现在完成时讲解(1)

1、语法练习课语法练习课 1.She works in a factory. 2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They held a sports meeting last week. 5.Are you doing your homework ?过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时不同时间发生的动作，动词要用不同形式不同时间发生的动作，动词要用不同形式名称名称时间时间 动词形式动词形式一般现在时

2、一般现在时平时，经常平时，经常现在进行时现在进行时正在进行正在进行一般将来时一般将来时即将，计划即将，计划 1.will/shall+v原形原形2.am/is/are going to +v原形原形一般过去时一般过去时过去（与现过去（与现在无关）在无关）1.v-ed（规则动词）（规则动词）2.不规则动词不规则动词过去进行时过去进行时过去某一时过去某一时间，在进行间，在进行was/were+v-ing1.v原形原形 2. v三单三单am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v原形原形2.be going to +v原形原形3.be+ving 4 be about to + v原形原

3、形1.v-ed（规则动词）（规则动词）2.不规则动词不规则动词was/were+v-ing现在完成时现在完成时 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone -Someone has turnedhas turned off the light. off the light.

4、(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)- Are you free?-I -I have finishedhave finished my homework. I am free my homework. I am free( (我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for

5、more than ten years. ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态. .常与常与since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时一段时

6、间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果影响或结果。 2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的现在的动作或状态动作或状态, , 2.现在完成时动词构成现在完成时动词构成: have / has + v 过去分词过去分词 助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt疑问疑问Have you?Has he?I, finish, homeworkI havent finished my homework.Have you finished your homewo

7、rk?Yes, I have. / No, I havent.I have finished my homework.练习造句练习造句陈述句陈述句否定句否定句一般疑问句及回答一般疑问句及回答按要求改变句子。1. She has done her homework. (改否定句)2. She has already told us the news. (改否定句)3. The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句)4. I have waited here for two hours. (划线提问)5.He has lived in ShangHai since h

8、e left Beijing. (划线提问)6. They have bought a new car, _ _? (反义疑问句) 7. She has learned French since 2002. (同意句) She has learned French _ 2 years. She has learned French _ 2 years _. She hasnt done her homework. She hasnt told us the news yet. Has the rain stopped yet?How long have you waited here ?hav

9、ent they forsinceagoWhere has he lived since he left Beijing? 常用于现在完成时的时间副词常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词介词:already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不) I have never seen him .

10、before(以前) Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达多久时间) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目

11、前为止)现在完成时现在完成时尤其注意常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+ 时间段since+时间点 , since+ 过去式句子，since+时间段+agosince: (自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点 从五点开始他就一直呆在这里从五点开始他就一直呆在这里。He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间段时间段+ ago 从五小时前他就开始一直呆在这里从五小时前他就开始一直呆在这里。He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句 自从他来到这里后就开始教英语自从他

12、来到这里后就开始教英语。She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达） for+ 时间段时间段 他拥有这本书两个月了他拥有这本书两个月了。 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词 2)延续动词 瞬间动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy注意注意: 瞬间动词不能和瞬间动词不能和时间段时间段连用连用. method 1: 动作动作状态状态

13、die be over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join marrykeep/had be away be here be on(上演） be married be in be dead他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了. His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. I h

14、ave had/kept the book for 4 months. method 2: It is + 时间段 since +一般过去时的句子.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 短暂性短暂性动词与时间

15、段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：等。等。在完成式中表述这种意思在完成式中表述这种意思, ,我们常用相我们常用相应的应的来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。四四. become become be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here

16、/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一

17、年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watc

18、h forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从

19、六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. si

20、nce 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW五五.have been 与与have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了

21、去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段呆在某处一段时间了时间了”1. HasHas she ever she ever been tobeen to Nanjing? Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？ 2.You You have have nevernever beenbeen there, have you? there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ 3.I I have been tohave been

22、 to Guiling ,I went there Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。 4.She She has gone tohas gone to Nanjing. Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。 六六.与一般过去时的用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系动作和事情与现在没有关系。 eg：He has bought

23、 an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了

24、一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典” ” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。二时间状语的区别：二时间状语的区别： 当有一个表示当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 现在完成时现在完成时总是与现在完成时现在完成时总是与since+since+时间时间点

25、，点，for +for +时间段连用。时间段连用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in

26、 the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its

27、 five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum i

28、s not at home now. she _ the shop.shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Wher

29、e is Peter? I dont know where he _._.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent clean

30、ed 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several tim

31、es. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studyin

32、g for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the me

33、eting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts 改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.st

34、udiedkeptbeengonebeen1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？5 Have you seen this movie yet?1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already h

35、ad lunch.34Translate them into English. 1.你以前做过风筝吗? 2. 我从来没有见过这么奇怪的人3. 到现在你学了多少英语单词?4. 这部电影他已经看过5遍了. 5. 最近有没有读一些有趣的书?6 . 在过去几天里, 你吃了什么?7. 自从她搬到上海以后, 我就没见过她. Have you made a kite before ? Ive never seen such a strange man. How many English words have you learned so far?He has already seen this film 5

36、 times. Hare you read any interesting books recently ? What have you eaten in the past several days? I havent met her since she moved to Shanghai . 动词以及过去式和过去分词。 1.be- e 3.go- 4.do 5.have- 6.drink 7.give- 8. eat 9.know- 10.make 11.run- 12.say 13.see- 14.find 15.draw- 16.get 17.hear- 18.begin 19.buy-

37、 20.leavewas/were -beencame-comewent-gonedid-donehad-haddrank-drunkgave-givenate-eatenknew-knownmade-maderan-runsaid-saidsaw-seenfound-founddrew-drawngot-gotheard-heardbegan-begunbought-boughtleft-left写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词1 become_-_2 break_-_3 bring _-_4 build_-_5 bite_-_6 catch_-_7 choose

38、_-_8 cut_-_9 fall_-_10 fly_-_11 forget_-_12 grow_-_13 hit_-_14 hurt_-_15 keep_-_16 lend_-_17 lose_-_18 meet_-_19 put_-_20read_-_21 ring_-_became becomebroke brokenbrought broughtbuilt builtbit bitcaught caughtchose chosencut cutfell fallenflew flownforgot forgottengrew grownhit hithurt hurtkept kept

39、lent lentlost lostmet metput putread readrang rung写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词。1 leave -_-_2 catch-_-_3 tell-_-_4 stand-_-_5 get-_-_6 hurt-_-_7 put-_-_8 come-_-_9 run-_-_10 begin-_-_11 swim-_-_12 draw-_-_13 know-_-_14 do-_-_15 go-_-_16 give-_-_17 see-_-_18 drive-_-_19 take-_-_20 be-_-_21 eat-_-_22 write-_-_23 sp

40、eak-_-_24 steal-_-_25 tear-_-_ left left caught caught told told stood stood got got hurt hurt put put came come ran run began begun swam swum drew drawn knew known did done went gone gave given saw seen drove driven took taken was,were been ate eaten wrote written spoke spoken stole stolen tore tor

41、n1.The English professor arrived here about a week ago The English professor _ _ here for about a week .2.Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago . Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours .3.The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here . The French musician

42、 _ _ _ China for a month .4.He joined the army in 1985 . He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 .5.He joined the League half a year ago . He has been a League _ _ half a year . 改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。has beenhas workedhas been in has been in sincemember for 6.The bus left five minutes ago . The bus _ already _ _ for

43、five minutes .7.The girl bought a new school bag in September . The girl _ _ the school bag since September .8. The shop closed last winter . The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago . The film _ _ _ for ten minutes .10. The dog died two days ago . The dog _ _ _ for two days . 11. The meeting ended last month . The meeting _ _ _ for a month . has been away has hadhas been closed has been on has been deadhas been over Learning more about present perfect tense.1 A: Where is your father? S