aps电气复习final英文资料

1、1.高等数学（Advanced Mathematics）12.大学生思想修养（Moral Cultivation of college students）23.体育（P.E）(1,2,3)24.心理学（modern psychology）25.计算机文化基础（Software Technique Foundation Design）26.普通物理学（General Physics）27.金工实习（Metalworking Practice）28.程序设计（programming）39.法律基础（Law Basis）310.普通物理实验（General Physics Experiment）31

2、1.电路理论基础（Electric Circuit Theories）312.电工实习（Electronic Processes Internship）413.数字技术基础（Electronic Technology Fundamentals）414.电子技术基础实验（Electronic Technology fundamental Experiment）615.电磁场（Electromagnetic Field）616.自动控制理论（Automation Control Theory）617.信号与系统（Signals and Systems）718.Introductory Contro

3、l819.微机原理（Single Chip Microcomputer Principle and Application）820.电机学（Electrical Machinery）921.电力电子技术（Power Electronic Technology ）922.电气工程基础（fundamentals of electrical engineering）1123.电力系统自动化（electrical power system automation）1224.继电保护（relay protection of power system）1225.电气电子测试（Fundamentals of

4、Test & Measurement Technology）1226.数据结构（Data Structures and Algorithms）1527.离散数学（discrete mathematics）1528.数据库（database）151. 高等数学（Advanced Mathematics）Its not only tell us how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages, actually,Mathematics is a st

5、udy of patterns and relationships; a science and a way of thinking; an art, characterized by order and internal consistency; a language, using carefully defined terms and symbols2. 大学生思想修养（Moral Cultivation of college students）This course mainly talked about moral education and value education to th

6、e college student, a lot of reality stories are told in the class to make us conscious of right things and the wrong, in a word, Its aim is to teach us to be good people.3. 体育（P.E）(1,2,3)In our school, you can chose 1 kind of sport to learn each year, I learned tennis ball in my frosh year and I lik

7、ed it very much, by the may, nadir is my favourite sports stars. Then , kickboxing is my choice in the second year, you know ,I want to be more strong so I can protect myself and the people I care about when something bad happened ,hehe.4. 计算机文化基础（Software Technique Foundation Design）I learned some

8、basic ideas about computer in this course, normally, personal computer is composed of Hardware and Software .Hardware:case , power supply, motherboard, processor ,heatsink, hard drive, memory card, optical drive,video card, sound card ,netwotk card, however, nowadays,most motherboards have on-board

9、sound ,video and network card, so you dont need to buy them when diy a computer unless you pursue high performance. Software : System software-Mac Os ,DOS, Windows. Application software:-Microsoft Office , mainly learned word processing , spread sheet,-excel powerpoint5. 普通物理学（General Physics）Introd

10、uce basic conceptions, laws , theories about natural things6. 程序设计（programming）C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used for developing application software.Data structures: Pointers , Arrays Memory managemente.g.#include math.h#include stdio.hmain()double x,s;printf(&q

11、uot;input number:n");scanf("%lf",&x);s=sin(x);printf("sine of %lf is %lfn",x,s);7. 法律基础（Law Basis）Mainly about the law in china, including international law, constitutional and administrative law, criminal law, tort law ,property law, labour law, family law ,commercial l

12、aw,many many, in a word, in this course we learned to be a 8. 普通物理实验（General Physics Experiment）Basic operation skills of amp meter, voltage meter, power ,frequency, resistance table to properly test the required variables.9. 电路理论基础（Electric Circuit Theories）Explain basic theories, laws conception a

13、nd basic analyzing method of electrical circuit . Such as the current and voltage law of kirchhoff, ohms law,Farady and Branch Current MethodAn electrical circuit is composed of elements such as resistors,inductors,and capacitors connected together in some manner.Ohms law: states that the voltage ac

14、ross the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. U=IRFarady;s: the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor. U=L di/dt di/dt:the rate of change of currentCapacitor;The volt

15、age developed across a capacitor is proportional to the electric charge q accumulating on the plates of the capacitor U=1/CKirchhoff: -KVL:The algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is zero. KCL:The algebraic sum of the currents entering and exiting a node equals zero.Branch Current Meth

16、od: First, assume the direction of currents in a network, then write equations describing their relationships to each other through kichhoff;s and ohm;s law three phase ciucuit10. 电工实习（Electronic Processes Internship）Basic ideas and important notes about electronic production process ,then use elect

17、ric iron to make a small electronic epuipment, and I made a small charger which I used until now, hehe,wondertful.First: follow the circuit diagram to place the electronic component such as capacitor,resistor,source line Second :welding, welding work was essential,solder joint request must be strong

18、, sleek, welding technology will have a direct impact on the success of electronics manufacturing.just becareful!Last:making up,insert the pcb into the case and connect other outerframe component ,and then its done!11. 数字技术基础（Electronic Technology Fundamentals）Basic knowledge of Digital and Analog s

19、ignal, several logic gates,boolean equation ,truth table and important flip-flop, operational amplifer1)Digital & Analog: the rate of change of time and number of a variable is discrete, the circuit work on this signal called digital circuit. On the other hand ,if the variables are continuous fu

20、nctions of time,it called analog signal, and the circuit work on this called analog circuit.2)Logic gate: AND,OR NOTThe AND gate is a logic gate that gives an output of '1' only when all of its inputs are '1'. The OR gate is a logic gate that gives an output of '0' only

21、when all of its inputs are '0'.The NOT gate is a logic gate that gives an output that is opposite the state of its input. also called inverterABOutput Q000010100111 Truth table of AND GATE3)Boolean equation: mathematically analyze the relation of logic gate4)Flip-flop: S,R are a pair of

22、 input terminals,standing for set and reset,repectively, The fundamental, most importantcharacteristic of a flip-flop is that it has a “memory”,Example:when s=1,r=0,q=1,(q非)q=0 ，when the signal applied on s disappear(means s turn to 0),because q still equals 1,through the or gate, the output unchang

23、ed, 1.5)Op-Amp*笔记*: an integrated circuit that has many components parts such as resistors and transistors built into the device.Uo=A(U+ - U-)A is the gain of Op-Amp6)AD Analogue and digital conversionsAnalogue-to-digital conversion involves a sample and hold unit followed by an analogue-to digital

24、converter. A N-bit ADC outputs a binary word whose width is N bits. The resolution of a N-bit ADC is 1/2N of the full-scale input. Conversion time specify the time it takes a ADC to generate a digital word.1.Successive approximation ADC This type of ADC is most commonly used form. This method is bas

25、ed on comparing the input analogue voltage with another voltage until two are equal or as close as it is possible to set them. 12. 电子技术基础实验（Electronic Technology fundamental Experiment）Introduce some basic testing technology, to voltage, frequency, current, time ,resistance and so on ,also debugging

26、 technology of both digital and analog ciucuit13. 电磁场（Electromagnetic Field）Introduce some basic knowledge of Electromagnetic field, Point is Maxwell equations and its linear relation.Integral Linear relation: B= H, D= E J= E , , , are magnetic permeability, Dielectric permittivity,and conductivity

27、Respectively.Differential 14. 自动控制理论（Automation Control Theory）*笔记*Introduce basic knowledge of two kinds of control systems: Open-loop control systems and Closed-loop control system and their mathematically analysis tool-transfer functionOpen-loop: the control action is independent of the output图：C

28、losed-loop: the input of the plant is somehow dependent on the actual output, the output is feedback in a functional form determined by the nature of the feedback elements then substracted from the input, so its often referred to as a negative feedback.图：Transfer function: The input output relations

29、hip in the laplace domain is called the transfer function. This function can be obtained by mainly two ways:laplace transform and experiment.we learned the former one,to take laplace transform requires the system to be linear and stationary, with continuous variables and zero initial conditions. als

30、o can be written in D(s) is called the characteristic function, it contains all the physical characteristics of the system and determine the stability of the system.(use Routh stability criterion)N(s) a function of how the input enters the system.For a open loop,the transfer function is W(S)=C(s)/R(

31、s)=G(s)H(s)For a closed loop: W(s)=C(s)/R(s)=G(s)H(s)/1+ G(s)H(s)Routh: example:15. 信号与系统（Signals and Systems）This subject presents the theoretical basis for system analysis and gives students skills in using the techniques to design components of real control/communication systems. The derivation o

32、f models from real-world devices through measurement and the comparison of model predictions with experimental results is emphasised in the laboratory component of the course. A group project that requires the design and implementation of part of a control/communication system allows students to app

33、ly their knowledge to a real-life problem.Topics include: signal types and their representation in the time and frequency domains; modelling systems with differential or difference equations and transforms of the equations; signal operations and processing; the relationship between discrete and cont

34、inuous quantities and the mathematical techniques applicable to each; the effects of feedback; time and frequency domain performance of systems; system stability; and control design techniques and simple communication systems.16. Introductory ControlThe objective of this subject is to enable student

35、s to model with validation control systems and to analyse, design and implement both analog and digital controllers so that the controlled systems conform with given specifications. Emphasis is placed on laboratory work, the theoretical content of the subject being only that required to produce succ

36、essful designs. Students are required to work on reduced scale models of actual industrial processes. The equipment is based upon experience gained with authentic control applications and is suitably modified for student use. Students follow the usual sequence adopted in industry, i.e. they start wi

37、th the calibration of transducers and actuators leading on to dynamic response testing, physical modelling, model verification and finally to controller design, implementation and testing.Topics include: linear and nonlinear modelling of control systems using Newton's rules, analogous networks o

38、r Lagrangian techniques; linearisation and development of linear, time-invariant transfer functions; development of lead-lag compensators or PID controllers using classical control design techniques such as root locus, Bode gain and phase diagrams, Nyquist plots and Nichols chart; development of sta

39、te-variable equations from differential equations; development of state-variable feedback controllers and state observers; open-loop pulse transfer functions and discrete-time state models; discretisation using backward difference, bilinear, step-invariance or pole-zero mapping; development of digit

40、al PID controllers, deadbeat controllers and discrete-time state-variable feedback controllers; describing functions and limit cycles for nonlinear control systems; and the development of linear controllers for nonlinear systems using describing function techniques.17. 微机原理（Single Chip Microcomputer

41、 Principle and Application）Systematically explain the working principle of MCS-51 mono-chip computer,its instruction system,the design of assembly language program, the expansion of system, interruption, and connecting ports.Fundamental characteristic: highly integrated, simple structure, high relia

42、bility, strong function to control,cheap flexible usage.1. Structure and working principlesa. Makeup: CPU, timer circuit, Read Only Memory, Random Access Memory, Timer and Counter, Shunt connect Input/output, 串行口, interrupt control system.b. Internal structure and functions: operator运算器 (Arithmetic

43、logic unit 算术逻辑单元, Accumulator 累加器, register 寄存器, Program Status Word), controller控制器(Program Counter, DPTR)18. 电机学（Electrical Machinery）Systematically explain the working principle of Power Transformer, Direct Current Machine and Alternating Current machine.Power Transformer: a device that change a

44、c electric energy at one level voltage into another level through the action of a magnetic field ,consist of two or more coils of wire wrapped around a common ferromagnetic(铁磁体) core,these coil connected by magnetic flux. .Its an indispensable component in many energy conversion systems, Normally ,t

45、here are two type: Core and shell图These winding are coupled by mutual magnetic flux,when connect the primary winding to an alternating source, an alternating flux will be produced whose amplitude will depend on the primary voltage,the frequency of the applied voltage, and the number of turns, then t

46、he mutual flux linked the other winding will induce a voltage in it, whose value depend on the number of secondary turns and the magnetude of the mutual flux and frequency .By properly proportioning the number of the primary and secondary turns, almost any designed voltage can be obtained.Dc machine

47、, in principle, the dc and transformer are similar, in both of them. a magnetic field is created by the combine action of the currents in the winding, but in dc, there is relative motion between the winding on the rotor and stator. Principle: direct current applied on the field winding create a magn

48、etic flux distribution which is stationary with respect to the stator, when it flows through the brushes, armature creates a magnetic flux distribution which is also fixed in space, it is the interaction of these two flux distributions that creates the torque（转矩） of dc machine.1 If the machine act a

49、s a generator ,the torque opposes rotation 2 If the machine act as a motor the electromechanical torque acts in the direction of rotation.Rotary principle of three-phase AC asynchronous motor 1)rotary magnetic field generated by three phase currents synthesis with each other in stator, resulting in

50、asynchronous currents whose synthesized magnetic field keep rotating according to the change of currents.2)the conductor in the magnetic field cut out the lines of magnetic force, therefore generating induction potential, then created currents in conductors and make rotor to rotae.Principle of synch

51、ronous motor: when apply three-phase current to the armature winding of motor, the stator will produce a roary magnetic field rotated by the source of synchronous speed.In stationary situation ,rotor speed is synchronous speed, and the rotary magnetic field of stator keep stationary with the magneti

52、c field of rotor energized by direct current.A coil of wire that moves in a magnetic field will have an e. m. f . induced in it .19. 电力电子技术（Power Electronic Technology ）Introduce basic ideas about power electronic components such as power diodes and thyristor GTO IGBT and 4 kinds of power converterP

53、ower diode: only applied a forward voltage can a current be conducted, no need of control signal1） Thyristor: also called SCR(silicon controlled rectifier),only applied a forward voltage and exist a trigger current will the thyristor conduct a current. Half controlled devicefamiliy:GTO: Gate Turn of

54、f thyristor IGBT: insulated gate bipolar transistor both of two need control signal to turn on and off.2）converterdc-dc: 全桥电路（如课程设计）Dc-ac: Now they are widely used in new power sources such as BatteryAS is shown in graph,when s1,s4 on,s2,s3 off,The voltage U0 is positive, when switch the s1-4,Uo Tur

55、n negative, so perform the function dc-ac, and the Frequency of ac current can be changed by controlling The switching frequency.Ac-ac: change the voltage or current of acac-dc:by changing the phase angle of the thyristors conneted in the circuit to perform the function of recitiferIn half wave rect

56、ification, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, it is very inefficient if used for power transfer. Half-wave rectification can be achieved with a single diode in a one phase sup

57、ply, or with three diodes in a three-phase supply.A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full-wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to DC (direct current), and is more efficient. However, in a circuit with a non-center tapped transformer, four diodes are required instead of the one needed for half-wave rectification. (See semiconductors, diode). Four rectifiers arranged t