Unit5名词性从句讲解_课件

1、Grammar and usageGrammar and usage Noun Clauses Noun Clauses Three Clause名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句Adverbial ClauseRelative ClauseSubject ClauseObject ClausePredicative ClauseAppositive ClauseHow should we use modern technology?The problem is The problem is how we should use modern te

2、chnology.When will man be able to live on Mars? .is unknown to us all. When man will be able to live on Mars is unknown to us all.Where will all these advanced technology lead us ?I cant imagine.I cant imagine where all these advanced technology will lead us.1.When we will start is not clear.2. She

3、wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类从句一律保持陈述语序从句一律保持陈述语序主语主语从句从句同位语同位语从句从句表语表语从句从句宾语宾语从句从句主语从句：主语从句： 在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。句就叫做主语

4、从句。 主语从句一般有三种结构：主语从句一般有三种结构：1. 由由that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句2. 由由when, who, how, whether 等连接代词（副词）引导的主语等连接代词（副词）引导的主语从句从句3. 由由what引导的主语引导的主语从句从句That引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。但不能省略。 That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.That he

5、 finished the work in such a short time surprised us.when，where， how， whether等连接副等连接副词引导的主语从句。词引导的主语从句。How she survives remains a mystery.When hell back depends on the weather.Where he went puzzled everyone.Who loves Tom is a secret.Whether we will watch movie tomorrow is uncertain.What seems easy t

6、o some people seems difficult to others.连接代词连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever 等引导的主语从句等引导的主语从句Whoever broke the window will have to pay for it.Whatever you do is your business.用用it做形式主语代替主语从句做形式主语代替主语从句1）It + be +形容词形容词 +主语从句主语从句Its strange that she didnt come yesterday.Its not clea

7、r why he said that.注意：句子结构为注意：句子结构为It is important, necessary, natural, essential, etc. +that时，从句要用虚拟时，从句要用虚拟语气语气 Its important that he should be early for class.Its essential that he should be told the truth.It is a pity that he didnt attend the class.2）It + be +名词名词 +主语从句主语从句3）It + 动词动词+主语从句主语从句It

8、 doesnt matter when he will arrive.4）It + 被动语态被动语态+主语从句主语从句It is said that he is your classmate.It 的用法：的用法： （形式主语）（形式主语） Its possible/important/necessary/clear that 很很可能可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/ reported that据说据说/据报道据报道 Its been announced/declared that 已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布 Its no wonder that并不奇

9、怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）众所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）（俗话说）注意注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词从属连词that可以省略。可以省略。误：误：We should respect each other is natural.正：正：That we should respect each o

10、ther is natural.正：正：It is natural we should respect each other.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引引导，但是如果用导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导引导.误：误：If he really heard me is really doubtful.正：正：It is doubtful if he really heard me.1.I have always been honest and straightforward,

11、and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(2004年广东省卷年广东省卷 )A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 高考链接【试析【试析】这个句子是一个由这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。连接的并列句。And后是后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主语从句则是主语从句则是who it is that Im talking to.而在而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who.

12、Who既是一既是一个引导词，也在个引导词，也在it is中作表语中作表语.如果再细一点，说如果再细一点，说who是是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。的介词宾语也可以。 2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 【试析【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.3. _ made the school pro

13、ud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）上海春季）A. What; because B. What ; thatC. That ; what D. That ; because 【试析【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分导作用，不作任何成分.4. _ he made an important speech at th

14、e meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 5. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A. If B .Whether C .That D. Where 6._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to7. I

15、ts known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 8. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when9.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have I know him . I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语

16、宾语宾语(简单句简单句)主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句(复合句复合句)Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+ +连词连词( (引导词引导词)+)+宾语从句宾语从句1. 连词连词(引导词引导词)1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和包括肯定句和 否定句否定句), 连词由连词由that引导引导, 因为因为that在从句在从句 中不作任何成分中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思也没有

17、任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。I feel (that) our class is better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next year.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略：当当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作 宾语时宾语时, 第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；当当that作介词宾语时作介词宾语时, that不可省掉。不可省掉。用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。做

18、形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.2) 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时当宾语从句是一般疑问句时, 由连词由连词whether或或if引导引导(口语中常用口语中常用if), 因为因为if/whether翻译成翻译成:“是否是否”, 具有一定的意义具有一定的意义, 所以不能省略。所以

19、不能省略。Lily wanted to know if /whether her motherliked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out someinformation about that city .whether与与if的辨用的辨用表表“是否是否”时时, 在下列情况下用在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. 后接动词不定式后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g. whether or not 连

20、在一起引导宾语连在一起引导宾语 从句从句whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句。都可以引导宾语从句。 a. 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时, 不用不用if.e.g. I dont know whether or not I will stay.b. 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别练一练练一练: if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried ab

21、out _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether3) 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由连接代词由连接代词(what, who, whom, which, whose) 或连接或连接副词副词(when, where, how, why)引导引导, 因为连接因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分代词或连接副词在

22、从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see.2. 时态时态1)如果主句谓语是现在时如果主句谓语是现在时 或将来时，从句谓语或将来时，从句谓语动词可使用任何需要的时态。动词可使用任何需要的时态。vI know he lives here.vI know

23、 he lived here ten years ago. vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.2) 主句谓语动词是过去的时态，从句的时态主句谓语动词是过去的时态，从句的时态要用相应的过去时。要用相应的过去时。vI knew who lived here. vI saw she was talking with her partner. vHe said he would visit his parents the next day. vHe said that he had seen it .3) 当从句是客观真理当从句是客观真理, 定义定义,

24、公理公理, 定理定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vThe teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.1. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)2. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)3. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be)Exercise wrote has taken had been 4. The radio s

25、ays it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)5. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)6. Tom says that they _ (play). basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 7. I hear they _ (return) it already. 8. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been

26、 4) 否定的转移否定的转移: 若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。5) It 常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等

27、后作形式宾语等后作形式宾语我们听说他下个月要结婚了。我们听说他下个月要结婚了。 We heard it that he would get married next month.同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些放在主句中某些名词名词的后面，说明这些的后面，说明这些名名词的含义词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, belief等。等。Beijing ,the capital of China, is my home

28、town.We heard the news that our team had won. We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our teacher.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.We expressed the hope that they had expressed同同位语从句和定语从句的区别：位语从句和定语从句的区别：1. 同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分只起连接作用，不作

29、任何成分 定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语当宾语和主语2.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关 系，对名词进行补充说明系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对 名词进行修饰，加以限定名词进行修饰，加以限定3.同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省不能省 定语从句定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省在从句中作宾语时，可以省1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abro

30、ad next year.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语同位语从句，从句，that在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分） 表语从句表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，一表语从句在句中作表语，一般放在主句谓语动词或系动词般放在主句谓语动词或系动词之后。之后。 1.从属连词从属连词that引导的表语从

31、句引导的表语从句 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 2.从属连词从属连词whether, as, as if，because 注意：注意：that引导表语从句通常不省略。引导表语从句通常不省略。Things were not as they seemed to be. 情况并不是看上去的那个样子。情况并不是看上去的那个样子。It looks as if it is going to rain.表语从句不能用表语从句不能用if引导，只用引导，只用whether.3、主语是、主语是reason时，表语从句常用时，表语从句常用that，不，不用

32、用because。The reason for his absence was that he was ill. 他缺席的原因是病了他缺席的原因是病了 4.连接代词连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词连接副词 where, when, how, why This is why we put off the meeting.The question is who will go there.Johns suggestion was that we (should) go to the cinema

33、 together.约翰的建议是我们应该一起去看电影。约翰的建议是我们应该一起去看电影。 5.在一些表示在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令建议、劝说、命令”的名词的名词(suggestion，proposal，idea，order，plan)后面的表语从句中，后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，动词原形表示，should可省略。可省略。 高考链接高考链接 体验体验 1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷高考英语上海秋季卷,37)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to le

34、t other drivers know_. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 【答案【答案】B 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。【解析】本题考查宾语从句。which引导的句引导的句子做子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。的宾语，句子用陈述语序。 2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷高考英语上海秋季卷,36)One reason for her preference for city life is _ sh

35、e can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why 【答案【答案】A 【解析】此处考查的是表语从句。此处【解析】此处考查的是表语从句。此处that不不可以省略。可以省略。 3.(2010高考英语重庆卷高考英语重庆卷,25)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _had used the products. A. whoeverB. whoC. whicheverD. whic

36、h 【答案【答案】A 【解析】考查连词。【解析】考查连词。whoever引导宾语从句，引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于并在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。 4.(2010高考英语浙江卷高考英语浙江卷,9)It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 【答案【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。此处是由【解析】考查名词性从句。此处是由what引导引导的主

37、语从句，指代的主语从句，指代It的具体内容，的具体内容，It是形式主是形式主语，所以这里选语，所以这里选B项。项。 5.(2010高考英语浙江卷高考英语浙江卷,1)How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, _ you want. Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever 【答案【答案】C 【解析】本题考查引导词和交际用语。句意：【解析】本题考查引导词和交际用语。句意：“这个这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“”“好啊，按你的意好啊，按你的意思吧！思吧！”查情景交际。

38、查情景交际。周末野营怎么样，换换口周末野营怎么样，换换口味味?好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此处好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此处whatever表表示示”无论什么无论什么”，作，作want的宾语。选的宾语。选C项。项。 6.(2010高考英语天津卷高考英语天津卷,14)As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which 【答案【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：“作为新作为新毕业生，他不知道如何才能在这儿开创事业

39、。毕业生，他不知道如何才能在这儿开创事业。”宾语从句暗含宾语从句暗含it takesto do sth句型，因此应句型，因此应用用what引导宾语从句并充当从句中的宾语。引导宾语从句并充当从句中的宾语。 7.(2010高考英语四川卷高考英语四川卷,14)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 【答案【答案】B 【解析】考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句末的【解析】考查介词后的宾语从句。根据

40、句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，可知应是和谁去，故选故选B。句意为。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。戚。” 8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷高考英语上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence _ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.Awhich Bthat Chow Dwhere 【答案【答案】B 【解析】名词性从句。此处是【解析

41、】名词性从句。此处是that引导同位语引导同位语从句对从句对evidenc进行具体的说明。语意：没有进行具体的说明。语意：没有明显的证据表明在太阳系能其他行星上有生命明显的证据表明在太阳系能其他行星上有生命存在。据此选存在。据此选B项。项。 9.(2010高考英语上海春季卷高考英语上海春季卷,33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know _ the company was an established one.Awhether Bwhat Cuntil Dalthough 【答案【答案】A 【解析】名词性从句。语意

42、：。【解析】名词性从句。语意：。Fina对所提供对所提供的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处whether引导引导宾语从句，作宾语从句，作know的宾语。的宾语。 10.(2010高考英语陕西卷高考英语陕西卷,18)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 【答案【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能【解析】考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。成功地说服他改变主意。It occurs to sb that的意思为的意思为“某人突然想到某人突然想到”其中其中that引导主引导主语从句，语从句，it为形式主语，指代为形式主语，指代that从句的具体从句的具体内容。内容。11.(2010高考英语山东卷高考英语山东卷,25)Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. w