(完整版)初中被动语态讲解及练习

1、第1页被动语态一、概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是 动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作 不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词， 并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格） ，如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is

2、 / am / are +及物动词的过去分词We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man -made satellites have been sent up into spac

3、e by many countries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can b

4、e handed in tomorrow.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词7.不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 例：make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do s

5、omethi ngsomebody +be +see n to do somethi ngA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The littmady twato heavy work by the boss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时， 可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。 使用直接宾语（物）作主语时，要在动词后

6、加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.TA book was give n to me by him.He showed me a ticket.第2页tA ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike.tA new bike was bought for me by my father.第3页5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can t laugh at him.He cant be laughed at by us.H

7、e liste ns to the radio every day.The radio is liste ned to by him every day.The nurse is tak ing care of the sick man.The sick man is being take n care of by the nu rse.不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die（死亡disappear（消失），end（vi.结束）,fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand br

8、eak out, cometrue, fall asleep, keep sile nee, lose heart, take place.女口：After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has rise n.（错）The accide nt was happe ned last week.（对）The accide nt happe ned last week.（错）

9、The price has raised.（对）The price has bee n raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有 两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch,agreewith, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer fr

10、om, happen to, take part in, walk in to, belong to如：This key just fitsthe lock.被动语态练习、选择题第4页( )11.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasntsent()12.-When _ this kind of computers_ ? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is;used D. are; used( )13. The Great Wall

11、 _ all over the world.A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known ( )14.Iin summer.A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhangto the factory next week.A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent( )16.Who _ this book _ ? A. did; written B. was; written by C. di

12、d; written D. was;written( )17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A storyby Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )19.The monkey was seenoff the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )20.The school

13、 bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put( )21.Older people _ well.A.looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )22.Our teachercarefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1. We can

14、finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children.4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Cardher by me

15、 last week.6. People use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines.7. He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library.9._ Did they build a bridge here a year ago?a bridgehere by them）1.buildin our school last yea

16、r? A.a new libraryD. Did; buildaccidenton this road last week.Is; built B. Was;bulit C. Does;）2. AnA. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened）3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow）4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C

17、. has been visited D.D. happenedwas visited）5.A talk on Chinese history _given C. will be given D. gives ）6.Howmany trees_ this year?pla nted ）7. A lot of C. has been ）8.Neither of A. is madethi ngsdone D. willthemB. are made）9.Look! A nice pictureA. is drawing B. is being）10. Your shoes_ . YouA. we

18、ar out B. worn outin the school hall next week.A. are planted B.to save the little girlby peoplebe donein China.C. were made D. made forour teacher.drawn C. has been drawnwill plantnow. A.D .drawsneed a new pair.C. are worn out D. is wornA. is givenB. has beenC. have been planted D.are doing B. are

19、being done第5页a year ago?10._ Well put on an English play in our school. AnEnglish play _ _ _ on in our school.11._ More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets _ _ more and more farmers.12._ My brother often mends his watch. His watchbymy brother.13.We must water the flowers every day. The

20、 flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.15._ He made the farmers work for a long time. Thefarmers _ _ _ _ for a long time.16._ Did he break the window yesterday?the window _yesterday?17._They have sold out the light greendresses. The l

21、ight green dresses _ _ _ out.18._ We clean the classroom every day. The classroom_ every day.19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees _ _ _ _ in very dry earth.20._You can dig a hole in the earth. A Holein the earth.第6页1.The students_ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2.That play _ (put) on aga in sometime next mon th.3.The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.4.Vegetables,eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5.What _ a knife _ (make) of? It