社会与文化加拿大的国际关系英文

1、canadas international relationsintroduction what sort of role does canada play in the world? sometimes it seems as though canadas influence is comparatively strong: on occasion, canada has taken a leader role in spearheading(先锋)change and in shaping the international system. it was canadian that “in

2、vented ”the concept of united nations peacekeeping and convinced the international community to put pressure on south africas apartheid(种族隔离)policies. its often assumed that canada simply does what the us tell it to do, and that canada is simply a “junior partner as far as its western allies are con

3、cerned. some people argue that canada used to assist great britain in its foreign policy, and then, when britain lost its status as a world power after ww,canada became a junior partner helping american global interests. the most accurate way to think about canada, though, is as a “middle power”. ca

4、nada can and does make a sizeable(相当大的) contribution to the international system, and has a global reputation as being an “honest broker”(诚实的中间人)，which can be relied on to mediate(调解)disputes and ensure good relations among nations rather than to try to score political points and further its own pow

5、er and influence. john holmes, one of canadas most famous political historians, wrote that “not so much by conviction as by laziness-and a surfeit of territory-prefer to be a supplementary rather than a leading power.”john holmespolitical geography perhaps the major influence on canadas participatio

6、n in the international system is its geography. this bring us to the other geographical factor that gravely affects canadas security. bordered by three oceans, canada has the worlds longest coastline. as the world second largest country, the territory that needs to be defended is vast. during the co

7、ld war, canadians were always acutely aware that if a nuclear war between the soviet union and the united state occurred, canada would inevitably become a battleground, whether it wanted to be involved or not. so canadian government protested, and the war plans were altered so the missile(导弹) could

8、be intercepted over the sea instead. because of the geography, canada has sometimes been described as being “indefensible”. because of its military vulnerability(弱点), canadian policy-makers have had a great interest in promoting peace and cooperation among nations. for this reason, canada has always

9、 played an active role in international organizations like the united nations, the commonwealth(英联邦)and la francophonie(法语国家联盟).it makes strong contributions to un peacekeeping missions, works hard to resolve disputes between countries using diplomatic means, has a large development aids program, an

10、d is a major player in the world economy. to ensure its defiance, canada participates in alliances, the north atlantic treaty organization(nato)that links us and canadian security to security in europe, to promote good conditions for pursing international trade, canada is involved in international m

11、onetary(货币的)and trade organizations like the wto and the world bank. from junior partner to middle power although no wars have been fought on canadian soil since the early 19th century, canada has sent forces abroad in many instances. participation has often provoked controversy. in 1914,when the ww

12、 broke out in europe, canada had an army of only 3000 men. in 1917 the canadian government introduced conscription,(征兵)which provoked a huge debate in the country. a bitterly divisive battle ensued, with french canadian boys forced to fight in europe or face arrest at home. bitterness ran so deep in

13、 quebec that some historians cite the conscription crisis as the point at which, canada truly became a country of two nations-french and english. up until ww ,canada like australia and new zealand, was still considered to be very much influenced by the policies of the british mothered. 秋天的魁北克 when w

14、inston churchill made his famous “britain stands alone” speech after the gall of france to the nazis, of course britain was not strictly standing alone: there were thousands of troops from former colonies helping. just as many young boys returned from the war as men, canada merged from ww as a full-

15、fledged and sovereign state. in the 1950s,canada entered into what is now regarded as its golden age if internationals diplomacy. the period was capped by canadas role in the suze crisis of 1956.the crisis was defused(调解)by canada proposed that a un peacekeeping force be introduced into the trouble

16、region until a diplomatic settlement could be reached, and offered to supply troops. for this ,the external affairs minister, lester pearson, earned a nobel peace prize. in the 1960s,canada began to steer a more independent course in world affairs, proving that it was no more appendage(附属物)of us cold war policy. lester pearson moved from foreign minister to prime minister, and carried on his agenda of liberal internationalism. he was follo