Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronic Commerce

1、Company name电子商务电子商务Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronic Commerce黄亚丽黄亚丽Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院2http:/ Development of Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院4Buyer in traditional business124356一、电子商务的起源和发展一、电子商务的起源和发展Seller in traditional business12345671.1.1 A Brief Histor

2、y of Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院7The need for electronic commerce stems from the demand within business and government to make better use of computing and to better apply computer technology to improve customer interaction, business processes, and information exchange both within an enterprise and acr

3、oss enterprises.重庆文理学院81.1.2 Current Development State of Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院91. Internet Users Royal Pingdom1.1.2 Current Development State of Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院101. Internet Users 1.1.2 Current Development State of Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院112 Use of Online Shopping 1.1.2 Current Deve

4、lopment State of Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院123. The State of Electronic Commerce in China 万亿万亿1.2 Definition and Categories of Electronic Commerce1.2.1 The Definition of Electronic Commerce1. Different Definitions of Electronic Commerce Defining electronic commerce is problematic for its versatility

5、and intuitiveness ensure that often it is not defined, or that it is defined in an all-encompassing fashion where it is taken to refer to any transaction conducted over a network. 重庆文理学院13Illustrative definitions include:重庆文理学院14 E-commerce also refers to electronic transactions involving the transf

6、erring of ownership of goods or services. The buyer and seller have to agree on an exchange, whether monetary or non-monetary. Any transaction completed over a computer-mediated network that involves the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or services. An process that an organization conduc

7、ts over a computer-mediated networkProduction procurement, ordering, stock replenishment, payment processing, production control, etc.Customer-focused marketing, selling, customer order processing, etc.Internal or management-focused employee service, training, recruiting, information sharing, etc.De

8、finition: Electronic Business (U.S. Census Bureau)Definition: Electronic-Business InfrastructureThe share of total economic infrastructure used to support e-business processes and conduct e-commerce transactions.HardwareSoftwareTelecommunication networksSupport servicesHuman resourcesE-CommerceE-Bus

9、inessWeb-site电电子子商商务务图图1 电子商务概念模型电子商务概念模型e-business = IT + Web + businessNew Business Rules from E-BusinessCustomers determine everything.Knowledge and information become more valuable than physical assets.People want more choices of products and services.Time is present time, distance is zero.Techn

10、ology and network determine how the business is conducted.1.2.2 Characters of e-commerce重庆文理学院20Advantages of Electronic CommerceDisadvantages of Electronic Commerce重庆文理学院21Benefits and Characteristics of E-Commerce In the era of e-commerce, the number of potential buyers is limitless. The electroni

11、c marketplace is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In this respect, it has made the retail marketplace more customer-focused. All-hours e-commerce poses various challenges to businesses, which must now be able to operate effectively at any time. The electronic marketplace is open 24 hours a day, 7

12、 days a week. In this respect, it has made the retail marketplace more customer-focused. 22Benefits and Characteristics of E-Commerce E-commerce offers businesses a multitude of effective and inexpensive ways to reach new and existing customers. Web sites enable businesses to track customers purchas

13、ing habits.23Benefits and Characteristics of E-CommerceIf a customer will not accept a substitute, even when there are many other comparable products available, he or she is demonstrating brand loyalty. brand loyalty refers to a customers preference for a particular product24Benefits and Characteris

14、tics of E-Commerce Online retailers may be able to bypass many difficult decisions regarding inventory. Customers can not shoplift from a virtual store.25Benefits and Characteristics of E-CommerceWith e-commerce, there is a trend toward mass customization.mass customization the production of goods t

15、hat offer specialized choices to mainstream buyers 26Benefits and Characteristics of E-CommerceMass customization influences all aspects of the value chain. value chain the sequence of design, production, and marketing efforts a business conducts to deliver its products at the right price and time27

16、When a company streamlines its value chain, productivity and profitability generally increase. Benefits and Characteristics of E-Commerce A virtual storefront is much faster, easier, and cheaper to set up than a bricks-and-mortar store. Online businesses can also be grown quickly, whether through al

17、liances with other e-businesses or by offering additional goods and services. 28Benefits and Characteristics of E-CommerceThe e-commerce environment fosters elastic demand. elastic demand when pricing changes create a change in the amount of goods or services consumers are willing to buy at a certai

18、n price29Section 2-1Benefits of ECto OrganizationsDecreasing information costsReduced inventoriesReduced cycle timeSupports BPRLowers telecommunication costsBenefits of ECto ConsumersMore choiceLess expensive productsQuick delivery24-hour availabilityQuick access to informationCustomized product at

19、competitive pricesVirtual auctionsInteract with other EC customersBenefits of ECto SocietyLower air pollutionIncrease standard of livingEnjoy products and services in third-worldFacilitate delivery of public services电子商务的挑战主要的商业压力TechnologyInnovationsObsolescenceInformation OverloadE-CommerceSociety

20、Social ResponsibilityGovernment RegulationsDeregulationShrinking BudgetsSubsidiesEthicsMarketGlobal CompetitionChanging WorkforcePowerful ConsumersOrganizationThe Process of Buying and Selling Online The rest of this chapter explores the different types of business models common in e-commerce.35E-Co

21、mmerce Business Models If you plan to launch a business on the Web, youll want to pay close attention and select the best business model for your e-commerce venture. business model a system of policies, operations, resources, and technologies used to generate revenue 36E-Commerce Business Models 37C

22、ommon Business Models business-to-business (B2B) business-to-consumer (B2C) intermediary hub consumer-to-consumer (C2C) government-to-consumer (G2C)consumer-to-business (C2B)business-to-government (B2G) E-Commerce Business Models The oldest and fastest-growing form of e-commerce, business-to-busines

23、s (B2B) allows e-business to collaborate, partner, and share research and complex data with other businesses. business-to-business (B2B) business model that applies when a business transacts information, goods, or services with another business38E-Commerce Business Models Turning browsers into buyer

24、s, building customer loyalty, and fulfilling customer orders in a timely and satisfactory way are all concerns for business-to-consumer (B2C) sites. business-to-consumer (B2C) business model that applies to any business or organization that uses the Internet to sell its products or services to consu

25、mers39E-Commerce Business Models Online auctions are the most common forum for consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce. consumer-to-consumer (C2C) business model that allows consumers to interact with one another online to transact goods and services 40E-Commerce Business Models A consumer-to-business

26、 (C2B) model uses a reverse-auction scenario: The business responds to the consumers requested product and its price. consumer-to-business (C2B) business model in which the customer initiates the transaction, posting an intent or desire to buy a certain product at a certain price 41E-Commerce Business Models Bu