2021版高考英语一轮复习板块四五彩缤纷的从句三大从句和特殊句式8名词性从句课件新人教版

1、第8讲名词性从句内容索引内容索引step 1 突破高考重点突破高考重点点拨易错易混点拨易错易混step 2 刷三年高考真题刷三年高考真题明晰解题技法明晰解题技法step 3 对点跟踪检测对点跟踪检测提升应试能力提升应试能力名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点考点1引导词引导词 名词性从句由不同的引导词引导名词性从句由不同的引导词引导, 从句一般保持陈述语序。从句一般保持陈述语序。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类类: 1. 引导的名词性引导的名词性that从句从句that只起连接主句和从

2、句的作用只起连接主句和从句的作用, 在从句中不担任任何成分在从句中不担任任何成分, 本身也没有词义。本身也没有词义。该从句作主语通常用该从句作主语通常用it作形式主语作形式主语, 而将从句置于句末。而将从句置于句末。 *the fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近近来谁也没有见过他来谁也没有见过他, 这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。(同位语从句同位语从句)*it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed

3、 to failure. 很清楚很清楚, 整个计划整个计划注定要失败。注定要失败。 (主语从句主语从句)2. wh-引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句wh-包括包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连等连接代词和接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。等连接副词。wh-词既起连接作用词既起连接作用, 还可充当还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。从句作主语也常用介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。从句作主语也常用it作形式主语作形式主语, 而将而将wh-从句置于句末。从句置于句末。*it r

4、emains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。他们何时结婚依然不明。点津点津(1)what引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么什么?”的问题的问题, 也也可以表示相当于可以表示相当于“名词名词/代词代词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思结构的意思, 意思是意思是“所所的事的事/物物”, 相当于相当于the thing(s) that/which. . . 。 如如:*this is what (=th

5、e place that) they call salt lake city. 这就是他们称作盐湖城这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。的地方。(2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导让步状语从句又可引导让步状语从句;而而no matter wh-只能只能引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句。*whoever (=anyone who)comes to the party will receive a gift. 来参加晚会的人来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。都会收到一份礼物。*whoever (=no matter who)comes to the party, he wi

6、ll receive a gift. 无论谁来参加晚会无论谁来参加晚会, 都会收到一份礼物。都会收到一份礼物。(让步状语从句让步状语从句)【小题快练小题快练】单句语法填空单句语法填空1. we must find out _karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 2. jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading. 3. if you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _

7、is below the water surface. often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 4. _this will be successful or not is still difficult to predict. whenwherewhatwhether3. if, whether引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句(1)引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether, 不用不用if。*whether the plan is practical remains t

8、o be proved. *the point is whether we should lend him the money. (2)whether与与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换, 但下列情况下只能用但下列情况下只能用whether: 后面直接跟后面直接跟or not时用时用whether*i dont know whether or not the report is true. 用于介词后引导宾语从句时用用于介词后引导宾语从句时用whether*it depends on whether we have enough time. 考点考点2主

9、语从句主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语式主语it代替代替, 而本身放在句子末尾。而本身放在句子末尾。点津点津it作形式主语的句型有作形式主语的句型有:it is +名词名词+从句从句it is a fact that. . . 事实是事实是;it is good news that. . . 是好消息是好消息;it is a question that. . . 是个问题是个问题;it is common knowledge that. . . 是常识是常识类似的名词还有类似的名

10、词还有:a pity;a wonder;a good thing; no wonder; surprise等等*it is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鲸鱼不是鱼鲸鱼不是鱼, 这是一个常识。这是一个常识。it is +形容词形容词+从句从句it is necessary that. . . 有必要有必要;it is clear that. . . 很清楚很清楚;it is likely that. . . 很可能很可能;it is important that. . . 重要的是重要的是类似的形容词还有类似的形容词还有:stra

11、nge; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quiet; unusual; certain; evident; worthwhile; surprising; interesting; astonishing。*it is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 我们很怀疑她是否能来。我们很怀疑她是否能来。it is +过去分词过去分词+从句从句it is said that. . . 据说据说;it is reported that. . . 据报道据报道;i

12、t has been proved that. . . 已证明已证明;it must be proved that. . . 必须指出必须指出类似的过去分词还有类似的过去分词还有:known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out等。等。*it has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.

13、 目前还目前还不清楚不清楚, 该新路段何时可通行。该新路段何时可通行。it seems(happened/appears/doesnt matter/makes no difference/occurred. . . )that. . . 主语从句不可提前。主语从句不可提前。*it makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否出席会他是否出席会议并没有什么不同。议并没有什么不同。【小题快练小题快练】单句语法填空单句语法填空1. he didnt speak much, but _he said afford

14、s much food for reflection. 2. we are all supposed to have read them ;_is a pity that so few of us have. 3. every year, _makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the kite festival. 4. it _(report) that the generation growing up with television can barely write a correct english sentence. wh

15、atwhoeveris reportedit考点考点3宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用, 既可作动词的宾语既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导疑问词引导)。1. that的省略与否的省略与否that引导宾语从句时引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去被省去, 但如果从句是并列句时但如果从句是并列句时, 第二个分句前的第二个分句前的that不可省略。如不可省略。如:*he said (that

16、) he was innocent and that he should be set free immediately. 2. 句子的语序句子的语序由由who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever等引导的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句, 应注意句子的语序要用陈述语序。例如应注意句子的语序要用陈述语序。例如: *i want to know what he said to you yesterday. 点津点津1. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语

17、从句中等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中, 要把上述要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。*we dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。我们认为你不在这。*i dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。我相信他不会这样做。2. 动词动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时用在疑问句或否定句中时, 其后宾语从句常用其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词作连接词;用在用在肯定句中时肯定句中时, 连接词用连接词用 whether 或或 if 皆可皆可, 而不用而不

18、用 that。*do you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗你怀疑他会赢吗?*i dont doubt that your proposition is wrong. 我不怀疑你的提议是错的。我不怀疑你的提议是错的。*he doubts whether/if i know it. 他怀疑我是否知道这件事。他怀疑我是否知道这件事。【小题快练小题快练】单句语法填空单句语法填空1. we choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _it used to ch

19、arge. 2. she asked me _i had returned the books to the library, and i admitted that i hadnt. 3. the gold medal will be awarded to _wins the first place in the bicycle race. whatwhether/ifwhoever考点考点4表语从句表语从句 表语从句除可用表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外等引导外, 还可由还可由because, as if(though)等引导。等

20、引导。that 引导表语从句引导表语从句, 无词义无词义, 只起连接作用只起连接作用, 不可省略。不可省略。 *the fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。*china is not what it used to be. 中国已不是过去的中国了。中国已不是过去的中国了。*this is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。这就是我们的问题所在。*it looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。看上去天要下雨了。点津点津whet

21、her可引导表语从句可引导表语从句, 但与之同义的但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句。不用于引导表语从句。that is because. . . 指原因或理由。指原因或理由。that is why. . . 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。指由于各种原因所造成的后果。*he didnt go to school yesterday. that was because he was ill. 他昨天没有上学他昨天没有上学, 那是因为他生病了。那是因为他生病了。 *he was ill. that was why he didnt go to school yesterday. 他生病了。他生病了。

22、 这就是这就是他昨天为什么没有上学。他昨天为什么没有上学。 当主语是当主语是reason时时, 表语从句要用表语从句要用that引导而不是引导而不是because。*the reason why he didnt go to school yesterday was that he was ill. 昨天他没有昨天他没有上学的原因是他生病了。上学的原因是他生病了。 【小题快练小题快练】单句语法填空单句语法填空1. (2018北京高考北京高考)this is _my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the

23、best. 2. (2018江苏高考江苏高考)by boat is the only way to get here, which is _we arrived. 3. the reason why he was late was _he missed the train by one minute this morning. whathowthat考点考点5同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明, 一般用连词一般用连词that引导。由于名引导。由于名词的意义不同词的意义不同, 也可用也可用whether, who, when

24、, where, what, why, how等引导。常见等引导。常见的名词有的名词有fact, idea, belief, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, order, problem, report, decision, word等。例如等。例如:*she finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. 她最终决定她最终决定参加时装秀。参加时装秀。*i had no idea how many books i could borrow at a time. 我不知道一次能借多少本书。我不知道一次能借多少本书。有时由于谓语较短有时由于谓语较短, 将同位语从句位于谓语之后。将同位语从句位于谓语之后。*the news came that their team had won the championship. (the news that their team h