2021年高考英语考点汇总非谓语动词素材

1、非谓语动词一、动名词和不定式作主语 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象)it is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)注意：如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：to see is to believe.seeing is believing.常用动名词作主语的句型：it

2、s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。_ to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.a. learnb. learnedc. learningd. having learned【答案】c【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选c。二、动名词和不定式作宾语1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢

3、记下面的口诀决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan; agree，ask/beg，help。此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。she pretended not to see me when i passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：避免错过少

4、延期，建议完成多练习，喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。avoid, miss, delay,suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape, risk, pardon, stand, keep, mindi would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做) for

5、get doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)stop to do停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在或经常做的事 go on to do继续(去做另外一件事情) go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事) regret doing sth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)try to do努力、企图做 try doing试验、试

6、一试某种办法mean to do(人)打算，有意要 mean doing(物)意味着cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事1.a 90-year-old has been awarded “woman of the year” for _61_ (be) britains oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语作

7、表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing) 不定式作表语her wish was to become an artist. 她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。the most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson. 我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。总结：不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如；表示将来的动作，如；表示目的，如。因此，在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需

8、求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。 动名词作表语my job is teaching.(teaching is my job.)seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。总结：动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如。例还可以说成：to see is to believe.试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语;表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式.their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子.our task n

9、ow is to develop our economy.我们的任务是发展经济。 分词作表语首先做一些练习the situation is_(encourage).the door remained_(lock) when he came again.【答案】encouraging locked 总结：surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage，inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被动关系，用-done这种形式，

10、表示主语的状态。the news astonished us.这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子：the news was astonishing.we were astonished(by the news)1.i quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _64_(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_65_(challenge).【参考答案】64.looking 65.challenged【答

11、案解析】64.动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。 65.根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged作表语。高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：不定式作定语；-ing分词作定语；-ed分词作定语。1不定式作定语 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 之前。 she is alwa

12、ys the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词. lets first find a room to live in / to put the things in.we have nothing to worry about.(=there is nothing for us to worry about.) 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式 多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。 i have a lot o

13、f things to do today. ( i . do . things) have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you. say . anything) here is a letter to be taken to mr. li. 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较：there is nothing to do at present.(=we have nothing to do at present.) there is nothing to be done at present.(= we can

14、do nothing at present.)2-ing分词作定语 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的 单个-ing分词也常后置。 a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) the girl singing is my classmate. -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词

15、所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则， 要用从句作定语。 do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? the man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with mr. li visited our class yesterday. 比较：【误】he is the man visiting our

16、class yesterday. 【正】he is the man who visited our class yesterday. 3-ed分词作定语 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 a developed/developing country he is a student loved by all the teachers. the building being built will be the third teaching building of our school. picking up her “lifetime ach

17、ievement” award，proud irene _declared_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“的计划”，故填to retire。1. 带to的不定式（ to do ）作宾补的动词，常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, o

18、rder, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。 the teacher asked us to finish our homework老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 she wanted him to sing for her friends她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 the policeman told the boys not to play in the stree

19、t警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：一感：feel二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have四看：see, watch, notice, observe半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth.表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。i saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。to learn english well，we should find opportunities to hear english spoken as much as

20、 possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。the teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。3. v-ing形式作宾补v-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。i hear someone knocking at the door.im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.4. v-ed形式作宾补着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系

21、。he saw the thief caught by the police.im going to have my hair cut.1. i need a new passport so i will have to have my photographs_.a. taking b. takenc. being taken d. take【参考答案】b【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。c项表示正在进行。故选b。2.once his mess

22、age was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.【参考答案】 【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用to stay。1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。to keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。we hurried to

23、the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。(3)作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud， disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。were proud to be young people of china. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。在“主语系动词表语(形容词)to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用

24、的形容 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。the chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。_ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.a. to enjoyb. enjoyingc. to have enjoyedd. enjoy【答案】a【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数

25、字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选a。【解题技巧】 动词的不定式用法口诀：不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。2分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓

26、语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。seen from the top of th

27、e mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。独立主格结构（一）独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。1. 名词/代词+形容词i heard th

28、at she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。he stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。2. 名词/代词+现在分词winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。the rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。3. 名词/代词+过去分词 more time

29、given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。the boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month. 这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。the two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to h

30、is friends 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。5. 名词/代词+介词短语the huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。6. 名词/代词+副词 nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。lunch over ,he left the house .

31、but he was thinking. 午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。7. 名词/代词+名词he fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。8. with 复合结构它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。holms and watson sat with the light on for half an hour. 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）he used to sleep with the

32、door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）with a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village. 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）with the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）with you to help us, we will finish the task in time 有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）hong kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on

33、 night . 夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。（二）独立主格结构的用法它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。1. 作时间状语the work done(=after the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。2. 作条件状语weat

34、her permitting(if weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。3. 作原因状语an important lecture to be given tomorrow(=as an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。4. 作伴随状语he wa

35、s lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。5. 表补充说明a hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。1.chi

36、nas image is improving steadily, with more countries_ its role in international affairs.a. recognizingb. being recognizedc. to be recognizedd. recognized【答案】a【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选a。2.modem methods _of_ tracking polar bear populat

37、ions have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64_ (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。3.scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congre

38、gating(聚集) around human settlements,【答案】noting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。4.all the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that i had a talent for football.【答案】all the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that i had a talent for football.【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：

39、操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。5.when we got a call _68_ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was _a_ joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。6.on our way to the house，it was raining _so_ ha

40、rd that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get)there.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。7.on the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the north shore under the s

41、tars，_70_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。8.when the children are walking or _59_ (cycle) to school on dark

42、 mornings,【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。9.but some students didnt want _63_ (wear) the uniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。10.nervously _2_ (face) challenges, i know

43、i will whisper to _myself_(i) the two simple words “be yourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是i，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。11.ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. a. used b. to use c. using d. use【答案】a【解析】考查非谓语

44、动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，a选项正确。12.i didnt mean _anything but the ice cream looked so good that i couldnt help_ it.a. to eat；to try b. eating；tryingc. eating；to try d. to eat； t

45、rying【答案】d【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住地要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing忍不住做。故选d。13. around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod, _ theexpectednumber of 12,000 heldby marketanalysts.a. havingexceeded b. toexceedc. exceeded d. exceeding【答案】d【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500

46、个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选d。. 单项填空1it is said that the bills _ at the coming session will address the international conflict. ato be signedbsigned chaving been signeddbeing signed【答案】a【解析】考查动词不定式做后置定语。句意：据说在之后的会议上即将签署的议案将可以解决这一国际争端。bills与sign之间是被动关系，而且目前尚未签署

47、，所以用动词不定式的被动式。故选a。2_chairman of the committee, he felt on top of the world. aelectingbelected cto be electeddhaving elected【答案】b【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被选举为委员会的主席，所以他特别开心。elect与主语he是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故选b。3the village evolved into a major e-commerce center, and _the past, the villagers owed their success to the

48、reform and opening-up policy. areviewedbto review creviewingdbeing reviewed【答案】c【解析】考查现在分词作时间状语。句意：村庄发展成为一个重要的电子商务中心，回顾过去，村民们把他们的成功归功于改革开放政策。句子主语the villagers和review之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词作时间状语，故答案为c。4they exchanged their contact forms with each other, likely_they would get in touch. ameantbmeaningcbeing me

49、antdhaving meant【答案】b【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们交换了彼此的联系方式，这个很有可能是为了让他们日后方便联系。mean sth / that表示旨在做某事，目的在于做某事。表示主动，应用现在分词。相当于which means，故选b。5of the 2,000 stock investors _ last month, 90% was found _ financial knowledge. asurveyed; lackingbhaving been surveyed; to lack csurveyed; lackeddto have been surveyed;

50、 lack【答案】a【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在去年受调查的2000个股票投资人之中，90%被发现缺少经济知识。根据句意可知第一空用非谓语动词作定语，stock investors和survey是被动关系，用过去分词作定语；第二空用find+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，90% of the stock investors和lack是主动关系，用现在分词作主语补足语。故选a。6_ himself with routine tasks, he had no time to accompany his children. aoccupyingboccupied cbeing occupieddto

51、be occupied【答案】a【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于忙于常规工作，他没有时间陪伴孩子。短语occupy oneself with sth 与be occupied with sth都是忙于；从事于之意，本题前一分句作原因状语从句。若使用第一种表达方式（他与从事之间为主动关系，动词使用现在分词形式），则表达为：occupying himself with；若使用第二种表达方式（occupied作为形容词繁忙的；没空的，位于句首作状语），则表达为：occupied with routine tasks，综上，结合所给选项分析可知本题答案为a选项。7peking duck, _ as

52、one of the best ways to eat the delicious duck, has earned a reputation both at home and abroad. aregardedbregarding cbeing regardeddto be regarded【答案】a【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:北京烤鸭被认为是最好的品尝美味的鸭肉的方式之一享誉国内外。根据句意及分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词,且peking duck与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用其过去分词在句中作后置定语。故选a。8_ back made her parents ang

53、ry and sad. anot her comingbyour coming cher not comingdher no coming【答案】c【解析】考查固定用法。句意：她不回来使她的父母又生气又伤心。此句考查-ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语,其否定形式是在-ing形式前加not。故选c。9_ with the feedback my students had given me, i began to make a plan for the next term. aarmingbhaving armedcbeing armeddarmed【答案】d【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据学生给我的反馈，我开始为下学期做计划。本句中已经存在动词且句中没有连词，故arm只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，应用过去分词armed。故选d。10i will be surprised if you can get calvin, who is a close-fisted man, these donation draw tickets from you. abuybbuyingcbuysdto b