选修6U4教师版

1、U4 Global Warming知识讲解1、 重点词汇和词组1. When compared to.当跟.比较而言原文再现：That probably does not seem much to you and me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.那个数值对你我来说可能是无所谓的，但是当跟其他自然变化相比较时，它却是一种快速的增长。句型剖析：when compared to.是状语从句的省略，当主从句的主语一致，从句里又含有be动词的某种形式的时候，我们可以把从句里的主语和be动词省略，能

2、这样用的连接词或短语有when,while, if , once, though, unless, as, even if等。巩固练习： If _(give) another chance, I will do it much better. Even if _(invite) to the party, I wouldnt go.Keys: given ; invited2. There is no doubt / No doubt.毫无疑问.原文再现：There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and

3、that is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球在变暖（见表1），并且全球变暖是人类活动所致，而不是随意的自然现象。句型剖析：there is no doubt/ No doubt.为固定句式，意思为“毫无疑问”，后面接that引导的同位语从句，肯定句中有whether引导。请翻译：他是否能当选还不太确定。 _Keys:There is some doubt whether he will be elected.doubt

4、怀疑，疑虑。后常接宾语从句，在肯定句中doubt后面常接whether/if引导的从句；在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面常接that引导的从句。请翻译：我不怀疑他来自中国。 _Keys: I dont doubt that he comes from China.温馨提示：There is no.和 It is no.是英语中两个重要的句型。There is no .侧重“没有.；毫不.”；It is no.常用于use/good+动词ing句型或.wonder that.句型中。请翻译：毫无疑问他会成功。_难怪交通堵塞如此严重。_Keys: there is no doubt that h

5、e will succeed. It is no wonder that the traffic jam is so serious.3. tend 趋向，易于，照顾 原文再现：It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层里，从而引起全球温度升温。 词汇扩展：tendency 倾向，偏好 短语扩展： tend to do sth. 常常会做某事，倾向于做某事 tend (to) sb/sth

6、= look after sb/sth 照顾/护理 have a tendency to/ towards sth.有.的倾向 请翻译：别人不同意她的看法时，她容易生气。 _ 他的业余时间都花在照顾他的宠物狗上。 _ 有一种国际性合作的趋势。 _Keys: she tends to get angry when others disagree with her. He spends his spare time tending (to) his pet dog. There is a tendency towards the world cooperation. 4. result in 导致

7、 原文再现：They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们也同意以下观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。 短语扩展： result from 由.引起 as a result of 作为.的结果，由于 as a result 结果 请翻译： 他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。 _ 由于下雪他迟到了。 _Keys: his illness resulted from bad

8、food. He was late as a result of the snow. 5.oppose 反对 原文再现：On the other hand, there are those,like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.另一方面，还有一些人，像乔治汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中有高含量的二氧化碳。 短语扩展：oppose (doing) st

9、h. 反对做. oppose oneself to sth.反对某事 请翻译：这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿。 _ 他强烈反对你出国。 _Keys: the mother opposed her daughters going there alone. He opposes himself to your going abroad. 温馨提示： oppose表示采取积极行动来反对，着重动作，反对被认为是错误的计划、看法等，通常经过深思熟虑。 object指突然的、未经过深层思考的反对，与个人有关。名词为objection，常见搭配为object to 6.consequence 后果，结果，影

10、响 原文再现：They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太大。 短语扩展：in consequence of / as a consequence of = as a result of 作为.的结果 in consequence/ as a consequence= as a result 结果是；因而 take the consequences 为（自己的行为、行动的）结果负责 词汇扩展：consequent 随之发

11、生的 consequently 所以，因而 请翻译：由于严重的地震，这座城市变成了废墟。 _ 我睡过头了，因而上学迟到了。 _ 如果你毁坏建筑物，就必须准备好承担后果。 _Keys:the city was in ruins in consequences of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake. I overslept,and in consequence/as a consequence I was late for school. If you damage the building, you must be ready to take th

12、e consequences. 7.even if 即使 原文再现：Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量。 易混辨析：even if ,even though, although, though,as,while even if 即使，其意义在于假设某事物存在 even though 则有“尽管”之义，其意义在于已经承认某事物存在 although 侧重于“转折”，置于句首，意思为“虽然.但是” though侧重于“转折”，

13、位于句子前后都可以，但往往与as一样可以构成仅提前 表语，宾语，状语，谓语的倒装句式。 As仅用于表示“虽然.但是”意思的让步状语从句的倒装句中 while“然而”侧重于句子的对比内容 经典例句：He will come on time _ it rains. Young _she is , she knows a lot. He got the first prize in English contest,_his sister got nothing. Keys: even though/even if; as/though; while. 8.on behalf of 代表.一方，作为.

14、的代言人 原文再现：I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表学校进行一个关于全球变暖方面的课题研究。 短语扩展：on sbs behalf.代表.一方 stand for 代表 请翻译：我代表在座的各位祝你旅途愉快 _ 今天英语老师不能来，所以我将代表他发言。 _ Keys: On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a very happy journey. The English teacher cant be here today, so Im going

15、 to speak on his behalf. 9. circumstance环境，情况 原文再现：Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，回收罐头盒，瓶子，塑料袋和报纸。 词汇扩展：environment 环境（自然或精神的） surrounding 周围的事物 短语扩展：under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下 under no circumstances 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) 请翻译：她明确表示，无论如何都不会取

16、消旅行。 _ 无论在何种情况下，种族主义都是千万要不得的。 _ Keys: She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip. Racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances. 重难点重点语法 -it 用法1.It is+被强调部分+that该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，强调的主语如果是人，可以who用来替换，如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其他从句的方法。It was the

17、y that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.例句：It was with great joy _he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)A. because B. which C. since D. that2. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that该句型译成汉语“直到才”，可以说是的强调形式。It was not until she took

18、 off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was _back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北)A. not until midnight did he go B. u

19、ntil midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然、真的、肯定）”是主语从句最常见的结构。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.=That hes round and tall like a tr

20、ee is very clear.4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) that该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.5. It is said (reported, learned) that

21、该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.6. It is suggested (ordered) that该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气 （should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“据建议；有命令”It is suggested that the me

22、eting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.7. It is a pity (a shame) that 在该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他

23、生病了，真遗憾！8. It is time (about time, high time) that该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）的时候”It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.9. It is the first (second, )time that该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态

24、来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为“是第一（二,）次”。10. It is since该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. (2

25、005 北京) A. before B. since C. after D. When11. It is when该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当的时候，是”It was 5 oclock when he came here.12. It bebefore该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“之后才”，“没过就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

26、It will not be long before he finishes his job.13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that该句型中的it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧)It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看来)The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope t

27、hat the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 14. It takes sbto do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做要花费某人”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.15It is no good (use) doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good (not a

28、ny good), no use (not any use ).It is no good learning English without speaking English.16. It doesnt matter whether该句型中的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为“不论（是否）没关系It doesnt matter whether they are old.17It is kind (of sb) to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引出，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, c

29、lever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。这个句型可以改写为sb.is kind to do sth.It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth该句型与上一句统属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的，主句的形容词通常是表示

30、重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.19. It looks (seems) as if 该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句

31、，常译为：“看起来好像”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）It looks as if he was ill. （事实上没有生病）It seemed as if he was dying.20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构”7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.1指的是形式宾语it .2指的是宾补的两种形式：

32、形容词和名词3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.-Do you like _here?-Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so

33、 nice. (2004 全国卷二)A. this B. these C. that D. it 二、单选巩固1_that there will be another good harvest this autumn.A. He is said B. It is saidC. It says D. It was said2._ she was free on Monday morning,A. That happened B. It is happened thatC. It happened to D. It happened that3._three years since he join

34、ed the army.A. That is B. It is C. This is D. It was4. _is good _you to have taken good care of your classmates.A. This; to B. It; for C. That; it D. It; of5. What a long way _!A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is6. Does _matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?A. this B. it C. that D. which7

35、. _makes me sick to think of the matter.A. That B It C. This D. Which8. The parents will never forget that _ the doctor _had saved their childs life.A. It is; that B. It was; thatc. That is; when D. It was; when 9._about half past ten _we got to the station.A. It is; that B. It was; that C. That is;

36、 when D. It was; when10. We consider _our duty helping him.A. it B. that C. which D. ThatKeys: BDBDA BBBDA课堂检测一、 单项选择1. Ms Nancy didnt mind at all _ to the ceremony.A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited2. _ your meeting is! he offered them his sincere congrat

37、ulations.A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success3. We must remember that _fashion is not the most important thing in _ life.A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the4. It _ quite a few years _ the accused was declared innocent and set free.A. was; sinc

38、e B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before5. The professor said he could talk on _ interested the audience.A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it6. Under no circumstance _ to tell lies to parents.A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will a

39、llow D. will children allow7. Modern science and technology has _ communication between people far apart.A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to8. I heard that you really had a wonderful time at Johns birthday party, _?A. didnt I B. didnt you C. ha

40、dnt you D. will you9. The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _ to teach you the art of learning.A. as B. that C. than D. but10. No matter how frequently _ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. bei

41、ng performed11. _ their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from the government.A. Considering B. Considered C. Having been considered D. Being considered12. Tina _ have known the truth, or she would have told us.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. neednt13. There are some police cars i

42、n front. What do you suppose _?A. is the matter B. is happened C. is the wrong D. the trouble is14. _ of water makes Death Valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid.A. Lacking B. Being lack C. Because of lack D. Lack15. In recent years much more emphasis has been put_ developing the students pro

43、ductive skills.A. onto B. in C. over D. on16. A survey was carried out on the death rate of those who were infected by SARS, _were surprising.A. as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which17. The organization broke no rules, but _had it acted responsibly.A. neither B. so

44、 C. either D. both18. Many workers were organized to clear away remained of the World Trade Center.A. those B. that C. what D. where19. My train arrive in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _by then.A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left20.

45、The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to baseKeys: 1-10 BBBDC BABAB 11-20 ACADD DACBD2、 首字母填空1. Make your actions deliberate, not rushed and r_.2. We are making slow but s_ progress

46、.3. Several cars are available within this price r_.4. Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous c_.5. Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe p_6. They had stopped by a spring to r_ themselves.7. When you give a p_,do you usually stand in one place or move around?8. Th

47、e area has seen a rapid population g_.9. Look out! Youd better walk s_10. We have a t_to focus more on our shortcomings than our success.11. Chinese characters will e_for centuries.12. Childrens words and actions are often fairly r_13. All of these projects are e_doubtful.14. People in the remote vi

48、llage live in w_places.15. The writer and the e_have visited our school.Keys:random; steady;range; consequences; pollution; refresh; presentation; growth; steadily; tendency; exist;random;economically; widespread;educator.三、完成句子1. One _ _ _ _.(没有空气就不能生存）2. He is just _ _(一名普通)sort of student.3._ _ _

49、(总的来说），he made great progress in English.4. No one knows when the company _ _ _(成立）5.I cant let him go _ _ _(在我的范围内)Keys: cant live without air; an average; On the whole; came into existence; within my range;四、完形填空 We live in a fast-paced and anxiety-filled world that oftentimes seems to shift beneath our feet. Thus we are sometimes affected by fears or anxiety impacting our life. For as long as I could remember I had struggled with anxiety. After I left university, I made friends with a Moroccan woman at work. One day she invited me to 16 her a