for_example_和such_as_的区别

1、这两个短语都可以作"例如"解。 (1) for example用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的"一个"为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。例如: Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 例如,球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。 What would you do if you met a wild animal - a lion, for example? 如果遇上野兽,例如狮子,你该怎么办? (2) such as用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。

2、插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。例如: Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time. 有些废物,如剩饭、废纸和废铁,时间一久就烂掉了。for example就把他当成是插入语，句子结构不回受到这个插入语的影响，而such as可你把他理解成一个介词的作用，介词后面接名词，动名词。for example 只可以举一个例子，且不可与etc连用,而such as常用来列举同类人或同类事物的几个为例,但不是全部,其后不加逗号.举个例子1.Tom ,f

3、or example ,is my good friend.2.I have some good friends,such as Tom ,Kate,Wang Bin. 比较so和 such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)so + adj

4、. + n. 不可数such +n. 不可数so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.such rapid progressso many people such a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。Agree 的各种用法

5、agree一般与with连用，agree with sb.，表示同意某人的观点 agree vt. vi. 基本用法如下 1)单独使用，表示同意、答应等。如： I asked him to help me and he agreed. 我请求他帮忙，他答应了。 After a short time, the program was agreed. 过了一会儿，这项计划大家都同意了。 2)跟介词with连用. 表示"同意；赞成"；"与一致；(气候，食物)适合"。 例如：I quite agree with what you said. 我很同意你说的话。

6、I don"t quite agree with their methods(opinions, ideas). 我不太赞成他们的办法(意见，想法)。 The verb must agree with the subject in person and number. 动词在人称和数上应与主语一致。 The enemy generals could not agree with one another; they quarreled the whole night. 敌军将领意见不一致，争吵了一整夜。 3)跟介同to连用，表示"同意；赞成(提议、安排、计划等)"。

7、例如： I agree to the proposal(the plan). 我同意这个提议(计划)。 Do you agree to this arrangement？你赞成这个安排吗？ I quite agree to their suggestions. 我很同意他们的建议。 4)与介词on连用，表示"对取得一致意见"(主语往往是协商一件事的人们或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词)。例如： The date for the next meeting was agreed on. 下次会议的日期达成了一致的协议。 They agreed on goin

8、g there the following day. 他们一致同意第二天到那里去。 5)跟不定式作宾语，表示"同意做某事"。例如： He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人来帮我们的忙。 She agreed to get everything ready before I come. 她同意在我到来之前把一切都准备好。 6)跟从句，表示"一致认为、同意"。例如： Most scientists agreed that computers cannot completely take the place of

9、human beings. 大多数科学家一致认为，计算机不能完全代替人。 At last, the boss agreed that I should do the work. 最后，老板同意我来做这项工作。 5)跟不定式作宾语，表示"同意做某事"。例如： He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人来帮我们的忙。 She agreed to get everything ready before I come. 她同意在我到来之前把一切都准备好。 6)跟从句，表示"一致认为、同意"。例如： Most scient

10、ists agreed that computers cannot completely take the place of human beings. 大多数科学家一致认为，计算机不能完全代替人。 At last, the boss agreed that I should do the work. 最后，老板同意我来做这项工作。So do I 与 So I do一、So do I的用法该结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“也一样”。该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, cou

11、ld 等。如：He passed the exam, and so did I. 他通过了考试，我也通过了考试。 又如：They went to the zoo yesterday. So did we. 他们昨天去了动物园，我们也去了。但是如果前面所述情况为否定式，则用neither, nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)。如：He couldnt do it, and neither could she. 他做不了这事，她也做不了。He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到，我也从不迟到。二、So I do的用法该结构主要用于加强语气，其意为“的确如此、确实如此

12、”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。如：He has done a good job. 他干得不错。So he has. 他的确干得不错。He will speak at the meeting tomorrow. 他明天将在会上发言。So he will. 确实如此。He went to see his friend yesterday. 他昨天去看朋友了。So he did. 的确如此

13、。a number of 和a great deal ofa number of 和a great deal of 在意思上相同，但用法不一样。a number of 后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式，而a great deal of 后面只能跟不可数名词。例如：A number of accidents always occur on rainy days.雨天常常有许多事故发生。A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆的一些书不见了。I spent a great deal of my time on this work.我在这项工作

14、上花了不少时间。另外，a great deal of 也可说成a good deal of。 例如：She spends a good deal of money on clothes every year. 她每年在衣服上花了不少钱。除了 a number of 之外，也可以用a large/good number of 或(large) numbers of 来表示数量众多，意思为“大量的，众多的”例如：Numbers of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.许多人从国内来参观这个展览。需要引起注

15、意的是，若用the number of ，后面仍需用名词复数，但谓语动词则应用单数。因为这时表示的是数字，而非数量。例如：The number of books missing from the library is very large.图书馆遗失的图书数量很大。in case/in the case/in case of的用法及区别 in case万一。是连词，引导条件状语从句。也就是说in case后面是一个完整的句子 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利

16、害，你就把帽子戴上。 in case of的of是介词，介词后面只能带名词性质的词，比如名词、代词等。意思和in case差不多，万一的意思 In case of rain they can't go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。 in the case of，就.来说, 关于。意思跟上面两个不一样了。一般表示转而提及另一件事情。比如 In the case of woman，they have more difficulty in their job。就女性来说，她们在工作中会遇到更多的困难 1. We have an auxiliary generator in case

17、 of power cuts.我们有一台万一断电时使用的备用发电机。2. In case you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么东西，请不客气地对我说。3. It may rain you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does).可能下雨-你最好带把伞, 以防万一（下起来）.4. In case that he leaves, please inform me.如果他离开, 请通知我。5. In case of rain, th

18、ey can't go.万一下雨，他们就不能去了。6. In case (=If) I forget, please remind me.万一我忘记，请提醒我。7. Write the telephone number down in case you forget.把电话号码写下来以免忘了。8. The doctor asked us to call him during the night except in case of necessity.医生吩咐我们，除非必须，否则不要在夜里叫他。 一、case作名词的用法:1. case有"情况、事实&quo

19、t;之意。如:Is it the case that you have lost all your money? 你的钱全都损失了, 是真的吗?The police have a clear case against the prisoner. 警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯。case作此义时,常用于以下一些固定短语: in that / this&

20、#160;case  如果那样/这样(的话);在那种/这种情况下In that case, we'd better hold a discussion about the problem. 那样的话,我们最好对这一问题展开讨论。He may not be back at six. In this case we won't wait

21、 for him. 他可能六点钟回不来。要是这样,我们就不等他了。 in case of  如果, 万一,后接名词、代词或动名词。如:Take a spare tyre along in case of need. 带只备用轮胎去,以备不时之需。Turn off the TV set in case of thunderstorm.

22、60;在雷雨时,关上电视机。In case of fire, dial 119 at once.  如果发生火灾,立即拨打119。而in the case of则是"就来说"。如:In the case of his health, it is fortunate for him to have recovered f

23、rom his illness like this. 就他的健康状况来说,能恢复到这样算是幸运的了。Failure is no shame in the case of a scientist. 就科学家来说,失败并非羞耻事。case的这种用法,请看2003年的高考题:The sign reads "In case of     

24、0; fire, break the glass and push       red button."A. 不填;a  B. 不填;theC. the; the  D. a; a     (字母下划横线的为正确答案) in case 万一, 以防, 

25、;如果,引导条件状语从句。如:In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 万一我回来前他先到了,请叫他等我。Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. 请你明天再提醒我一下,免得我忘记。注意: in&#

26、160;case引出的条件从句所表示的意义是"预防某种情况的出现"如果从句说的是一般的假设或条件,则要用if 。请比较:I'll tell him about the matter if I meet him.  (不用in case)Take an umbrella in case it rains.  (不用if )在上下文意义很明确时,有时可省

27、去in case后从句的内容。如:I don't think it will rain, but I'll take an umbrella in case (it rains). 请看高考题:I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some

28、 _ .A. at last  B. in case         C. once again D. in time                      

29、;           (NMET2000) in any case 无论如何,相当于whatever happens. 如:You should finish your composition before school is over in any case. 无论如何,你必须在放学前完成作文。In

30、60;any case, I'll come over to the office tomorrow.  无论如何,我明天会来办公室的。 in no case决不,置于句首时,须用倒装语序。如:In no case shall we allow smoking in the classroom. 教室里决对不允许吸烟。In no case&

31、#160;shall you break the rule.  你决不能违反纪律。 such being the case 既然如此,情况既然是这样Such being the case, I have no more to say. 既然如此,我再无话可说。Such being the case, we were very&#

32、160;lucky to have a house of our own.  既然如此,我们能有一幢自己的房子就算很幸运了。2. case作名词还有以下一些常见的意义:There is a beautiful jewel case on the desk.  (盒子)This is a case of fever.   

33、;(病例)There are five cases of flu among the staff.  (病人;患者)When will the case come before the Court?  (案件)二、 case作动词,是及物动词,意为"将装入箱子"。如:The goods have been cased up

34、60;for transport.  货物已装箱待运。另外,be cased over with 则是"在上另加一层物质"。如:The copper was cased over with silver.  铜上镀着银。The brick wall is cased over with cement.  砖墙上涂了一层水泥。一、谓语动词用

35、单数的情况    1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：    Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her.    （1987年考研题）    To understand the situation completely requires mo

36、re thought than has been given thus far.    2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。    Two weeks was too long    Five times five makes twenty five    3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：    law and ord

37、er           法制             soap and water       肥皂水    a cup and saucer        茶杯碟子    &#

38、160;    fork and knife       刀叉    the needle and thread   针线             trial and error      反复尝试，不断摸索    horse and carriage

39、0;     马车             time and tide        岁月    bread and butter        奶油面包         the ebb a

40、nd flow     盛衰，潮涨潮落    如： If law and order   _  not preserved， neither the citizen nor his property is safe.    A. is     B. are     C. was     d. were    答案：A.

41、    4.表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式    Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.    5.有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数    The chaos was stopped by the police    The news is a great encouragement to us  

42、;  A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.    6.用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式    Bread and butter is our daily food    Time and tide waits for no man    二、谓语用复数情况    1. 由and， both an

43、d， 连接的并列主语，和both ，a few， many ，several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。    Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.    2.集体名词police， public， militia， cattle ，class ，youth后常用复数形式的动词    The Chinese people are brave and hardworking  

44、0; The cattle are grazing in the sunshine    3.当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式    The Japanese were once very aggressive    4.某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数    The rich are not always selfish    5.不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数&#

45、160;   Three million tons of coal were exported that year    三、谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况    1. 就近一致原则    这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：    1） 由连词 eitheror； neithernor； whether or；not onlybut （also） ；or 等连接的并列主语 

46、;   Neither money nor fame has influence on me    Not only you but also he is wrong    2） 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致    Blocking the open-sided porch， framed by the enveloping fog， stands a tall grave-faced policeman.    Just outside

47、the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.    Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair， there has been improvement in the facili    2. 主语带有（together/along）with， such as， accompanied by，   as well as， no less

48、 than， except， besides， with， combined with， in addition to ， including， together with   等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致    Professor Taylor ， with six of his students ，is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of

49、 other nations.    The president of the college， together with the deans， is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.   （1981年考研题）    3.关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。如：    Despite much research， there are still certa

50、in elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.    （1996年考研题）    There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for， but which do not bring a return in money to the community.    （1990年考研题）   

51、; 4.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of； plenty of/heaps of； half of； two-third （three-fourth） of； eighty（ten， twenty） percent； part of； rest of ； none of 等等    Two-thirds of people present are women    Lots of damage was caused

52、by the fire    5.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army， audience， band ，government ，group ，flock， police， public ，staff ，team ，troop. Crowd， firm， family 等等    The family is the basic unit of our society    The fam

53、ily were watching the TV    The audience was enormous    The audience were greatly moved at the words    6.某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：    第一组：    a great many + 可数名词复数           

54、0;   谓语用复数    a number of + 可数名词复数                谓语用复数    the majority of + 可数名词复数            谓语用复数    第二组； &

55、#160;  the number of + 可数名词复数              谓语用单数    each/every + 可数名词复数                 谓语用单数    neither/either of + 可数名

56、词复数          谓语用单数    one and a half + 可数名词复数             谓语用单数    第三组；    more than one + 可数名词单数         

57、;     谓语用单数    many a + 可数名词单数                     谓语用单数    第四组；    the greater part of    a large proportion of &#

58、160;  50% of    one third of    plenty of    the rest of    谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致    第五组；    （n）either（n）or。    not only but also     not but     谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即（n）or/

59、 but also/ but引导的后面部分）一致。    注意比较：    More students than one have been referred to    More than one student is going to buy this book虚1.中文：我要是你，我不会那么做。 (误)I shouldn't do that if I was you. (正)I shouldn't do that if I were you.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was

60、，必须were.) 2.中文：要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。 (误)If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do. (正)If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的助动词只能用would，might等过去时。) 3.中文：要是我知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打电话了。 (误)If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her. (正)If I had k

61、nown her telephone number， I would have called her.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。) 4.中文：要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。 (误)If it had not rained yesterday， he might come. (正)If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might，could等+HAVE+过去分词。) 5.中文：我不认为我会失败，但要是我失败了，我会再努力。 (误)I do

62、n't think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again. (正)I don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。) 6.中文：他要是带了钱就会买它。 (误)Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it. (正)Had he brought some money with

63、 him， he would have bought it.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时，若省略if，则用倒装形式。) 7.中文：她要是个男人可能会当选总统。 (误)Be she a man， she might be elected president. (正)Were she a man， she might be elected president.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，不能用was，只能用were;若省略if，则将were放在句首。) 8.中文：我提议提高教师的薪资。 (误)I suggested that the teachers'

64、 wages could be increased. (正)I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.(suggest当建议讲时，后面的名词从句的主要动词要用should加原形动词，should可以省略。)拟语气辨析成人高考高起点英语代词误用辨析2008年12月17日 14:16   来源：考试大 1.中文：伦敦的夏天比我家乡的夏天更热。 (误)London is much hotter in summer than my hometown. (正)It is much hotter in Lo

65、ndon in summer than in my hometown.(用it代表气候，天气等。) 2.中文：他的书跟我的很不一样。 (误)His book is quite different from me. (正)His book is quite different from mine.(mine = my book，应保持比较的双方性质的一致。) 3.中文：我有件重要的事告诉你。 (误)I have important something to tell you. (正)I have something important to tell you.(修饰something，nothi

66、ng，anything等不定代词时，形容词应放在其后。) 4.中文：每个学生都应该做他自己的功课。 (误)Every student should do their own homework. (正)Every student should do his own homework.(every student是单数，其后的代词也用单数。) 5.中文：我喜欢收到别人的来信，但不愿意写信。 (误)I like to receive letters but do not like to write it. (正)I like to receive letters but do not like to

67、 write them.(代词的人称与数应与它代替的名词相同。) 6.中文：孩子们和他都还没有吃晚餐。 (误)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten their supper. (正)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten his supper.(neithernor是对等相关连词，nor后面的主语决定后面的谓语动词及代词的形式。) 7.中文：布朗太太向她的朋友玛丽和我打招呼。 (误)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends， Mary and I. (正)Mrs. Br

68、own said hello to her friends， Mary and me.(Mary and me是宾语friends的同位语，因此用宾格形式。) 8.中文：我的两个姊姊都不在这。 (误)None of my two sisters is here. (正)Neither of my two sisters is here.(neither用于两者的否定;none用于三者以上的否定。) 9.中文：他认识我的两个姊姊。 (误)He knows my both sisters. (正)He knows both my sisters.(both用在the，his，my等修饰语之前。)

69、10.中文：这本书的价格是多少? (误)How much is the price of the book? (正)What is the price of the book?(对价格提问用what，没有price一词时用how much.) 11.中文：我有一本新字典还有几本旧的。 (误)I have a new dictionary and several old one. (正)I have a new dictionary and several old ones.(代替前面提到过的可数名词，复数要用ones.) 12.中文：安迪，保罗和我共唱一首歌。 (误)I， Andy and Paul sang a song together. (正)Andy， Paul and I sang a song together.(有多个主语或宾语时，I或me在最后。) 13.中文：他们很了解我们中国人。 (误)They know our Chinese well. (正)They know us Chinese well.(Chinese为宾语u