in favor of capital punishment

1、In Favor of In Favor of Capital Capital PunishmentPunishment Jacques Jacques Barzun Barzun 史琼琼1)Improving students ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2)Cultivating students ability to make a creative reading;3)Enhancing students ability to appreciate the text from differe

2、nt perspectives;Born in Born in 19071907in in France France D Died in 2012 ied in 2012 （104104）American American cultural cultural historian historian and a and a professor professor of history of history at Columbia at Columbia UniversityUniversityIn 1923 he graduated In 1923 he graduated from Colu

3、mbia from Columbia College then worked as a College then worked as a teacher here, teacher here, and he has and he has been a professor of history been a professor of history at the school from 1945 to 1975, and at the school from 1945 to 1975, and served as served as provostprovost教务长教务长and deanand

4、 dean院长院长. . During Columbia University, he held a During Columbia University, he held a number of seminars to discuss what number of seminars to discuss what books are important. books are important. Barzun Barzun has twice has twice won the American Institute of Arts and won the American Institute

5、 of Arts and Literature Critics Award, and twice Literature Critics Award, and twice served as chairman of the Association. served as chairman of the Association. He published over 40 books, won the American Presidential Medal of Freedom, and was knighted into the French Legion of Honor. Darwin, Mar

6、x, Wagner 达尔文、马克思、瓦格纳Berlioz and Romantic Century 柏辽兹和浪漫世纪 American Teacher 美国教师The house of intellect智性之家Jacques Barzun continued to write on education and cultural history after retiring from Columbia. At 84 years of age, he began writing his swan songswan song, to which he devoted the better part

7、 of the 1990s. The resulting book of more than 800 pages, From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present, reveals a vast erudition and brilliance undimmed by advanced age. Historians, literary critics, and popular reviewers all lauded From Dawn to Decadence as a swee

8、ping and powerful survey of modern Western history, and it became a New York Times bestseller.breaking wheelbreaking wheel 轮刑轮刑boiling to deathboiling to death flayingflaying 剥皮剥皮slow slicing slow slicing 凌迟凌迟disembowelment disembowelment ,disimbaul 取取出内脏出内脏dismemberment dismemberment 肢解肢解crucifixio

9、n kru:scrucifixion kru:sffk knn在十字架上钉在十字架上钉死死impalementimpalement钉在尖桩上钉在尖桩上crushing crushing 踏刑踏刑(including crushing by (including crushing by elephant)elephant)stoningstoning石刑石刑 burningburning火刑火刑decapitationdecapitation：di,kpiteidi,kpiteinn斩首斩首, ,杀头杀头, ,blowing from a gunblowing from a gun施以炮刑施以炮

10、刑( (英帝国主义统英帝国主义统治印度时对印度人民所施的酷刑治印度时对印度人民所施的酷刑, ,把人绑在炮把人绑在炮口口, ,然后开炮把人打死然后开炮把人打死) ) Blue: Abolishedforalloffenses45%Green:Abolishedforalloffensesexceptunderspecialcircumstances废除非特殊时期罪行的死刑（特殊时期包括战时等）Orange: Retain,thoughnotusedforatleast10years Red: Retaindeathpenalty保留死刑34%1.This essay is a rather fo

11、rmal piece of argumentation ,addressed to learned and professional people.2.In this essay, the writer mainly tries to convince his readers through facts and logical reasoning instead of appealing to their emotions.3.The thesis stated in the title of the essay: In favor of capital punishment ,while w

12、hole essay is unified by “ the sanctity of human life ”,which is the heart of this controversial issue.The authors argument: Since so many ordinary peoples lives are deprived by the criminals, where does the sanctity of life begin?4. Weakness: Many abstract terms in essay remain undefined and vague

13、,like “the moral basis of civilization”,“free society”,etc.1) Smooth and polish2) Convincing and formal3) Use of many learned, and specialized termsmetaphor metaphor simile simile ellipsis ellipsis transferred epithet transferred epithet metonymy metonymy euphemism Parallelism euphemism Parallelism

14、Parallelism Parallelism “ I am asked”“ I am told” “ I am invited”Part1(1-2): Part1(1-2): Introduction: Introduction: admitting that many people of much talent and enlightened goodwill are abolitionists.Part2(3)Part2(3)：explains the organization of this explains the organization of this essay.essay.

15、The author states that he could be convinced to abolish capital punishment on the condition that:1) Some fallacies and frivolities in the abolitionist argument are disposed of;2) The difficulties should be overcome instead of being ignored;3) The safeguards could be found to really meet the difficulties;Part3Part3（Para.4-5Para.4-5）：）：lists the four main arguments advanced against the death penalty by the abolitionists.Part4(6-19):Part4(6-19):disposes of the fallacies and frivolities of the abolitionists.Par