高中英语非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词 语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词to doV- ingV-ingV-edStructure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定否定): not to doPassive voice:动词不定式动词不定式句法成分句法成分To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a

2、 house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补(1). 主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,常用常用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is + adj.+ (for/of sb) to do sth.For: important、possible、nec

3、essaryOf : kind、clever、lazy、stupid、honestIt is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night注：单个不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。注：单个不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took t

4、wo years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2). 表语表语 PredicativeMy jobYour task _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offe

5、r, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式宾语形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + ad

6、j.+ to do 巩固练习2 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀： 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事同

7、意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用来做被用来做 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补宾补 Complementallow, cause, ask, advise, expec

8、t, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to do 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：诀： 请求与命令请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫允许提醒和帮助请求与命令请求与命令 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事想要邀请期待鼓励与

9、建议想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事告诫某人做某事 allow

10、 sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三让让 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: 省略省略to的情况的情况:vhad better （not）do sth. 最好最好(不不)做做vwhy not /why dont you do sth为

11、什么不为什么不做做?v help sb.（to）do sthv Would rather宁愿做宁愿做v would you please情态动词情态动词+do助动词助动词+do区分下列词组区分下列词组:see sb. doing/ do sth.hear sb. doing/ do sth.watch sb. doing/ do sth.notice sb. doing/ do sth.感官动词感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。表示动作的进行性

12、。注意：被动语态中不能省去注意：被动语态中不能省去to。I made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work特殊词精讲特殊词精讲:stop doing/to dostop to do停下来去做另一件事，停下来去做

13、另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke.我必须戒烟了我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.forget to do忘记要去做某事，忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关没有做关灯的动作灯的动作The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）他忘记他

14、已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. forget doing/to do remember doing/to doremember to do 记得去做某事记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。记着放学后去趟邮局。Remember to go to the post office after school. 你不记得以前见过那个人吗你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dont you remember seeing the man before?go on doing/to dogo on t

15、o do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.try doing/ to do sth.try to do sth. 努力努力, 尽力做某事尽力做某

16、事Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .try doing sth. 试着做某事试着做某事The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.(5). 定语定语 Attributive 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的n/pron后，与所修饰后，与所修饰n词有如下关系：词有如下关系：1、动宾关系动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.2、同位关系同位关系(说明所修饰名词的内容说明所修饰名词的内容)：We have made a pl

17、an to finish the work.3、主谓关系主谓关系(被修饰被修饰n是不定式逻辑主语是不定式逻辑主语)：He is the first to get here.4、如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词、如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.He is looking for_. (一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _

18、.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry about（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live inI came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果(往往是与预

19、期愿望相反的结果往往是与预期愿望相反的结果)This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.4.表程度表程度Its too dark for us to see anything.(7)作独立成分作独立成分To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A.

20、To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.1. 作主语作主语2. 作表语作表语3. 作宾语作宾语4. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5. 作定语作定语6. 作状语作状语小结：在句中承担的成分小结：在句中承担的成分Tense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-一般式一般式 to

21、do to be done(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式一般式: :表示与谓语的动作同时表示与谓语的动作同时/ /发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)( (进行式：在谓语动词发生的同时进行式：在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正不定式的动作也正在进行在进行) )( (完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).She is known to have bee

22、n working on the problem for many years.( (完成进行时：表示动作在谓语动作之前已经开始，完成进行时：表示动作在谓语动作之前已经开始，并一直进行到那个时候并一直进行到那个时候) )1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to

23、 be told C. to be telling D. to have been told巩固练习33. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weav

24、ing D. to weave注意注意 1.动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.比较：动词不定式与谓语动词的否定在含义上的比较：动词不定式与谓语动词的否定在含义上的区别区别 I asked him not to tell lies.我叫他不要撒谎。我叫他不要撒谎。I dont ask him to tell lies. 我没有叫他撒谎。我没有叫他撒谎。who, which, when, how,

25、what,whom,whether who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.单个单个疑问词疑问词+to do谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是

26、什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.( (表语表语) )2. 疑问词疑问词+to do : 主、宾、表主、宾、表在动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语或在形容词在动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语或在形容词后的情况时，为避免行文重复，常省略动词不后的情况时，为避免行文重复，常省略动词不定式，但必须保留不定式的小品词定式，但必须保留不定式的小品词to, 如果不如果不定式含定式含 to be 和和 to have done时，则必须保时，则必须保留留to be 和和 to have； 如果不定式为否定式时，如果不定式为否定式时， 则用则用not to.

27、动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略1.I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.2.will you join in the game? -Id be glad to.3.are you a sailor? -no, but I used to be.4.he hasnt finished it yet. -well, he ought to have.5.shall I go instead of him? -I prefer not to. (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动

28、词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.3.不定式作表语，如果主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to.All he can do is (to) wait.(不定式作主语）What he can do is (to) wait. (what

29、引导的主语从句）1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to巩固练习4 do nothing but do sth have nothing to do but do sth. There is

30、 nothing to do but do sth无事可做，只有做无事可做，只有做Cant help but do 不得不做不得不做I cant help but hope that they will succeed.Cant but do 只好做只好做禁不住做禁不住做I cant but wonder what will happen.4.不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那那么介词后的不定式不带么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带相反则带to.v(1). She coul

31、d do nothing but _ .(cry)v(2). I have no choice but_. (go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleep不定式的主动表示被动1.不定式与前面被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，又与句子的主语或宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：I have got a letter to post.( I will post the letter.)I have got a letter to be posted. (someone else will post the letter.)对

32、比：对比：Have you anything to take to the city? 你带什么东西进城？你带什么东西进城？ Have you anything to be taken to the city? 你有什么东西要带到城里去吗？你有什么东西要带到城里去吗？2. 不定式作表语形容词的状语时，且和主语构成逻辑上不定式作表语形容词的状语时，且和主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动表示被动，可以理解为省去的动宾关系，不定式用主动表示被动，可以理解为省去了了”for sb.”. The question is difficult to answer.( The question is di

33、fficult for us to answer.) Adj: nice easyfitharddifficultimportantimpossible pleasantinteresting ,etc.3.在在tooto结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动表被动。用主动表被动。This book is too expensive for me to buy. 4. 在在there be 句型中，当不定式作定语修饰主语时，句型中，当不定式作定语修饰主语时，重点在人，用重点在人，用 主动式，用被动式作定语，重点在物。主动式，用被动式作定语，重点在物。

34、There is no time to lose( to be lost).用用to lose可看成可看成for us to lose.用用to be lost .谁谁lost time 不明确。不明确。5. 在在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常用主动表主动。结构中的一些不定式通常用主动表主动。然而，由于古英语影响，下列动词然而，由于古英语影响，下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用等仍用主动表被动。主动表被动。The house is to let.The reason is not far to seek.You are to blame for the accident.W

35、ith so many problems to solve, the newly elected president will be very busy在在with复合结构中，不定式与前面的复合结构中，不定式与前面的n具有具有动宾关系，与主语具有主谓关系，不定式用动宾关系，与主语具有主谓关系，不定式用主动表被动，且在这里表示未完成的动作。主动表被动，且在这里表示未完成的动作。.注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to le

36、ave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize, know用在用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be se

37、en, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morningvhad better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好

38、（不）做某事vWhy (not) do sth.?vprefer to do/prefer doingvprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bvprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bvwould rather (not) do sth.vwould rather do A than (do) Bvwould rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式）v （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做 (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his t

39、eaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 1. (ME

40、T92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She cant help _ the hous

41、e because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海上海14) to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont

42、know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but i

43、t remains _ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10.The l

44、ight in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Ive worked with children before, s

45、o I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to makeAssignment:1.Re

46、view what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do all the exercise in the paper. My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered

47、 _ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The lig

48、ht in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, mad

49、eC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it imposs

50、ible for the work _ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night. To make B. MadeC.

51、Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to s

52、tudy C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. H

53、aving a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6

54、. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C.

55、 to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last

56、 night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be

57、 taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to makeGerund一一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. 时态和语态时态和语态

58、makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语三三. V-ing在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作定语作定语4. 作表语作表语Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is believing. e.g. -What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match. Having been lost B. Los

59、t C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.v类似的还有：vIt is no good doing sth.vIt is no use doing sth.I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside

60、 the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语: Vt. Prep.+doing下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。等。如:1） 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴. The gi