大学英语2UNIT5

1、School of Continuing Education大学英语第二册网络课程大学英语第二册网络课程By School of Foreign Languages2011 Pre-reading Activities1 Text Analysis2 Expressions & Patterns3 Exercises4Pre-reading ActivitiesAlbert EinsteinAlbert Einstein is one of the theoretical physicists of alltime. He is best known for his theory of

2、 relativity, which hefirst advanced in 1905 when he was only 25. In 1921 Einsteinwon the Nobel Prize in physics for his pioneer work inphotoelectric theory. Einstein is one of the few scientists whose work has changedmans view of world. During the first half of the centuryEinstein set forth a number

3、 of theories about the physicalworld. These theories dealt with everything from the inside ofthe atoms to the farthest region of the universe. They showedthat such things as gravity, energy, matter, light, space andtime are all related.Yo-YoThe Yo-Yo is a simple toy consisting of a grooved double di

4、sk with a string about the center. The player holds the end of the string which unwinds itself as the disk is dropped. Then by a slight jerk on the string, the player causes it to wind itself, and to reel up back to the hand. The toy is said to have been originated in the Philippines, and Yo-Yo is a

5、ctually a trade-mark. WoolworthsWoolworths is a chain store in the US founded by F.W.Woolworth( 1852-1919). The original Woolworths sold itemsfor five and ten cents. Woolworths today is known as avariety store. The chain stores no longer sell items for onlyfive and ten cents, but they do offer inexp

6、ensivemerchandise for everyday use such as toothpaste, razors,sunglasses, cosmetics, school supplies, kitchen utensils, gamesand puzzles, magazines and best-selling paperbacks. The point in our story is that Einstein does not buy hisstationery at a fancy department store or at an expensivestationery

7、 store; instead he shops at Woolworths.Comprehension Questions:1. When and Where was Einstein born?2. Was he very bright in his early childhood?3. In what way did Einstein get a good education in science?4. Was his theory of relativity accepted by many scientists as soon as it was formulated?5. When

8、 did he win the Nobel Prize in physics?Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. In his early childhood he was slow to learn to talk and did not seem to be very bright. But by the time he was 14, he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks. After his graduation from a technical

9、 school in Switzerland, he went to work first as a teacher, then in a government office.Suggestions for pre-reading QsWith the pay he received, he was able to continue his education at the university of Zurich. In 1905, when he was 25, he advanced his theory of relativity. The theory was unheard of

10、and so complicated that very few scientists could understand it at that time. In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize for his work in photoelectric theory.Main ideaEinstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time. Hisideas and theories have, directly or indirectly, influencedmany areas of the wor

11、ld-science, art, and philosophy. Inspite of his great achievements and fame, he alwaysremained a simple man: he was honest and open, very easyto get along with; he lived a plain life and had simplehabits, caring very little for material well-being. Thetext, whose author is the son of a close friend

12、ofEinsteins, sheds more light on Einsteins personality.New Words modest a. 谦虚的 yo-yo n. 游游 ease n. 悠闲 display v.展示 loop vt. 把（绳等）打成环 n. 圈；环 string n. 细绳 balance n. 平衡 properly ad. 非常 impress v. 给.深刻的印象 mail v. send by post poem n. 诗 personality n. 个性 logic n. 逻辑 simplicity n. 简单 function v. work New

13、 Words intellectual a. 智力的 frustrate v. 使沮丧 frustration n. jealousy n. 妒忌 jealous a. vanity n. 虚荣心 bitterness n. 苦 resentment n. 怨恨 ambition n. 野心 ambitious a. immune a. 有免疫力的 immunity n. emotion n. strong feeling pretension n. 矫饰 correspond v. 通信New Words stationery n. 信笺 watermark n. 水印 pad n. 便笺簿

14、 razor n. 剃刀 shave vt. cut off (hair or beard) with a razor cream n. 膏状物 argue vt. 争辩 painful a. causing pain shrug v. 耸肩 finally ad. 最终 present v. 赠送 tube n. 管 beam vi. 面露喜色 beard n. 胡须 thereafter ad. After that revert vi. 回复 exclusively ad. only exclusive a. theorist n. 理论家 equation n. 方程式 slight

15、n. 微小的 application n. 应用 theory n. 理论 theoretical a. reactor n. 反应堆 atomic a. 原子的 atom n. photoelectric a. 光电的 series n. 系列;套,组 relatively ad. 相对地;比较地 relative a. New WordsNew Words relativity n. curiosity n. 好奇心 observe v. see and notice repeatedly ad. again and again dunk vt. 把.浸一浸 deduce vt. 演绎,推

16、断 deduction n. principle n. 原理;原则 flaw n. fault 缺点,瑕疵 reasoning n. 推理 pursue vt. 从事;忙于;继续 apart ad. 分离,分开 approach n. 方式,方法 solution n. 谜 fame n. (condition of) being famousNew Words profound a. 深奥的;深刻的 capable a. able capability n. household n. all the people living in a house a. familiar and commo

17、n household word n. 家喻户晓的词或名字 civilized a. 文明的 civilize vt. civilization n. fortune n. luck bewilder vt. 把.弄糊涂;使迷惑 statesman n. 政治家 housewife n. married woman who manages a householdPHRASES & EXPRESSIONS at ease: free from worry or nervousness off balance 失去平衡的 come to terms with 与.达成协议;与.妥协 as

18、far as 到.程度 mean nothing to: be of no importance to believe in: have confidence in the value of so much so that: to such an extent that a series of 一系列,一连串 take apart 拆开 work out 解决;算出;想出 capable of: having the ability, power or inclination (to do) single out 选出,挑出Text AnalysisText and AudioSeen thr

19、ough the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. The professor and the Yo-yo 1. My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einsteins home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, I have something to show you. He went to his desk a

20、nd returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldnt make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowl

21、edge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.Text and Audio 2. As boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the

22、world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to g

23、o as far as he could. 3. In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the worlds most important people, his statio

24、nery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworths.Text and Audio 4. To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used

25、only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, The razor and water do the job. 5. But Professor, why dont you try the cream just once? I argued. It makes shaving smoother and less painful.“ 6. He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving

26、cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. You know, that cream really works, he announced. It doesnt pull the beard. It feels wonderful. Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he rev

27、erted to using plain water.Text and Audio 7. Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didnt have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldnt walk down the street to see a rea

28、ctor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didnt have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible. 8. My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on

29、the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldnt. 9. The next morning he announced, I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way He began a

30、 ling explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. No, I guess thats not it, he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical appr

31、oach. He never did work out the solution.Text and AudioText and Audio 10. Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world

32、. Ive had good ideas, and so have other men, he once said. But its been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted. He was bewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could

33、 understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special. Text Translation 从一个青年朋友的眼光来看，爱因斯坦是一个简单的，谦虚普通的人。 教授与玩具悠悠教授与玩具悠悠 托马斯.李.巴基 约瑟夫.布兰克 1. 我父亲是阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦的密友。小时候有一次我去爱因斯坦家拜访时很腼腆，我感到无拘无束时他说，“我有样东西拿给你看。” 他走到书桌旁拿回来一只悠悠。他试图做给我看这种玩具怎么个玩法；但他没法使它顺着线再转上去。轮到我时，我露了几手并向他指出，绕错的线圈

34、使玩具失去了平衡。爱因斯坦点点头，对的技能和知识留下了颇深的印象。后来，我买了一只悠悠，把它作为圣诞物寄给出教授，并收到他一首表示感谢的诗。 2. 作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性惊叹不已。他是我所认识的人中唯一能跟自己及周围世界达成妥协的人。他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和单纯。他知道有许多问题的答案超出了他智力所及的范围。但这并不使他感到灰心丧气。只要在能力许可的范围内取得最大的成功他就心满意足了。 3. 在我们二十三年的友谊中，我从未见他表现妒忌、虚荣、痛苦、愤怒、怨恨或个人野心。他好像对这些感情具

35、有免疫能力似的。他毫无矫饰之心，虚荣之意。虽然他与世界上的许多要人通信，他用的却是有W水印字母的信笺，水钱字母W-五分线商店伍尔沃思的缩写。 4. 为了他的工作他只需要铅笔和纸张。物质东西的对他毫无意义。我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他从来不需要用钱。他信奉简朴，甚至于只用一把保安剃刀和水刮胡子。当我建议他用一下刮胡膏时，他说，“剃刀和水就够了。” 5. “但是，教授，为什么，你就不能仅仅试用一次刮胡膏呢？”我争辩说。“它可以让你刮起胡子来又平滑又不痛。” 6. 他耸了耸肩。 最后，我终于拿给他一管刮胡膏。第二天早上，当他下楼来用早餐时，他因为有一大新发现而高兴得满脸含笑。“你知道，那种刮胡膏还真

36、有效，”他说。“它不扯胡子，感觉好极了。” 打那以后，他每天早晨都用那管刮胡膏，直到那一管用完为止。然后他又回复到只用水刮胡子了。 7. 爱因斯坦完完全全是个理论家。他对自己思想和理论的实际应用丝毫不感兴趣。他提出的 E=mc2 也许是有史以来最著名的公式然而爱因斯坦却不愿费举中之劳去看反应堆产生原子能。他因其光电理论而获得诺贝尔奖金，他认为比较次要的一系列公式，但对于观察他的理论怎样使得电视得以产生却没有一点好奇心。 8. 我兄弟曾送给教授一个玩具，那是一只立在盛水的碗边保持平衡并把脑袋反复浸入水中的鸟。爱因斯坦高兴地注视着它，一边试图推断出它的运动原理。但是他没有。 9. 第二天早晨他宣布

37、说，“关于那只鸟我想过了，它一定是这样运转的” 他开始做起了长篇解释。后来他意识到自己推理中的一个漏洞便停了下来。“不，我相不是那么回事。”他说。他连续几天试着用各种理论来加以解释，后来我建议把玩具拆开来看看它是怎么运转的。他迅速表现出的不赞成的表情告诉我，他并不同意这种切实可行的作法。他一直没有研究出这个答案。 10. 爱因斯坦一直没能理解的另外一个谜是他自己的名望。他提出的理论都是些非常深奥的，只能使比较少的科学家感兴趣。然而他的名字却是整个文明世界中家喻户晓的词语。“我有一些很好的思想，别人也有一些很好的思想，”有一次他说。“但由于我运气好，我的思想才接受了。” 他的名望使他迷惑不解：人

38、们想去会见他。在街上陌生人盯着他看。科学家、政治家、学生和家庭主妇都给他写信。他一直不能理解为什么他会受到这种注意，为什么单单把他挑出来当作特殊人物对待。Reading Aloud and Memorizing As boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what

39、he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could. Reading A

40、lound and Memorizing In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the worlds most important people, his stationery

41、 carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworths.Expressions & PatternsLanguage Learning modestat easedisplay impress come to terms with function frustrate ambition be immune to correspond with mean nothing/everything to so much so that argue finally present beam with revert to exclusively applica

42、tion pursue take apart approach work out profound capable of fortune single outmodest a. having, showing, a not too high opinion of ones merits, abilities, etc. -The general was modest about his military career. -Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they turn to have an inner force.b) Moderate;

43、not large in size or amount -They bought a modest house in the northern suburb. -The police came to suspect the man who lived a luxurious life on a modest income. at easefree from mental stress; relaxed and comfortable. -The doctors soon made the worried patient feel at ease. -Donald was ill at ease

44、 at such a big party.display v. /n.(v.) show -The body-builder displayed his muscles through various poses. -It is fashion designers dream to display their dressed in Paris.(n.) displaying; show or exhibition -Are you interested in anything on display？ -a display of fear/ courage/ bad temper impress

45、 v.Have a strong effect on the mind or feelings of -I was deeply impressed by him. -He impressed me as a modest scholar.Press, make a mark by pressing -Yang Bailao was forced to impress his fingerprint on his daughters e to terms withaccept( sth. usu. disagreeable) as it is; reach an agreement with

46、-It has taken me a long time to come to terms with the fact that Ill never be a good writer. -It seems that the two sides will never come to terms with each other.function v./n.(v.) work -Both high and low temperature affect computers functioning.(n.) special purpose or activity of a person or a thi

47、ng -As one grows older, there is usually something wrong with body functions.frustrate v.cause to have feelings f of annoyed disappointment; defeat -He was frustrated when the girl he loved announced her marriage. -Heavy rain frustrated their plan.ambition n.strong desire for success, power, riches,

48、 etc. -His political ambition still burns. -A frustrated parent frequently has great ambitions for the child. -His ambition to become a millionaire has come true.be immune tobe free from or unaffected by -Vaccination makes people immune to smallpox. -It seems to me that few people are immune to vani

49、ty or jealousy.correspond withexchange letters with -Will you correspond with me while I am away? -We have corresponded with each other for years.Mean nothing/ everything tobe of no/ great importance or value -Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people they mean everything. -Your

50、friendship means everything to meso much so thatto such an extent that -He longed to visit Paris, so much so that he often dreamt about it. -I was worn out , so much so that I thought I would never recover.argue v.Give reasons for or against something -The Pope argued against divorce while many othe

51、rs argued for it.persuade -she was argued into accepting the award. -they argued the ailing Pope out of taking a long journey.finally ad.at last -The Red Army finally reached the end of their Long March. -The detective finally tracked down the suspect.present v.give -She presented the Queen with a b

52、ouquet on behalf of the girl students. -It is my honor to present you the token of our thanks.Beam( with)smile happily or cheerfully( because of) -Our teacher beamed with satisfaction at the prizes the students won. -The young girl beamed with joy in anticipation of the Christmas party.revert togo b

53、ack to( a former condition or habit) -The stress he felt made him revert to his old habit of smoking. -My thought reverted to my childhood days.exclusively ad.only, completely -Eton College is an exclusive male public school in Britain. -The report was written exclusively for the countrys top leader

54、s.application n.Putting to practical use -Researchers now pay more attention to their research outcome.Making of a request -Why was my application for visa rejected? -They signed the application for grants.pursue v.Work at; be busy with -John will pursue graduate studies after obtaining his B.A. deg

55、ree.Go after -It is illegal for hunters to pursue extremely young animals. -How the police pursued the criminals was broadcast live on TV. Take apartseparate into parts -The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car. -Nick took apart the clock and spread the bits all over the carp

56、et.approach n./v.(n.) method of doing sth. -It is up to the manager to decide which approach to the problem is more cost effective. way; path -All approaches to the park were blocked after the explosion. coming near( to) -The squirrel jumped away at our approach. -The pop star is easy/ difficult of

57、approach.(v.) come near( to) -As night approaches, nightingales start singing. -Hush! I heard someone approaching.work outsolve, find the answer to -John worked out his math problems all by himself. -You seemed to have the problem nicely worked found a.deep; needing much thought or study to u

58、nderstand. -Philosophy is profound and beyond the reach of ordinary people. -The Bermuda Triangle holds one of the worlds most profound mysteries.Capable ofhaving the ability or power for -He is capable of doing such a difficult job. -I didnt expect him to be capable of such mean things. -This compu

59、ter is capable of storing millions of bits of information.fortune(1) luck -He considers it his good fortune to win her love. -The young son went out west to try his fortune. (2) wealth -He came into a fortune when he was 18. -There is a story on todays newspaper about how he made his fortune.Single

60、outseparate or choose from a group for special treatment or notice -All of us did a good job but the teacher singled him out for praise. -He considered it an honor to have been singled out to represent the school on the celebration ceremony.ExercisesWords to Drill ambition capable fortune modest puzzle application