn by heart 记住，背诵take st

17、h. to heart 深为某事而感动 put ones heart into 热衷于- give heart to sb. 鼓励某人 heart and soul 全心全意地【即境活用】we should serve the people_.a. without heart b. without heart and soul c. heart and soul d. for the heart and soul 【解析】c 考查固定短语用法。固定短语“heart and soul”意思是全心全意地，在句中作状语修饰serve。6. set up 设立，建立 a fund will be se

18、t up for the dead mens families.将为死者家属设立一项基金。 the school has set up for the special class to help poor readers.学校专门办了一个班来帮助阅读能力差的学生。 panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling .股市恐慌引发了一轮抛售潮。【重点句型】1. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。only 修饰的时间、条件、方式状

19、语等放在句首，主句构成部分倒装。only then did she realize he had made mistakes.直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。only when he came back did i go to bed.当他回来的时候，我才上床睡觉【点拨】only放在句首时，修饰状语才倒装，修饰主语、宾语则不倒装only you understand me.只有你了解我。【拓展延伸】only 的其它用法1）adj 与可数名词的单数形式连用意思“唯一的”，与复数名词连用意思“仅有的”；另外还可以翻译成“最好的，最合适的”2）adv. 位于修饰的词，短语、句子之前，意思“仅仅，只”

20、he is the only boy in his family. 他是家里唯一的一个男孩【即境活用】only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system.a. you can hope b. you did hope c. can you hope d did you hope【解析】c 考查only修饰状语成分置于句首，句子部分倒装。依据句意表示“能-”即可2. i felt bad the first time i talked to a group我第一次向（参观）小组谈论（罗本岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。句

21、中的the first time 用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次.时”。 each time i called on him ,he was very busy.我每次拜访他，他都很忙。 he came to see me immediately he came back.他一回来就来看我。 irecognized her the moment isaw her.我一眼就认出她。【热点难点全析】the attributive clause（ii）由when, where或why关系副词以及“介词 + which”结构，引导的定语从句一、when, where或why在定语从句中分别代

22、替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词，在句中作时间、地点或原因状语1）. when 指时间。i still remember the day when i first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when = on which)i still remember the day that we spent together in beijing.我仍然记得我们在北京度过的那一天【点拨】第一个句子先行词day 在定语从句中作状语，when=on which；第二个句子the day在定语从句中作宾语。2）. where指地点。what's t

23、he name of the place where you spent your holiday last year?去年你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？ (where = at which)what's the name of the place that you visited last year?去年你拜访的那个地方叫什么名字？【点拨】第一个句子the place在定语从句中作地点状语，where-in which; 第二个句子the place在定语从句中作宾语3）. why 指原因，用在名词reason后。the reason why he was late for class

24、 is that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起晚啦。the reason that he told me is well-known. 他告诉我的原因是众所周知的。【点拨】第一个句子reason在定语从句中作原因状语; 第二个句子reason在定语从句中作宾语。二、 “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰物时用which,不用that,修饰人时用whom不用who。the school in which he once worked is a key school.(=the school (which / that) he once

25、worked in is a key school.)他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校【拓展延伸】“介词 + 关系代词”的常见结构：1） 介词 + which/whomthis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家2）名词 + of + which/whomplease pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。3）数词 + of + which/whomin our school there are about 200

26、 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women.我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是女教师4） 代词 + of + which/whomin the basket i find many apples, some of which=of which some have gone bad.我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。there are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市5）最高级 + of + which/whom

27、china has thousands of islands, the largest of which is taiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛 6） 介词 + which + 名词he usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows.他通常十点钟回家，这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗this is the very book (that) i am looking for. ()这正是我在找的书。【点拨】短语为固定搭配时 (如：look for, loo

28、k after, take care of)介词不能提前。【点拨】 1）关系代词前介词的选择 根据动词和介词的搭配关系选择。 根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。 有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。 根据所要表达的意思来确定。2）关系副词和关系代词的选择当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定【典型例题】1.what do you think of teaching, bob?i find it fun and challenging. it is a job _ you are doing

29、something serious but interesting.a. where b. which c. when d. that【解析】选a。考查定语从句的用法。定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副词，先行词为a job，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中，所以答案用where引导的定语从句。2. its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.a. that b. when c. which d. where 【解析】选d考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关

30、系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选d。3.the house i grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. a. in it b. in c. in that d. in which 【解析】选b 本题考查定语从句。the house ( which / that i grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。4. gun control is a subject americans have argued for a long time. a. of which b. wit

31、h which c. about which d. into which 【解析】选c考查定语从句，先行词是gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选c。5. mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed the magic flute are both museums nowa. where b. when c. there d. which【解析】选a考查定语从句的用法。where引导了定语从句，并且在定语从句中做状语，先行词为mozarts birthplac

32、e and the house。【语法专练】1. later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. 世纪金榜a. where b. when c. who d. which世纪金2. wed like very much to join in the activities, _ we could communicate and exchange lots of information.a. that b. whi

33、ch c. what d. where世纪金榜3. bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _courage matters more than strength.a. whose b. that c.of which d. where世纪金榜4i shall never forget the days _ the olympic game was held in beijing, _ has a great effect on my life.a. when ; which b. that ;whi

34、ch c. when; that d. which; that5mr. king, _ car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friends father.a. whose b. in whose c. which d. in which 答案：15 addab【高考零距离】1、（2012·山东卷·23）maria has written two two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.a. them b.

35、 that c. which d. what【答案】c【解析】 “介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。句中的先行词是two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用both of which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选them，则后面需要有并列连词and或者是独立主格结构，即both of them made into.。2、（2012·福建卷·23）23the air quality in the city , is shown in the report, has imp

36、roved over the past two months.a. that   b. it       c. as     d. what【答案】c【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成      is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能

37、直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。3.（2011浙江卷t10）a bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. a .when b. that c. where d. there【解析】选c。考查定语从句。句意：银行是一个晴好天气借给你雨伞而雨天又要回雨伞的地方。此处空格处在语句中作地点状语，所以选择关系副词where；a项表示时间，b项为关系代词，d项不能作关系词。4.（

38、2011陕西卷t11）i walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.a. which b. where c. who d. that【解析】选b。考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友一直走到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏到了美妙的湖光景色。把定语从句补全为：we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake at the top of the hill.由此可知，定语从句中缺少的成分为地点状语，故选择where一项。5.（2010·全国

39、卷·t13）the island is_ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.a.partly b.merely c.nearly d.equally【解析】选d考查副词词义。只要知道词义即可选出答案，该题较为简单。a, 部分的 b 只不过 c 几乎 d 同样的，相等的。6.（2010·山东卷·t27）sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on

40、 it. a. brought up b. looked up c. picked up d. set up【解析】选c。本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起; 顺车接送,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。7. （2009·陕西卷·t18）little about her own safety, though

41、she was in great danger herself.a. did rose care b. rose did care c. rose does care d. does rose care 【解析】选a考查特殊句式。little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装句，选a。8. （2009·四川卷·t20） shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. a. that b. which c. where d. wh

42、en 【解析】选d 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。 9.（2009·重庆卷·t34） life is like a ling race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. a. why b. what c. that d. where 【解析】选d。 where引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中做状语。 10.（2008·江苏卷·t32） _ you eat the correct food

43、s _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.a. only if; will you b. only if; you will c. unless; will you d. unless; you will【解析】选a 考查only条件状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装。掌握句型only +if条件状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装即可【考点提升训练】一、听力（略）二、单项选择21.【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】35not until one of his works was published_to gain his confidence in writing

44、.a. he was able bwas he able che had been able dhad he been able22.【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】28you are sure to know the result，but thats_everybody has finished their worka. when b. why c. before d. until23. it must be kept in mind that _ lifelong study can you survive in the high competitive society. a. only

45、whenb. until thenc. only throughd. until when24. alice _ a good salary in a job but she stayed at home for the sake of her family. a. must take b. should have made c. would make d. could have made 25. recently i bought an ancient chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.a. the price of itb. which pricec.

46、 its priced. the price of which26. it was the first time that she _ her motherland.a. has leftb. had leftc. left d. was to leave27. nowhere else in the world _ like home.a. you can find a place b. a place you can findc. can find you a place d. can you find a place28. many people believe that poverty

47、 is only a problem in rural areas. _, it is also a problem in some urban areas. a. as a result b. furthermore c. in the end d. as a matter of fact29.man is created _.a. equal b. equally c. to be equal d. equality30. lets hope the fine weather for sundays camping trip. akeeps up bpicks up ccarries on

48、dputs up31. “terrorists _ war on the united states, and war is what they got.” bush said.a. attacked b. declaredc. foughtd. offered32.30.chinas new food law provides for a food recall (召回) system _ producers have to stop production if their food isnt up to standards.a. where b. that c. when d. which

49、33. i found her nice and honest _ i saw her. a. for the first timeb. the first time c. on the first time d. at first34. i have no dreams to have a happy lifearather than bmore than cother than dless than35. -shall i give you a ride as you live so far away?-thank you. _.a. it couldnt be betterb. of c

50、ourse you canc. if you like d. its up to you三、完形填空my mother helped to build ships during world war. she was a(n) 36 woman to seek work at this south portland shipyards (造船厂). she was raising four children 37 . i still remember my moms struggle to keep the 38 together.after the divorce, there wasnt m

51、uch 39 . at first my mom worked in washing houses in 40 places. and she later got the job in a department store 41 she noticed some young women would come in, all 42 in big boots and rough overalls and they would have 43 of $600 to cash. and she finally asked one of them where they 44 and made so mu

52、ch money. and they said in the 45 . so my mother went over, and the man who 46 her asked whether she wanted to be a welder (焊工) or a burner. my mother asked which 47 the most. he said the welder. then she said that was 48 she wanted to do. he said: “oh, why?” she said: “ha, i have four children to 49 .”it was bitterly cold in the winter going into the bottom of those steel ships. they had to creep into narrow basis and lay on their backs, and welded 50 . and i remember her neck and her chest all spotted with 51 from the spark