2013年12月大学英语四级仔细阅读习题

1、2013年12月大学英语四级仔细阅读习题(一)Judgi ng from rece nt surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病)of sleep in ess in the n ati on.“ Ican't think of a sin gle study that has n't found America ns gett ing less sleep than they ought to, ” says Dr. David. Even pe

2、ople who think they are sleep ing eno ugh would probably be better off with more rest.The beg inning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足)crisis can betraced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. Fromdiary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientistshaverea

3、ched the con clusi on that the average pers on used to sleep about 9.5 hours anight.“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we hadnothing to do in the evening down on t he farm, and it was dark. ” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had bee n reduced dramatically, to between 7.5

4、and eight hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock.“ People cheat on their sleep,a nd they don't eve n realize they're doing it, ” says Dr. David. "They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally v

5、igorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whe never pressures from work,family, frie nds and com mun ity mount, many people con sider sleep the least expe nsive item on his programme. 'In our society, you're considered dynamic if

6、you say you only n eed 5.5 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambiti on."To determ ine the con seque nces of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performa nee tests requiri ng them, for in sta nee, to a

7、dd colu mns of nu mbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performa nee suffers," says Dr. David.“ Short-term memory is weake ned,as are abilities to make decisi ons and to concen trate.”1. People in the 18th and 19t

8、h centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a ni ght because theyhad.A) no drive and ambiti on B) no electric lighti ngC) the best sleep habits D)nothing to do in the eve ning2. Accord ing to Dr. David, America ns.A) are ideally vigorous eve n un der the pressure of lifeB) of ienn eglect the con seque

9、 nces of sleep deficitC) do not know how to relax themselves properlyD) can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep3. Many America ns believe that.A) sleep is the first thi ng that can be sacrificed whe n one is busyB) they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC) to sleep is someth ing

10、 one can do at any time of the dayD) eno ugh sleep promotes people's drive and ambiti on4. The word “subjects ” (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to.A) the performa nee tests used in the study of sleep deficitB) special bran ehes of kno wledge that are being studiedC) people whose behavior or reacti ons

11、are being studiedD) the psychological con seque nces of sleep deficit5. It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as manyhours as is n ecessary to.A) improve on e's memory dramaticallyB) be con sidered dyn amic by other peopleC) mai ntai n on e's daily scheduleD) feel energe

12、tic and perform adequately2013年12月大学英语四级仔细阅读习题(二)We find that brightchildrenare rarely held back by mixed-abilityteach ing.On the con trary,both theirkno wledge and experie neeareenriched. Wefeel thatthere are manydisadvantages in streaming(把按能力分班)pupils. It does not take into acco unt the fact that

13、 childre n develop at differe nt rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the no t-so-bright child. After all, itca n be quite discouragi ng to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather un real tograde people just accord ing to their in tellectual ability. This iso nly on

14、e aspect of their totalpers on ality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to thefull, not just their academic ability. We also value personalqualitiesan dsocial skills, and we find that mixed-abilityteachi ng con tributestoall theseaspects of lear ning.In our classrooms, we w

15、ork in various ways. The pupils ofte n work in groups: this gives them the opport uni tytolear n to co-operate, to share,and to develop leadership skills. They alsolearn how to cope with personal problems as well as lear ning how to thi nk, tomake decisi ons, to an alyse and evaluate, and to com mun

16、i cate effectively. Thepupils lear n from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on in dividual tasks and assignments, and they can dothis at their own speed. They also have someformal class teach ing whe n this isappropriate.Ween courage ourpu

17、pils to use the library, and we teach them theskills they need in order to do this efficie ntly. An adva need pupil can doadva need work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupilsto do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement toattain this goal.1. In the

18、 passage the author's attitude towards"mixed-ability teach in g" is.A) critical B)questi oningC) appro ving D)objective2. By "held back" (Li ne I) the authormea ns.A) made to rema in in the same classesB) forced to study in the lower classesC) draw n to their studiesD) preve

19、nted from adva ncing3. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the developme nt of thestude nt's.A) pers onal qualities and social skillsB) total pers on alityC) learni ng ability and com muni cative skillsD) in tellectual ability4. Which of the followi ng is NOT MENTIONED

20、 in thethird paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opport unity tolear n to work together with others.B) Pupils also lear n to develop their reas onin gabilities.C) Group work provides pupils with theopport unity to lear n to be capable orga ni zers.D) Pupils also lear n how to participate in tea

21、ch ing activities.5. The author's purpose in writi ng this passage isto.A) argue for teachi ng bright andno t-so-bright pupils in the sameclassB) recomme nd pair work and group work forclassroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use of thelibraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriatefo

22、rmal classroom teaching2013年12月大学英语四级仔细阅读习题(三)What has theteleph one done to us, or for us, in the hun dred years of its existe nee? A feweffects suggest themselves at on ce. It has saved lives by gett ing rapid word ofill ness, injury, or fire from remote places. By joining with the elevator tomake

23、 possible the multi-story reside nee or office building, it has madepossible for better or worse - the modencity. By bringing about a great leap in the speed and ease with which in formati on moves from place to place, it hasgreatly accelerated the rate of scie ntific and tech no logicalcha nges and

24、 growth in in dustry.Beyond doubtit has seriously weakenedif not killed the ancientart of letter writing. It has made liv ing alone possible for pers ons with no rmal social impulses (冲动);by so doin g, it has played a role in one of thegreatest social changes of this century, the breakup of the mult

25、i-generationalhousehold.It has made the war chilli ngly more efficie nt tha n formerly.Perhaps, though not provably, it has preve nted wars that might have arise n outof in tematio nal misun dersta nding caused by writte n com muni cati on.Orperhapsaga in not provably by magnifying (扩 大) and exte nd

26、in girrati onal pers onal con flicts based on voice con tact, it hascaused wars.Certainlyit has extended the scope of humaneonflicts,sinceit impartially (不偏不倚)disseminates ( 传播)the useful knowledge ofscie ntistsan dthe nonsense of the ignorant, the affect ionof theaffecti on ate and the malice ( 恶意)

27、of the malicious.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A) Theteleph one has helped to save people from ill ness and fire.B) Theteleph one has helped to preve nt wars and con flicts.C) Theteleph one has made the moder n city n either better nor worse.D) Theteleph one has had positive as well as n

28、egative effects on us.2. Accord ing to the passage, it is the telepho nethat.A) has madeletter writi ng an artB) haspreve nted wars by avoid ing writte n com muni catio nC) has madethe world differe nt from what it wasD) hascaused wars by magnifying and exte nding huma n con flicts3. The teleph oneh

29、as inten sifiedcon flictsamong people becauseA) iti ncreases the dan ger of warB) itprovides services to both the good and the maliciousC) it makesdista nt com muni cati on easierD) it breaksup the multi-ge nerati onal household4. The author describes thetelephone as impartial because it .A) savesli

30、ves of people in remote placesB) en ablespeople to live alone if they want toC) spreadsboth love and ill willD) replacesmuch writte n com muni catio n5. The writer's attitudetowards the use of the teleph one isA) affecti on ate B)disappro vingC) approving D)neutralIt is hard to predict howsciene

31、e is going to turn out, and if it is really good scie nee it is impossibleto predict. If the thi ngs to be found are actually n ew, they are by defi niti onunknown in adva nee. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either havescie nee or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to acc

32、ept thesurprisingand disturbing pieces ofin formati on, along with the n eat an dpromptly useful bits.The only solid piece ofscie ntific truth about which I feel totallyeon fide nt is that weare profo un dlyig norant about n ature. In deed, I regard this as the major discovery of the pasthu ndred ye

33、ars of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating(启发)piece of news.It would have amazed thebrightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动)to be toldbyany of us how little we know and how bewildering (迷惑)seems thewayahead. It is this sudden confrontation (对抗)with the depth andscopeof ignora

34、nce that represe nts the most sig nifica nt eon tributi on of the 20th een turyscie nee to the huma n in tellect. I n earlier times, weeither prete nded toun dersta nd how thi ngs worked or ignored the problem, or simply madeup storiesto fill the gaps. Nowthat we have begun exploring in earnest, we

35、are gettingglimpsesof how huge the questions are, and howfar from being an swered.Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you aretotally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in somedetail the realityofignorance, the worst spots and here and therethe no t-so-bad spots, bu

36、t no truelight at the end of the tunnel nor eve n any tunn els that can yet be trusted.But we are making abeginning, and there ought to be somesatisfaction. There are probably no questi ons we can thi nk up that can't be an swered, sooner or later, i nclud in geve n the matter of con scious ness

37、. To be sure, there may well be questions wecan't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of huma n in tellect, butthat is ano ther matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our waythrough to all our an swers, if we keep at it long eno ugh, and pay atte nti on.1. Accord ing

38、to the author, really good scienee.A) wouldsurprise the brightest minds of the 18th cen tury En lighte nmentB) willproduce results which cannot be foresee nC) will helppeople to make the right choice in adva neeD) willbri ng about disturb ing results2. It can be in ferred from the passage thatscie n

39、tists of the 18th cen tury .A) thought that they knew a great deal an dcould solve most problems of scie neeB) wereafraid of facing up to the realities of scie ntific researchC) knew thatthey were ignorant and wan ted to know more about n atureD) did moreharm than good in promoting man's underst

40、anding of nature3. Which of thefollowi ng statemcnts is NOT true of scie ntists in earlier times?A) They inven ted false theories to expla inthings they did n'tun dersta nd.B) Theyfalsely claimed to know all about n ature.C) They did not believe in results from scie ntific observati on.D) They p

41、aidlittle atte nti on to the problems they did n't un dersta nd.4. What is theauthor's attitude towards scie nee?A) He isdepressed because of the ignorance of scie ntists.B) Heisdoubtful because of the enormous difficultiesconfronting it.C) He is con fide ntthough he is aware of the eno rmou

42、s difficulties confron ti ng it.D) He is delighted because of theillu min at ing scie ntific findin gs.5. The authorbelieves that.A) man canfind soluti ons to whatever questi ons concerning n ature he can think upB) man can not solve all the problems he can thi nk up because of the limits of huma n

43、in tellectC) sooner or later mancanthink up all the questions concerning nature and an swer themD) questions concerningconsciousness are outside the scope of scientific research1. B答案见第2段第1句。18、19世纪的时候，首先是因为没有电灯照明， 所以人们晚上才无事可做，只好早早睡觉。而不是D项所说，是由于无事可做才 多睡。2. B全篇多处提到Dr.David的看法，在文中找到有Dr.David说话的地方, 综合比较一下，不难看出Dr.David认为美国人经常忽视睡眠不足的后果。3. A答案见第2段倒数第1、2句和第3段第1、2句。4. C最后一段一开始就讲，为了确定睡眠不足所产生的后果，研究人员让 subjects通过一系列心理和行为的测试，要求他们把一栏数字相加或者回忆刚 读过的文章。这样看来，subjects应该是指人了。5. D推理题，依据见本文最后两句话。其实，也只有D项才把睡眠充足所带来的好处