(Unit Two) 词汇学习

1、综合学术英语教程第二单元词汇学习Reading 1积极词汇1. anthropogenic ,ænrp'denk adj. 人为的，人类活动产生的Aviation has long been blamed for its share of anthropogenic global warming.2. methane 'mien; 'meen n. 甲烷；沼气Methane is often regarded as the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.3. manure m

2、'nj (r) n. 肥料；粪肥Pig-breeding not only improves the peoples diet; it makes more manure available. 4. convert kn'vt vt. 使转变；转换In order to convert hearers into listeners, you need to know why they should listen to you and tell them if necessary.5. oxygen 'ksd()n n. 氧气，氧Carbon dioxide consis

3、ts of carbon and oxygen.6. demolish dml vt. 拆除；破坏；毁坏；Since the advent of modern urbanization, people have been confronted with the dilemma whether or not they should demolish old houses and buildings that seem to have spoilt the cityscape.词组或短语(含固定和词汇共现型搭配)1. split up into 分成；使分裂成2. greenhouse gas 温

4、室气体3. fossil fuels fsl fjul 化石燃料4. organic matter :gænk 有机物质5. eco system 生态系统生僻词汇1. tundra 'tndr n. 苔原；冻原；冻土地带Reading 2积极词汇1. crusade kru'sed n. 改革运动My crusade to inspire will continue whether people think its possible or not.2. validation ,væl'den n. 确认In this example, for cl

5、arity, we left some of the validation inside the test method.3. pollutant plu:tnt n. 污染物While the atmospheres ozone protects us from the suns rays, ground-level ozone is a pollutant.4. toxin tksn n. 毒素，毒质This helps get rid of parasite that produce some of the toxins in our body.5. harness 'hns v

6、t. 利用The Korean scientists, however, want to harness a different kind of power source: sound waves.6. definitely 'defntl adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地It has not yet definitely settled.7. radiant 'rednt adj. 光芒四射的It would fly wildly with the stumps of its burned wings towards that radiant portal.8. arc

7、hitect 'ktekt n. 建筑师 They commissioned an architect to design the new library.9. document 'dkjmnt vt. 记录；证明；用文件证明He wrote a book documenting his prison experience.10. supercharge s(j)u:p't:d vt. 对增压；增加，促进The company tries its best to supercharge the productivity by providing the worker w

8、ith some benefits.11. far-flung f: fl adj. 遥远的；广泛的；广布的The book also depicts scenes of Chinatowns in far-flung places like San Francisco, New York and Los Angeles, as well as in countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Vietnam.12. tap tæp vt. 开发，开采There is vast mineral wealth waiting to

9、 be tapped.13.downside 'dansad n. 负面，缺点Its biggest downside is that, on occasion, computers fail to “awaken” properly from this mode, and you have to do a full restart.14.hydroelectricity ,hadr,lk'trsti n. 水电The church is now an ominous symbol of energy shortages in the country, which gets a

10、round 68 percent of its power from hydroelectricity, Reuters reported.15.waterwheel 'w:thwi:l n. 水车；水轮The impulse of falling water turns the waterwheel.16. millstone 'mlstn n. 磨石And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to break his skull.17. variatio

11、n ve()rien n. 变化，变动；变异，演变Many theories on punishment exist, all of which are variations on a theme.18. photosynthesis ,ft()'snss n. 光合作用Crops are grown, using the sunlight and carbon dioxide as food through photosynthesis.19.biomass 'bamæs n. （单位面积或体积内的）生物量Electricity can be generated b

12、y nuclear fission, hydropower, biomass, wind and solar energy; and cars and lorries can run on electricity or biofuels.20. biodegradable ,bad'gredbl adj. 生物所能分解的，能进行生物降解的We hope to make all our packaging biodegradable or able to be recycled. 词组或短语(含固定和词汇共现型搭配)1. look into 考察，调查，研究2. be of great

13、aid 对有很大的帮助3. cut down 减少4. convertinto 把转化为5. solar panel 太阳电池板6. solar cells 太阳能电池7. to date 至今；迄今为止8. wind turbine 风力涡轮机9. electrical generator 发电机10. national electrical grid 全国输电网络，国家电网11. geothermal energy 地热能12. radioactive decay 放射性衰变13. Earth s crust 地壳 ; 地核14. date back to 追溯到；从开始有15. kine

14、tic energy knetk 动能16. pose a problem to/for 造成问题17. aquatic plant kwætk 水生植物18. internal combustion engine 内燃机19. be amazed at 惊讶/叹于生僻词汇1. photovoltaic ,ftvl'tek adj. 光电伏打的，光电的2. magma 'mægm n. 岩浆3. ethanol 'enl n. 乙醇，酒精Reading 3积极词汇1. minimize mnmaz vt. 使减到最少At every stage we

15、 try to minimize waste.2. contamination kn,tæm'nen n. 污染，玷污However, contamination can occur at any point along the food chain, from field to table.3. nitrogen 'natrdn n. 氮The plant requires nitrogen in order to make proteins.4. exhaust g'zst; eg- n. 排气；废气；Suck on one compound found

16、in diesel exhaust, and you may get cancer.5. demolition dem'ln n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏My family has been displaced by urban demolition.6. reservoir 'rezvw: (r) n. 水库；蓄水池Various kinds of fish are being bred in the reservoir.7. sediment 'sedmnt n. 沉积；沉淀物 They also protect watercourses

17、and maintain water quality by reducing sediment and filtering pollutants. 8. leach 'lit v. 淋洗；滤取；滤去Much of the mineral content has been leached out of the soil during the rainy weather.9. irrigation r'en n. 灌溉；水利Rivers and lakes provide us with water transport and irrigation10. cultivation k

18、lt'ven n. 耕作；耕种The area is under banana cultivation.11. habitation hæb'ten n. 居住The recent survey found that 20 per cent of private-rented dwellings are unfit for human habitation.12. landfill 'lændfl n. 垃圾填埋地；垃圾堆The rubbish in modern landfills does not rot.13. deliberate d'

19、;lbrt adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的This can happen for a variety of reasons, and these reasons can be unintended as well as deliberate.14. pesticide 'pestsad n. 杀虫剂This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields.15. deforestation di:f:rsten n. 采伐森林；森林开伐There might even be an agreement t

20、o stop deforestation.16. desertification dz:tfken n. （土壤）荒漠化；沙漠化Desertification is a form of land degradation, by which fertile land becomes desert.17. disrupt ds'rpt vt. 破坏；使瓦解But people went with the flow, and no one let those issues disrupt the class.18. detrimental ,detr'mentl adj. 不利的；有

21、害的The government's policy of high interest rates is having a detrimental effect on industry.19. intensity n'tenst n. 强度；强烈And they can help us understand more about the frequency, intensity and duration of storms.20. sterilization ,sterla'zen n. 绝育All birth control methods (even steriliz

22、ation), have a failure rate.21. thermal 'ml adj. 热的；热量的；保热的This would be a two group analysis where you have a thermal and a fast spectrum.22. illumination ,lum'nen n. 照明；照度；About half of those homes use kerosene lamps for illumination, while most of the rest still use candles.23. obtrusive

23、btru:sv adj.（难看得）刺眼的;强加于人的 These heaters are less obtrusive and are easy to store away in the summer.24. eyesore 'as(r) n. 眼中钉；难看的东西Poverty leads to slums, which are an eyesore and a health hazard.25. interconnected ntknekt adj. 连通的；有联系的Well have to use diplomacy, because no one nation can meet

24、the challenges of an interconnected world acting alone.26. combat 'kmbæt vt. 反对；与战斗Congress has criticized new government measures to combat crime.词组或短语(含固定和词汇共现型搭配)1. particulate matter p:tkjlt 微粒物质；悬浮微粒 2. carbon cycle 碳循环3. nitrogen cycle 氮循环4. vehicle or manufacturing exhaust 汽车或工业废气5.

25、soil erosion 水土流失；土壤侵蚀；土壤流失；泥土流失6. waste disposal 废物处理；废物处理装置7. wildlife preservation 野生生物保护8. hazardous waste 危险废物；有害垃圾9. sewage spills 污水外溢10. strip mining 露天开采11. crop yield 粮食产量，作物产量；谷物收获量12. wildlife habitat 野生动物栖息地13. hearing loss 听力丧失14. birth defect 出生缺陷15. urban sprawl 城市扩张16. make it possi

26、ble 使它变成可能17. astronomical observation 天文观测18. be inflicted by 造成生僻词汇1. asthma 'æsm n. 内科中医 哮喘，气喘2. uranium j'renm n. 化学 铀Reading 4积极词汇1. sustainability s'stenblt n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性Poverty and irresponsible land-use are major forces endangering the sustainability of china's environ

27、ment.2. entirety n'tart n. 全部；完全The peace plan has not been accepted in its entirety by all parties.3. childbearing taldber n. 分娩For most women, working and childbearing are alternatives, at least for a few years.4. rear r(r) n. 饲养；养育；抚养She reared sixteen children, six her own and ten her husban

28、ds.5. regenerate r'denret vt. 使再生But unlike humans, zebrafish are able to regenerate their damaged hair cells.6. deplete d'plit vt. 耗尽，用尽；使衰竭；vi. 耗尽；减少，损耗Most native mammal species have been severely depleted.7. maintenance 'mentnns n. 维护，维修；保持They are happy with their existing applicati

29、ons and could cut their maintenance costs in half.8. adherence d'hrns n. 坚持She elaborated on Chinas adherence to peaceful development, reform and opening-up.词组或短语(含固定和词汇共现型搭配)1. in terms of 依据；按照； 2. reproductive health 生殖健康3. human capital 人力资本4. waste emissions 废物排放5. to the point of extinctio

30、n 到灭绝的边缘/境地Listening 1积极词汇1. declamation dekl'men n. 雄辩；朗诵；鸿篇大论His ecstatic declamation of the sonorous rhythm was enough for me.2. motivation mt'ven n. 动机The timing of the attack, and its motivations, are unknown.3. deter d't (r) vt. 制止，阻止；使打消念头 Nothing shall deter us from doing what we

31、 think right.4. radical 'rædkl adj. 根本的The government is putting through some radical social reforms.5. articulate :'tkjlet vt. 明确有力地表达The child was unable to offer an articulate description of what she had witnessed.6. throe r n. 剧痛，挣扎But China must suffer the throe in the process of m

32、odernization.7. pee pi vi. 撒尿My friends pee on trees!8. poop pup vi.排大便How does Roman know whales poop at the surface?9. outrageously aut'reidsli adv. 凶残地，残暴地She behaves outrageously and it is embarrassing to be in public with her.10. suppress s'pres vt. 抑制；镇压They suppress the ingenuity of o

33、ur people and businesses.11. emergence 'mdns n. 出现，浮现；发生Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.12. internalize n'tnlaz vt. 使（习俗等经吸收同化而）内在化Proper learning requires time to internalize the new information and experiment with it.13. inappropriate n'prprt

34、 adj. 不适当的It is inappropriate to draw such a parallel.14. conscience 'knns n. 道德心，良心The temptation was warring with his conscience.词组或短语(含固定和词汇共现型搭配)1. unconscious motivation 潜意识动机2. unconscious conflict 潜意识冲突3. in the throes of 处于困境（或痛苦）中生僻词汇1. id d 本我2. ego i:g 自我3. superego su:pri:g 超我4. poly

35、morphous perversity plim:fs p'v:st 多形性反常Listening 2积极词汇1. recess r'ses n. 休息One day he called me into his room during the recess.2. self-actualization 'selfæktla'zen n. 自我实现Such experiences interrupt, deter, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy and self-actualization.3

36、. assert 'st vt. 断言；主张；声称Mr. Helm plans to assert that the bill violates the First Amendment.4. deficiency d'f()ns n. 缺陷，缺点AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.5. physiological ,fz'ldkl adj. 生理的One physiological need that we often neglect is sleep.6. dominate 'dmnet vi

37、. 占优势；处于支配地位No single factor appears to dominate.7. esteem 'stim n. 尊重；尊敬What other form of government, indeed, can so well deserve our esteem and love?8. secondary 'seknd(e)r adj. 次要的In my opinion all this is of secondary importance.9. implement 'mplment vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效The government p

38、romised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions.词组或短语(含固定和词汇共现型搭配)1. hang out with 与出去玩；与闲逛2. hierarchy of needs需要层次；需求层次理论3. be overly concerned about 过度担忧Listening 3积极词汇1. influenza nfl'enz n. 内科 流行性感冒（简写flu）；家畜流行性感冒They all come down with influenza.2. symptom smptm n.

39、 症状One prominent symptom of the disease is progressive loss of memory.3. respiratory r'spartr; 'resprtr adj. 呼吸的 If you smoke then the whole respiratory system is constantly under attack. 4. constitutional knsttju:nl adj. 体质上的；全身的He has long been suffering from constitutional weakness.5. copycat 'kpkæt adj. 模仿的，仿效的Because of the risk of copycat crimes, some people question whether the media should report on some crimes at all.6. epidemic ep'demk n. 传染病；流行病Almost every developing country faces cholera outbreaks or the threat of a cholera epidemic.7.