八年级上册第一单元

1、绮丽外语学院第一单元知识点总结一、由some,any,no,every.构成的复合不定代词的用法由some, any ,no, every.构成的复合不定代词的用法由some；any ；no 和every 可以与one ,body ,thing构成复合不定代词，它们的用法与some. any 的用法相同。如：-some-any-no-every-bodySomebody(有人，某人)Anybody(任何人)Nobody(没有人)Everybody(每人，人人)-oneSomeone(有人，某人)Anyone(任何人)No one(没有人)Everyone(人人，每人)-thingSomethi

2、ng(某事)Anything(任何事)Nothing(没有东西)Everything(一切，事事)学习时请特别注意以下几点：1.以上不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.Everyoneishere.2.不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时,该形容词、动词不定式要放在其后。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.在表示请求、建议或邀请等期待一个肯定回答时，用some系列,而不用any系列。CanIgetsomethingtodrink?4.any系列一般用于否定句和疑问句中，但是在表示“任何人（物/事）”的含义的时候可用于肯定句或if条件从句中Idonthavean

3、ythingtosay.Ilikeourschoollibrary,IcanreadanythingIlike.Ifanyoneknowstheanswer,handsup.5.当句中有little,few,seldom,hardly，never,without等半否定意义的副词、形容词、介词或如tooto等具有否定意义的其它结构时，通常用any系列词项。如：Iseldomeatanythinginthemorning,becauseofnotime.6.every系列一般用于肯定句中，如果用于否定句则表示部分否定（不完全否定）。如：Noteveryonelikessmoking.=Every

4、onedoesntlikesmoking.(并不是所有人喜欢抽烟.)7.在everyone,everybody,nobody,noone(指人的不定代词)出现的上下文中，要用复数人称代词与之对应。everything，something等代替物的不定代词出现的上下文中，要用单数it来代替。Everyoneishere,arentthey?Yes,theyareintheclassroom.EverythingisOK,soitis!8.当陈述句的主语是指人的复合不定代词（-one,-body）时，其反意疑问部分的主语用they，当陈述句的主语是指物的复合不定代词（-thing）时，其反意疑问部

5、分的主语用it.(同第七条例子)9.回答howmany或howmuch开头的问句用none,回答who开头的问句用nobody或noone；回答what引导的问句用nothing。如：Howmanybooksdoyouhave/howmuchmoneydoyouhave?NoneWhoisintheclassroom?Nobody/Noone.Whatcanyouseeontheblackboard?Nothing.10.注意none,nothing,noone的区别:none可以和of连用，其它的不能和of连用;Noneofusis/areright.none与all反义。作主语时，谓语动词

6、可用单数,也可用复数。None(指人或物)=nothing(物)+noone/nobody(人二，little后跟不可是名词，几乎没有；few后跟可数名词，几乎没有；a little后跟不可数名词，有一些；a few后跟可数名词，有一些。另;只能修饰可数名词的：a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 只能修饰不可数名词的：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little,a large sum of 既可修饰可数

7、也可修饰不可数名词的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, a good supply of三、这三种代词都有人称（一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，还有格（主格、宾格）的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。四、so与such1.such 是形容词，修饰名词，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用。so + adj.such + a(n)

8、 + n. so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. （复数，不可数名词）so + adj. + n.（复数，不可数名词） 比如：such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/ few flowersso much/little money.such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 只能用such搭配。2.sothat与suchthat意思是“如此以至于”用法与so和such相同。五、beca

9、use后加一个句子，而because of后加短语.例如：(1)_he is ill,he is absent today. (2)He is not at school_his illness. (3)He can”t come_the heavy rain. (4)We like physics_we can learn a lot of ideas.六、单词用法1.seem+adjseem+to+doseem+to+be+adj2.bored adj.厌倦的 bore v.使厌倦 boring adj. 令人厌烦的3.enjoyable adj.有乐趣的，令人愉快的 enjoy v.享受

10、，enjoy doing sth.Enjoy oneself=have fun（in）doing sth.=have a good time4.decide v.决定 decide to do sth.5.try v.尝试，努力try doing sth.尽力做某事 Try to do sth.尝试做某事6.feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.喜欢做某事7.building n.建筑物，房子 build v.建筑8.trader n.商人 trade v.经商Teacher n.教师 trach v.教学Driver n.司机 drive v.驾

11、驶9.wonder v.想知道。后面经常与从句连用。I wonder that/how/what/which/where/Why/whose10.difference n.差别，差异 different adj不同的11.wait for sb.等待某人12.want to do13. forgot to do忘记去做某事 forget忘记做过某事14.stop to do停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事情15.enough adj.或者adv.enough作副词用时，意为“充分地；足够地”，通常要把它放在所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面，名词可前可后. enough作

12、形容词，意为“充足的；足够的”，在句中可作定语或表语。一般放在它所修饰的名词前面如： 1. I have enough money to buy a colour TV set. 我有足够的钱买台彩电。【注意】当enough后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或其本身就是代词时，要用介词of。Weve had enough of your coldness. 我们已经受够了你的冷漠13.dislike v.或是n.不喜欢，厌恶 dislike doing sth.喜欢性的Dislike to do sth.zanshixingde.七.词组1.stay at home 2.go to

13、New York city 3.visit my uncle 4.go to summer camp 5.go to the mountains 6.go to the beach 7.visit museums 8.go out 9.study for test 10.take photos 11.most of the time 12.walk around 13.sound great sound good 14.the next day 15.ride a bicycle 16.one bowl of rice17.enough money 18 look/sound/feel/sme

14、ll/taste/ 19.too many/too much/much too20 arrive in/at、get to、reach 21.in the afternoon/in the morning /in the evening/at the night22.the old buildings 23.Chinese traders 24.take the train 25.buy nothing 26.go shopping 27.feed some hens 28.see some baby pigs29.teach oneself 30.dress oneself 31.Beiji

15、ng duck 32.learn something important 33.buy something special 34.meet anyone interesting八重点句子1.Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.2.Did you go out with anyone? No.No one was here.Everyone was on vacation.3.Did you buy anything special? Yes,I bought nothing./No,I bought nothing.4.H

16、ow was the food? Everything tasted really good!5.Did everyone have a good time? Oh,yes.Everything was excellent.6.Long time no see. 7.What about you？H ow about you ？8.How did you like it？=What did you think of it？9.Why didnt you buy anything for yourself？=Why not buy anything for yourself？10.How was

17、 the vacation？11.The only problem was that./There was nothing to do but doThe only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.12.I felt like I was a bird. 13.What a difference a day makes!14.And because of the bad weather,we couldnt see anything below.八、一般过去式的用法：一般过去式 表示过去

18、的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。一般过去式构成： 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。a. 规则动词的过去式变化如下：b. 1)一般在动词词尾加ed。 work-worked,rain-rained,watch-watchedc. 2)如果动词以字母e结尾，变过去式时直接在词尾加d。 love-loved,li