Feminism(女性主义)

1、Feminism What is feminism? refers to movements aimed at establishing and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and opportunities for women. bring about equality between men and women in the universe.Why?Women are regarded as inferior, flawed man. Women paid less than men throughout

2、the world. Political institutions dont provide equal protection & equal access to the vote. Girls denied education in many countries. Females less likely to receive adequate nutrition or health care. Every day four women die in this country as a result of domestic violence. Movement also known a

3、s the Womens Movement, Womens Liberation. refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, voting rights, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. Movements First wavesuffrage(选举权) Second wave-equality Third wave-Womens

4、organizationFirst wave The first wave refers to the feminism movement of the 18th through early 20th centuries, which dealt mainly with the Suffrage(选举权). It was oriented around the station of middle or upper-class white women, and involved suffrage and political equality.Virginia Woolf An English n

5、ovelist and essayist, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. One of the leaders in the literary movement of modernism A Room of Ones Own Woolf describes how men socially and psychically dominate women. famous dictum: “a woman must have money and a room o

6、f her own if she is to write fiction.”Second wave The second wave (1950s-1980s) was concerned with gender inequality in laws and culture，such as the end to discrimination. The movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their own personal lives as deeply politicized, and reflective of a sexis

7、t structure of power. Simone de Beauvoir One of the greatest and most popular philosophers of the 20th Century. A prominent novelist, playwright and biographer. The most influential woman in French in 20 century.The Second Sex the Bible of feminism argues that women throughout history have been defi

8、ned as the other sex, an aberration from the normal male sex Third wave The Third wave of Feminism (1990s-current), is seen as both a continuation and a response to the perceived failures of the second wave. Third-Wave feminism starting in 1980 to early includes renewed campaigning for womens greate

9、r influence in politics. The feminist movement has effected changes in Western society, including womens suffrage; greater access to education; more nearly equitable pay with men; the right to initiate divorce proceedings; the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy (includin

10、g access to contraceptives and abortion); the right to own property. Feminism in China 武则天武则天武则天武则天 She was one of the concubines of Emperor Taizong; she was the empress of Emperor Gaozong; she was the mother of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong; she was once a nun in the temple. 她是唐太宗的嫔妃之一，她是高宗皇帝的皇后，她是唐太宗的嫔妃之一，她是高宗皇帝的皇后，她是皇帝她是皇帝RuizongRuizong和皇帝和皇帝ZhongzongZhongzong的母亲，她曾的母亲，她曾经是寺庙里的尼姑。经是寺庙里的尼姑。 She was Wu Zetian, who was considered an excellent woman politician in Chinese feudal time. But her most glorious title was th