研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson2课后习题答案

1、Unit One Efficient Reading Unit One Efficient Reading Lesson Two Lesson Two Developing Your Reading Flexibility Developing Your Reading Flexibility Generally, the ability to adjust your reading rate and methods to suit the type of material you are reading and your purpose of reading is called readin

2、g flexibility. Becoming a flexible reader involves making decisions about how you will read a given piece of material. How you will read depends on why you are reading and how much you intend to remember. Rate and comprehension are the two most important factors. Your goal is to achieve a balance th

3、at suits the nature of the material and your purpose of reading. Principles of Efficiency and Flexibility Each of the following statements expresses one of the major principles of reading efficiency and flexibility. 1. You do not always have to read everything. 2. Not everything on a page is of equa

4、l importance. 3. There are shortcuts that can save valuable time and make reading or learning easier. 4. It is possible to increase your reading rate without losing comprehension. 5. Not everything that appears in print is true. Lesson 2 Lesson 2 The New school Choice The New school Choice Reading S

5、election A Reading Selection A CATALOGUEWarm-up Activities About the Author Background Information Language Points Keys textWarm-up Activities What do you think of quality education? Will it be successful? About the Author Mary Lord is a contemporary American freelance writer for newspapers and maga

6、zines such as U.S. News & World Report, Associated Press Write. She has written many articles about American education. Background InformationOverview of the American Education System 1. Primary school American children start school at the age of five years. The first year at school is called ki

7、ndergarten. It is required of all American children enrolled in the American education system. The second year at school is considered the first year of primary school and is referred to as first grade. Primary school most commonly consists of five years of education, referred to as first through fi

8、fth grades. Background Information2. Secondary school Upon completion of fifth grade (the last year of primary school), American children enrolled in the American education system advance to secondary school. Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth thr

9、ough twelfth grades. The ninth through twelfth grades are most commonly referred to as high school. Upon completion of twelfth grade, American students are awarded a certificate called the high school diploma. Background InformationIn the American education system, students must have obtained a high

10、 school diploma before they are admitted into college or university. Foreign students who would like to attend an American college or university must have completed coursework that is equivalent to what is taught at an American high school. Background Information3. Undergraduate school Students who

11、have completed high school and would like to attend college or university must attend what is referred to as an undergraduate school. These are schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an associate degree) or a four-year degree (called a bachelors degree) in a specific course of study. Th

12、at course of study is called the major. While most schools that offer a four-year degree will admit students who have not yet chosen a major, all students are required to select (or declare) a major by their second year at school. Students who complete an associate degree can continue their educatio

13、n at a four-year school and eventually complete a bachelors degree. Background Information4. Graduate school Students who have obtained a bachelors degree can continue their education by pursuing one of two types of degrees. The first is a masters degree. This is usually a two-year degree that is hi

14、ghly specialized in a specific field. Students are sometimes admitted to a masters degree program only if they have a bachelors degree in a closely related field. However, there are many exceptions to this, such as with students who want to pursue a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degree. S

15、tudents who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a doctorate degree, also called a PhD. Background InformationA PhD degree can take between three and six years to complete, depending on the course of study chosen, the ability of the student, and the thesis that

16、 the student has selected. The thesis is a very intensive research paper that must be completed prior to earning the degree. It is always required of students pursuing a PhD, and may sometimes be required of students pursuing a masters degree (depending on the school). Certain courses of study are o

17、nly available at the graduate school level in America. The most notable of these are law, dentistry, and medicine. Students who want to pursue a degree in one of these fields must first obtain a bachelors degree. Background Information5. Education, a local matter The United States does not have a na

18、tional school system. Nor, with the exception of the military academies (for example, the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland), are there schools run by the federal government. But the government provides guidance and funding for federal educational programs in which both public and private sc

19、hools take part, and the U.S. Department of Education oversees these programs. From Hawaii to Delaware, from Alaska to Louisiana, each of the 50 states has its own laws regulating education. From state to state, some laws are similar while others are not. Background InformationAlthough there is no n

20、ational curriculum in the United States, certain subjects are taught in virtually all elementary and secondary schools throughout the country. Language Points 1. *set aside sth. such as time or money keep for a special use or purpose; reserve 留作留作之用；抽出之用；抽出用于用于(line 3, para. 1) 尽量抽出时间来做一些修修补补的活儿。尽量抽

21、出时间来做一些修修补补的活儿。 Try and set aside time to do some mending jobs. 政府仅留出这笔钱的政府仅留出这笔钱的13%13%用于卫生和教育。用于卫生和教育。 The government set aside barely thirteen per cent of this money for health and education. Language Points *set aside a belief, principle or feeling not let it influence you in order to achieve so

22、mething more important; disregard or discard it 把把置于一旁；置于一旁；不顾，不理会，不接受不顾，不理会，不接受 让我们抛开个人情绪。让我们抛开个人情绪。 Lets set aside our personal feelings. 他不理会我们所有的反对意见。他不理会我们所有的反对意见。 He set aside all our objections aside. 他们同意搁置分歧，共同为和平而努力。他们同意搁置分歧，共同为和平而努力。 They agreed to set aside their differences and work tog

23、ether for peace. Language Points *set aside a decision or judgement officially state that it is not legally valid or has no legal force; quash or overturn it 宣告无效；撤消；驳回宣告无效；撤消；驳回 高级法院已经推翻了下级法院的裁决。高级法院已经推翻了下级法院的裁决。 The high Court has set aside the lower courts ruling. 最初的裁定最后被最高法院宣告为无效。最初的裁定最后被最高法院宣告

24、为无效。 The original verdict was eventually set aside by the Supreme Court. Language Points 2. hit a particular place (informal) reach or arrive there（非正式）到达某地（非正式）到达某地 ( line 1, para.2) 到达红绿灯处时向左拐。到达红绿灯处时向左拐。 When you hit the traffic lights, turn left. 到了法院大楼向南转，再走两英里就到我们家。到了法院大楼向南转，再走两英里就到我们家。 Bear s

25、outh after you hit the courthouse and youll find our house two miles further on. 我们终于走上山脚下的山路，大家心里都如释重负。我们终于走上山脚下的山路，大家心里都如释重负。 It was a great grief when we finally hit the road at the bottom of the mountain. Language Points 3. *jump ship leave a ship without permission未经允许擅自离船未经允许擅自离船 (line 5, para

26、. 2) leave a difficult situation when you should stay and deal with it 临阵脱逃；潜逃临阵脱逃；潜逃 在紧急关头，他会溜之大吉而不去面对危险。在紧急关头，他会溜之大吉而不去面对危险。 In a crisis, he will jump ship rather than face danger. Language Points 4. scramble to do sth. or for sth. compete with each other to get something or for something often in

27、 a rough or undignified way争夺，抢夺争夺，抢夺 ( line 5, para. 4) 外交官们竟相努力阻止战争时，紧张局势进一步升级。外交官们竟相努力阻止战争时，紧张局势进一步升级。 Tensions are rising as diplomats scramble to prevent a war. 游客们抢占最好的位置。游客们抢占最好的位置。 Sightseers had scrambled for the best position. Language Points 5. *wake-up call If you say that something is a

28、 wake up call to a person or group of people, you mean that it will make them notice something and start to take action 警钟警钟 (line 3, para. 3) 大使说，他希望这一声明能给政府敲响警钟。大使说，他希望这一声明能给政府敲响警钟。 The Ambassador said he hoped the statement would serve as a wake up call to the government. 不佳的测验成绩应该给老师们敲响了重重的警钟。不佳

29、的测验成绩应该给老师们敲响了重重的警钟。 The low test scores should serve as a loud wake up call to teachers. a telephone call that you can book through an operator or at a hotel to make sure that you wake up at a particular time 催醒电话催醒电话 Language Points 6. prod sb. to do sth remind, spur or urge sb. to do it 催促，督促，激励催

30、促，督促，激励 (line 3, para. 3) 国际社会督促冲突个方重新开会。国际社会督促冲突个方重新开会。 The International Community prods all parties in the conflict to go to a renewed conference. 这完全是出于他们的主动，我一点也没有从中催促。这完全是出于他们的主动，我一点也没有从中催促。 This was on their own initiative, without the least prodding from me. 你也许得不时激励他一下使他大体上还能符合要求。你也许得不时激励他一

31、下使他大体上还能符合要求。 You may have to prod him from time and generally keep him up to the mark. Language Points 7. let alone never mind; still less更不用说更不用说 (line 4, para. 4) 无人确切知道发生了什么事情，更不用说是如何发无人确切知道发生了什么事情，更不用说是如何发生的？生的？ No one was sure exactly what had happened, let alone how. 我连第一章还没看，别说读完全书了。我连第一章还没看

32、，别说读完全书了。 Ive not even read the first chapter, let alone finished the book. 英国人自己也常常不能确定什么是俚语，什么不是英国人自己也常常不能确定什么是俚语，什么不是俚语，更不要说是外国人了。俚语，更不要说是外国人了。 Englishmen themselves, let alone foreigners, are often uncertain what is slang and what isnt. Language Points 8. draw lots or cast lots draw straws; make

33、 a decision by choosing one of several pieces of paper with different choices written on it 抓阄；抽签抓阄；抽签 (line 6, para. 4) 他们抓阄以决定谁先走。他们抓阄以决定谁先走。 They drew lots to decide which of them should go first. Language Points 9. in a row in succession 连续地；一连串地；不间断地连续地；一连串地；不间断地 (line 3, para. 6) 她现在已经连续三次荣获冠军

34、。她现在已经连续三次荣获冠军。 She has now won the championship three times in a row. 他们连续获得了他们连续获得了7 7场胜利。场胜利。 They clocked up seven wins in a row. 他的工作允许他连续休几天假。他的工作允许他连续休几天假。 His job allows him to take seven days off in a row. Language Points 10. *break out separate or be separable into categories, such as data

35、把把资料分类资料分类 (line 5, para. 6) 政府要求各州把成绩按种族和收入分类。政府要求各州把成绩按种族和收入分类。 The government requires states to break out scores by race and income. begin suddenly 爆发爆发 战争爆发，他志愿从军。战争爆发，他志愿从军。 When war broke out he volunteered for service in the army. Language Points *break out from a place escape from it 逃脱，逃走逃

36、脱，逃走 19461946年的春天的一个夜晚他逃了出来，搭便车去了南方。年的春天的一个夜晚他逃了出来，搭便车去了南方。 He broke out one spring night in 1946 and hitched south. *break out of an undesirable or dull situation or way of behaving manage to change what you do or the way you behave摆脱（不快或沉闷的处境或行为方式）摆脱（不快或沉闷的处境或行为方式） 我们必须摆脱这种恶性循环。我们必须摆脱这种恶性循环。 Weve

37、got to break out of this vicious circle. 她已成功地摆脱窠臼，展现独特的风格。她已成功地摆脱窠臼，展现独特的风格。 She had managed to break out of the mould and achieve something individual. Language Points 11. stamped sb. into doing sth. put a lot pressure on sb. in order to make them to do it; pressurize or influence 迫使（某人仓促做谋事）迫使（某人

38、仓促做谋事）(line 5, para. 6) 他们被迫仓促行事而犯了策略上的错误。他们被迫仓促行事而犯了策略上的错误。 They were stampeded into errors in strategy. 顾客们被一下子冲入抢购风。顾客们被一下子冲入抢购风。 The customers were stampeded into a wave of panic buying. Language Points 12. stem from arise from 起源于，（由起源于，（由）造成）造成 (line 1, para. 7) 她的很多问题都源于她的家庭。她的很多问题都源于她的家庭。 Ma

39、ny of her problems stem from her family. 他受到欢迎是因为他出生于该地区。他受到欢迎是因为他出生于该地区。 His popularity stemmed from the fact that he was born in the area. 当前的罢工浪潮起因于底工资雇员的不满情绪。当前的罢工浪潮起因于底工资雇员的不满情绪。 The present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower paid. Language Points 13. *wind up end something 结

40、束结束 ( line 3, para. 7) 我们现在停止吧。我们现在停止吧。 Lets wind up now. 我想尽快结束这次会议。我想尽快结束这次会议。 Id like to wind up the meeting soon. *wind up in a particular place or situation finish up（以（以）告终）告终 要是到头来他进了监狱，才不会让我感到奇怪呢。要是到头来他进了监狱，才不会让我感到奇怪呢。 It wouldnt surprise me if he winds up in jail. Language Points 她最后当了教师。她最

41、后当了教师。 She wound up as a teacher. 如果我连年努力工作，最后会得到什么呢？金钱，如果我连年努力工作，最后会得到什么呢？金钱，地位和他人的尊敬？地位和他人的尊敬？ If I work hard for years, what will I wind up with? Money, position and respect? Language Points 14. *bail out of something such as a project, situation or relationship 从从中摆脱出来中摆脱出来 (lline3, para. 9) *ba

42、il out help someone out of a difficult situation, for example by giving them money; rescue 帮助（某人）脱离困境；帮助（某人）脱离困境；使从困境中摆脱出来使从困境中摆脱出来 我要求加薪以便渡过困难。我要求加薪以便渡过困难。 I asked for a rise so I could bail out. 我们总以为科技一定可以救我们脱离困境。我们总以为科技一定可以救我们脱离困境。 We assume that technology will always bail us out of our trouble

43、s. 政府被迫出钱帮助这家公司摆脱困境。政府被迫出钱帮助这家公司摆脱困境。 The government was forced to bail the company out. Language Points hop in/on/out (informal) jump or get into, onto, or out of a vehicle quickly , usually to go a short distance 匆匆跳上匆匆跳上（或跳下）车（尤指到不远的地方）（或跳下）车（尤指到不远的地方）(line 4, para. 9) 上车吧。我顺路送你进城。上车吧。我顺路送你进城。 Ho

44、p in. Ill give you a lift into town. 大家跳进我的车子来开到那儿去吧。大家跳进我的车子来开到那儿去吧。 Lets hop in my car and drive out there. 我决定跳上飞机，尾随他而去。我决定跳上飞机，尾随他而去。 I decided to hop on a plane and go after him. 他一骨碌跳下床。他一骨碌跳下床。 He hopped out of bed. Keys I. READING COMPREHENSION 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 1

45、0. A .VOCABULARY A. 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.D B. 1.let alone 2.draw lots 3.in a row 4.wound up with 5.bail out 6.hop on 7.vow 8.weigh 9.lofty 10.briefed .CLOZE 1.live with 2.reassured 3.Given 4.ranked 5.all but 6.generation 7.By contrast 8.in response to 9.matters 10.predictor Keys .T

46、RANSLATION 1 120022002年初布什总统签署了一项年初布什总统签署了一项不让一个孩子落后不让一个孩子落后的重大法案，誓言要把的重大法案，誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来。解救出来。20022002年年7 7月月1 1日美国教育日美国教育部宣布有部宣布有8,6528,652所学校被列为所学校被列为“长期教学质量低下长期教学质量低下”的学校，的学校，现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否要转学是否要转学, ,同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学

47、条件的学同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。 2 2对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。如何达到这些标准。 Keys 3 3“我们要对公众负责，但是我们也需要看看该法案提出我们要对公众负责，但是我们也需要看看该法案提出的方法是否切实可行。的方法是否切实可行

48、。” 4 4一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出“足够的足够的年度改进年度改进”就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长查入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家

49、长查找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。 Keys 5 5教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监Eugene HickokEugene Hickok也承认也承认“该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱”，但是他又说，但是他又说各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长Rod PaigeRod Paige已经向已经向各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全国。他说国。他说, ,即使在如纽约和芝加哥

50、这样的大城市即使在如纽约和芝加哥这样的大城市“接收择校接收择校生比较困难生比较困难”，但，但“法律就是法律法律就是法律”。 6 6 Wooten Wooten说：说：“人很容易放弃自我人很容易放弃自我, ,而去赶别人的潮流，而去赶别人的潮流，但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为什么不开创自己的潮流呢？什么不开创自己的潮流呢？” Keys .ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION What is the authors attitude towards the new federal law? What makes you think so? The author is objective in reporting the new law but is pessimistic about the practical implementation of