初中英语形容词与副词[1]

1、初中英语形容词和副词用法复习1 形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）Th

2、e girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice2、 以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to

3、me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.3、 用形容词表示类别和整体1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，t

4、he hungry The poor are losing hope. 2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.4、 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 a small round table a tall gray building 典型例题:1） Tony is goin

5、g camping with _ boys. A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two 答案：C。由 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone ol

6、d 答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。 3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性

7、差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + three + beautiful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table5、 副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see

8、very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well. 二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English

9、very much. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.6、 兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closely close意思是 近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2)late 与lately late意思是 晚； lately 意思

10、是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3)deep与deeply deep意思是 深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5)w

11、ide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是 广泛地，在许多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6)free与freely free的意思是 免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.7.形容词副词的比较级最高级的用法及练习1），形容词和副词的形式 形容词和副词有三种形式：原级、比较级、最高级。原级就是形

12、容词和副词的原形，如long；比较级就是在原形之后加上er，如longer；最高级就是在原形之后加上est，如longest。2）形容词和副词比较级最高级的用法形容词与副词的基本用法1. 表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用as+原级+as 意思是“ 和.一样”。Eg: This book is as interesting as that one.2. 表示二者在性质上和程度上不同时，用not as /so +原级+as 意思是“和.不一样” eg: He is not as /so tall as his elder brother.3. 表示A比B更.，用 than eg: I am old

13、er than he 比较级还可以用much,even,still,a little ,far, any ,.来修饰。4. 三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，一般使用最高级，形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the ,副词最高级前可加也可不加，之后一般要接表示范围的in/of短语。Eg:An elephant is the heaviest animal in the zoo. Tom is the tallest of all.5. 比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越.”,若形容词或副词是多音节，应该用 more and more +形容词原级，此结构后不接 than 引导的从句。eg: Chin

14、a is becoming more and more beautiful. Eg: Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.6. the+比较级，the+比较级 表示为“越是.越是.” Eg: The busier she is , the happier she feels.7. 表示倍数.times+形容词比较级+than. Eg: This book is twice thicker than that one.3）形容词副词的比较级最高级形式的变化规则大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，

15、用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词tall(高的) tallertallest未尾加-er,-estgreat(巨大的)greater greatest 以不发音的e结尾nice(好的) nicernicest的单音词和少数 large(大的)larger largest以- le结尾的双able（有能力的) ablerablest音节词只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母big(大的) bigger biggest结尾的闭音节单

16、hot热的)hotter hottest音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est 以辅音字母+yeasy(容易的)easier easiest结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的)busier busiest改y为i，再加 -er，-est 少数以-er，-owclever(聪明的)cleverer cleverest结尾的双音节词narrow(窄的)narrower narrowest未尾加-er，-est 其他双音节词和important(重要的)多音节词，在前more important面加more，most most important来构成比较级和easily(容易地) 最高级。m

17、ore easilymost easily 2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级最高级 good(好的)/betterbestwell(健康的) bad (坏的)/ worse worstill(有病的)old (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest much/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest 8、 many,old 和 far1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词 many more +可数名词复数 2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式

18、: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。 I have nothing further to say.9、 和more有关的词组1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the gre

19、ater progress youll make. 2) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you. 4) more than不只是，非常 She is more th

20、an kind to us all. 10.副词 中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中,频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,时间副词already,yet,still,just,疑问副词how,why,when,where,程度副词enough,quite以及too,also,either等的用法区别,副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。 一、副词的分类 副词按词汇意义可分为: 方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly 程度副词:very,much,enough,a

21、lmost,rather,quite 地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home 时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still 频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never 否定副词:no,not,neither,nor 疑问副词:where,how,why 其他:also,too,only 二、副词的基本用法: 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 例如,1.We should listen to our

22、 teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。 2.He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。 3.“What happened?”I asked,rather angrily.“发生什么事情了?”我相当生气地问。 4. In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。 三、常见副词用法辨析 1.already与yet的区别 already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经” 例如,He had already left when I calle

23、d.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。 Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗? I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。 注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末 例如:Has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?(表示很惊讶) 2 very,much和very much.的区别 very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much. 例如,John is very honest.

24、约翰非常诚实。 This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。 Thank you very much.非常感谢你 3.so与such的区别 so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词, 例如,My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。 so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”。 such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语

25、,其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”, 例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。 It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正) It is so cold weather.(误) They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。(正) They are so good students. (误) 如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such

26、. 例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数 so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词 4.also,too,as well与either 的区别 also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。 例如,My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher

27、 as well. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老师,我妈妈也是。 I cant speak French Jenny cant speak French,either.我不会说法语,詹妮也不会。 5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别 sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时 sometimes:有时,不时的some time:一段时间 some times:几次,几倍 例如,Well have a test sometime nex

28、t month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。6.ago与before的区别 ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。 例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。 He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。 7.now,just与just now的区别 now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在” just:与现在完11.形容词副词专练 1.

29、 Take this medicine, please. Do I have to ? It tastes _ . A. horrible B. horribly C. are horrible D. like horrible 2. The students are _ young people between that ages of sixteen and twenty. A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most 3. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to a place _ . A. where he is m

30、ost needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed 4. Who is _ of you three ? A. older B. oldest C. the eldest D. the oldest 5. Can we do our work better with _ money and _ people ? A. lesser, few B. less , fewer C. little , less D. fefw , less 6. It is impossibl

31、e for so _ workers to do so _ work in a single day. A. few , much B. few , many C. little , much D. little , many 7. He drives much _ than he did three years ago. A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully 8. _ members agree to the decision. A. The whole B. Whole of C. The whole of D.

32、 Wholes of 9. The horse is getting old and can not run _ it did. A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so faster as D. as fast as 10. _ the temperature, _ water turns steam. A. The high ; the fast B. Higher , faster C. The more higher ; the faster D. The higher ; the faster 11. He is _ teacher that all

33、 of us like him. A. a such good B. such good a C. a so good D. so good a 12. She told us _ story that we all forgot about thetime . A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. so interested a 13. Liu Ying gives me more help than _ . A. Joan is B. Joan gives C. Joans help D.

34、Joan does 14. Jim is taller than Rose. means _ . A. Jim is as tall as Rose B. Jim is not so tall as Rose C. Rose is not so tall as Jim D. Theyare the same height 15. China has a _ population than _country. A. larger ; any B. larger ; all other C. larger ; any other D. larger ; other 16. The film was

35、 _ than I had expected A. good better B. very better C. more better D. far better 17. Lesson 12 is _ than Lesson 10. A. a bit instructive B. a bit more instructive C. more instructive a bit D. more a bit instructive 18. He now felt _ without his friend , the dog. A. very more lonely B. even more lon

36、ely C. more still lonely D. more far lonely 19. I got to the station _ than Jone. A. early 20 minutes B. earlier 20 minutes C. 20 minutes early D. 20 minutes earlier 20. It rained for _. A. whole three days B. three whole days C. all three days D. three all days 21. Have you _ finished your work ? A

37、. rather B. fairly C. pretty D. quite 22. This book is _ on the subject. A. much the best B. the much best C. very the best D. very much best 23. These are _ machines made in china. A. much best B. the much best C. the very best D. very the best 24. Asia is _ the largest continent in the world. A .

38、by far B. far away C. in the distance D. a little 25. He is _ his elder brother. A. as a tall fellow as B. as tall a fellow as C. as tall as a fellow D. as tall a fellow like 26. This shelf is _ the other one. A . the same height as B. as higher as C. height as D. as the same height as 27. Beijing i

39、s becoming _ and _ . A. more beautiful ; more beautiful B. beautiful ; beautiful C. more ; more beautiful D. more beautiful ; more 28. The population of our village today is _ before liberation. A. as 70 percent much as B. 70 percent as much as C. more 70 percent than that D. 70 percent as much as t

40、hat 29. The new reservoir ( 水库 ) is _ the oldone. A. the size of five times than B. the size of five times C. five times bigger than D. five times the size of 30. The doctor has tried _ to save his life. A. everything humanly possible B. humanly possible everything C. humanly everything possible D.

41、everything possible humanly 31. His health is _ . A. as poor , if not poorer than B. poor as his brothers if not poor C. as poor as , if not poorer than , his brothers D. as poor , if not poorer than his brother 32. - Have you finished your report yet ? ( 95 ) - No , Ill finish in _ ten minutes. A.

42、another B. other C. more D. less 33. Hold the book _ please , for I cant see the words in it clearly. A. more closer B. more closely C. closely D. closer 34. _ never cared much for Dickens. A. It is strangely enough that I have B. Strange enough , I had C. Strangely enough , I have D. Strangely enou

43、gh , I had 35. You have done _ . A. more than enough B. enough more than C. more enough than D. than more enough 36. She has to spend _ money on medicine. A. a great deal of B. a large number of C. a great many D. a few 37. - Can I help you ? - Well, Im afraid the box is _ heavy for you , but thank

44、you all the same. ( 90 ) A. so B. much C. very D. too 38. This town has _ bridge . A. a stone old fine B. an old stone fine C. a fine old stone D. an old fine stone 39. Mrs Brown has _ car. A. a beautiful new American B. a new American beautiful C. a new beautiful American D. an American beautiful n

45、ew 40. The airport is five miles _ . A. far away from here B. away from here C. from here away D. far from here 41. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another 42. How _ is your house from here ? A. long B. far C. much far D. long way 43. The _ garden looks very

46、beautiful . A. new built B. built new C. newly built D. newly building 44. The shoes are _ , but I do not care a bit. A. a little too small B. too a little smallC. a little small too D. too small a little 45. This news is _ surprising. A. much B. very C. very much D. more 46. Have you visited Shangh

47、ai ? A. Not yet B. Not ever C. Still D. Ever 47. He has arrived late _ . A. as usually B. like C. like usually D. as usual 48. The old man came _ the staires. A. out of B. through C. off D. down 49. We waited _ for the bus. A. for long time B. some long time C. in long time D. a long time 50. This i

48、s an excellent film. I like it better _ I have seen. A. than any other B. than any C. the best D. the best of all 51. It is _ novel I am anxious to borrow. A. just the B. the just C. very the D. very just 52. The teacher said ; It is necessary for you to read the text _ after class. A. loud B. loudl

49、y C. louder D. aloud 53. She _ late for school. A. seldom is B. seldom will be C. is seldom D. seldom go 54. She looks _ for her age. A. older B. old C. old than D. much older 12）形容词与副词比较级最高级练习 1写出下列形容词副词的比较级最高级。 young _ _ nice _ _ far _ _ early _ _ much _ _ delicious _ _ short_ _ late _ _ little _

50、_ beautiful _ _ fat _ _ red _ _ 2用所给的形容词副词的适当形式填空。1）Tom is _ (tall) than Jim. 2）Li Lei is _(young) boy in his class.3）I think English is _ (interesting)than any other subject.4）David has _ (many)story books of all the students.5）Li Lei speaks English _ (well) in his group.6）Lucy runs _ (slow) than L

51、ily.3改正下列句子中一处的错误。1）Tom comes to school late than Jim._2)Which do you like better , cats ,dogs,or chickens? _3)Who is oldest in our class? _4)He thinks math is importanter than Chinese._5)This work is very harder than that one._6)He lives farer than any other student in your class._ 4.单选题。1） She is _ than _ . A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we 2） Jane is _ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall