2012年北京高考英语试题及答案

1、2012 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（ 北京卷 ）本试卷共 16 页，共 150 分，考试时长 120 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试 卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节， 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A 、 B 、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。例： What is the man going to read?A. A new

2、spaperB. A magazineC. A book 答案是 A 。1. Who answered the phone ？C. TomC. IndianC.8:50amC. Tennis courtC. SunnyA. MikeB. Henry2. What s the woman s favourite food?A. Italian.B. Chinese.3. When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?A. 5:18am.B.6:10am4. What is the woman looking for?A. ZooB. Telephone

3、5. What will the weather be like at the weekend?A. Cloudy.B. Snowy.第二节（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）听下面 4 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A 、 B 、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后， 每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。6. Where are the two speakers?C. In a restaurantC. $140C. Visited

4、a friendC. Go to a danceA. In the hotelB In a shop7. How much did the man pay in the end?A. $115. B. $130听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。8. What did the man do last weekend?A. Watched TV. B. Stayed at home.9. What will the woman probably do this weekend?A. Play tennis.B. Do some shopping 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. W

5、here are the new houses?A. On the main road.B. Close to a bus stati on.C. Near the sports cen ter.11. What does the woma n like most about the new houses?A. The garde n.B. The space.C. The quiet ness12. How does the man feel about the woman s suggestion?A. Delighted.B. Disappo in ted.C. Unin tereste

6、d.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。13. What can t the students do without a teacher?A. Hold parties.B. Complete the Safety Sheet.C. Use any emerge ncy equipme nt.14. Why are the stude nts asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?A. It may catch fireB. It may cover their eyes.C. It may pass chemicals to their f

7、aces.15. What is the speech mainly about?A. Laboratory regulatio ns.B. Safety in struct ions.C. After-class activities.第三节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面的一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。Teleph one Can cellati on Request FormAcco unt NameEdward 16Teleph one No.17Home

8、 Phone Pla nNonrefundable（不退款）18 pre-paid planReas on for Can cellati on19 houseCan cellati on Date Required209, by 5:00 pm第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。例: It s so nice to hear from her again , we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Wh

9、at s moreB. That s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。21. Look at those clouds!Dont worry.it rains, we ll still have a great time.A. Even ifB.As thoughC. In caseD. If only22. By the time you have fini shed this book, your mealcold.A. getsB. has gotC. will getD.is gett ing23. One lear ns

10、 a Ian guage by making mistakes andthem.A. correctsB. correctC.to correctD. correct ing24. Jerry did not regret givi ng the comme nt but felthe could have expressed itdiffere ntly.A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether25. George said that he would come to school to see me the n ext day, but he.A. wouldn tB.

11、didn tC. hasn tD. hadn t26. When deeply absorbed in work,he often was , he would forget all about eatingor sleep ing.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. whe n27.with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. UseB. Usi ngC. Used28. Many people have don ated that type of blood; however, the bloodA. someB. lessC.

12、 muchD. To usebank n eedsD. more29. Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes, fortun ately no one.C. has hurtD. had bee n hurtA. hurtB. was hurt30. Our frien dshipquickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developedB. was develop ingC. would developD. developedD. To kn ock31. at the door be

13、fore you en ter my room, please.33. WeA. Kno ckB. Kn ocki ngC. Kn ockedIthe difficulty together, but why didn t you tell me?A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced34. Do you think this shirt is too tightthe shoulders?A. atB. onC. toD. across35. Don t handle the vase as if it

14、made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has bee nD. had bee n第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In spirati on“ Mama, when I grow up, Imgoing to be one of those! ” I said this after seeingtheCapital Dancing Compa ny perform whe n I was three. It was the first time th

15、at my _36_took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my in terests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girl s dream of someday becoming a _ 39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I re

16、ceived the phone call which made that dream a_40= ; Ibecame a member of the compa ny _41 _back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely _42 _ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43 I was halfway through rehearsals （排练）on my firstday. I never actually _

17、44_ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shak ing with exciteme nt.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to _47_

18、 up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme48 to detail （ 纟田节）and stress on practice that set us _49_. To then follow those high-e nergy rehearsals _50a busy show schedule of up to five performa nces a day, Idiscovered a new _51_ of the words “ hardwork. ” WhatI th

19、ought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performa nee better tha n the last.Today, whe n I look at the un believable compa ny that I have the great _54_ of bei ng a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance capta in, I see a _55_ that has i

20、n spired not only gen erati ons of little girls but a sple ndid compa ny that continues to develop and grow-a nd in spires people every day to follow their dreams.The Basics of MathMade Clear36.A.hobbyB. pla nC. dreamD. word37.A conn ectedB.expandedC. exposedD. exte nded38.A. rarelyB. certai nlyC. p

21、robablyD. con siste ntly39.A. directorB. trainerC. leaderD. dancer40.A. symbolB. memoryC. truthD. reality41.A. bouncingB. dat ingC. turni ngD. track ing42.A. lacksB.addsC. makesD. brings43.A. whileB. sinceC. un tilD. whe n44.A. CaredB. ExpectedC. AskedD. Decided45.A. motivatedB. relaxedC. convin ced

22、D. ast oni shed46.A. challe ngesB. profitsC. adva ntagesD. adve ntures47.A. putB. mixC. buildD. pick48.A. Atte ntio nB. associati onC. attract ionD. adaptati on49.A. apartB. asideC. offD. back50.A. overB. byC. withD.beyond51.A. fun ctio nB. meaningC. expressi onD.usage52.A. boun dariesB. problemsC.

23、barriersD. efforts53.A. necessaryB. perfectC. properD. possible54.A. tale ntB.honorC. pote ntialD. resp on sibility55.A. victoryB. trendC. traditionD. desire第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。ABasic Math in troduces stude nts to the basic con cepts

24、of mathematics, as well as thefundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra（代数） andbeyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into expone

25、nts（ 指数）, the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Bas

26、ic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “makesense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. T

27、hey also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing and completely understandable field of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery（ 神秘性 ） of math

28、ematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as“the best mathteacher in America, ”is a devoted teacher an

29、d has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr.

30、Siegel teaches mathematics at Central ArizonaCollege. His courses include various make-upclasses and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your

31、 money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?A. Algebra.B. College Mathematics.C. Arithmetic.D. Mathematics Education.57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?A. Stronger imaginative ability.B. Additional presentation skills.C. More mathematical confidence.D. Greater cha

32、nces of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.C. He works in Georgia State University.D. He specializes in training teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to

33、have been taken from?A. A news report.B. A book reviewC. A less on pla n.D. An advertiseme ntBPea nuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glaneed around the room, only to find my classmates beari ng big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Con fused, I gla need toward my stone-faeed teache

34、r. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “ What could be caus ing every one to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lan celot gave me the task. This was the firstreal talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Inter

35、net and find in formatio n about a man n amed George Wash ington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the n ame of this fellow, it became evide nt that there were two people beari ng the same n ame who looked

36、completely differe nt! One inven ted hun dreds of uses for pea nu ts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the scree n, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for agolden piece ofadvice; flip （ 掷）a coin. Heads the comma nder, and tails the pea nuts

37、 guy. Ah! T ails, my report would be about the great man who inven ted pea nut butter, George Wash ington Carver.Weeks later, sta nding before this unfrien dly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I loweredthe paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate beg

38、an his report, it all became clear,“ My report is on George Washington, theman who started the American Revolution.” Thleole world became quite! How could Iknow that she meant that George Wash ington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this aroun d. I talked to

39、 Miss Lan celot, but she in sisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chanee. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten mon ths later, that chanee unfolded as I found myself sitting

40、in the headmaster s office wranmfather,now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrass ing mome nt at the begi nning of the year as the headmaster in formed me of my optio n to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!60. What did the authorclassmates think ab

41、out his report?A. Con troversial.B. Ridiculous.C. Bori ng.D. Puzzli ng.61. Why was the author con fused about the task?A. He was un familiar with America n history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teacher s in struct ion.D. He was new at the school.62. The underlined wor

42、d “ burning ” in Para. 3 probably means.A. anno yedB. ashamedC. readyD. eager63. In the end, the author turned things around .A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with the help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmasterCDecision-making under StressA new review based on a

43、 research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative （ 负面的 ） consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“ S

44、tress affects how people learn, ” says Professor Mara Mather. “ People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images（ 影 像 ） with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participan

45、ts were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material l

46、ess accurately than those who hadn t gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eatingcookies or smok ing a cigarette while un der stress-at those mome nts, only the pleasureassociated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings furthe

47、r suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus o

48、n rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men

49、may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually hard

50、en into addiction.64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to .A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most pr

51、obably in their .A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, .A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on

52、outcomesD. men are more likely to take risksDWilderness“ In wilderness（ 荒野 ） is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from awriter regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whethe

53、r to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.farAs John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such imag

54、es untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation（ 开发 ） brings to such landscapes（ 景观 ） is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these” ecosystem servicesoutweigh the gains from exploita

55、tion.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are e

56、ver more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapp

57、ed without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that sug